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        <title><![CDATA[Stories by Grace Pruksarojanakul on Medium]]></title>
        <description><![CDATA[Stories by Grace Pruksarojanakul on Medium]]></description>
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            <title>Stories by Grace Pruksarojanakul on Medium</title>
            <link>https://medium.com/@gracegp22?source=rss-89a7406aca78------2</link>
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            <title><![CDATA[What I read today Ep.1]]></title>
            <link>https://medium.com/@gracegp22/what-i-read-today-ep-1-review-paper-by-matsuda-2025-108c93bbcc31?source=rss-89a7406aca78------2</link>
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            <dc:creator><![CDATA[Grace Pruksarojanakul]]></dc:creator>
            <pubDate>Thu, 25 Dec 2025 14:53:59 GMT</pubDate>
            <atom:updated>2025-12-25T14:59:42.530Z</atom:updated>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<h4>What I read today Ep. 1 | Enhancing Recombinant Protein Yield in <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em> through Controlled Environment Agriculture (A Review Paper by Matsuda 2025)</h4><p>Today I read a review paper written by Matsuda (2025). This is an interesting review emphasising that the field of plant-made pharmaceutical protein production must transition from foundational research to industrial optimisation, specifically through the use of controlled-environment systems like plant factories with artificial lighting. To achieve commercial viability, the review paper defines total productivity as the product of expression level, biomass accumulation, and process time. Optimising recombinant pharmaceutical protein yield requires a bifurcated approach where the environmental conditions are strictly tailored to the distinct physiological needs of the plant before and after gene transfer.</p><p>During the pre-agroinfiltration phase, the primary objective is to maximise the plant’s metabolic capacity and biomass. Matsuda recommends high daily light integrals and warmer temperatures (25°–30°C) to promote vigorous growth. Furthermore, specific spectral manipulations, such as the combination of red and far-red light, are suggested not only to drive photosynthesis but also to create an internal environment that favours <em>Agrobacterium</em> activity, thereby enhancing potential expression levels.</p><p>Following infiltration, the focus shifts to stress management to prevent tissue necrosis and ensure protein stability. The review highlights that leaf temperature is a more critical metric than air temperature, as infiltrated plants often suffer from stomatal closure and subsequent overheating. This thermal stress exacerbates Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress and the accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). To mitigate these effects, the review suggests lowering the ambient temperature to 20°C or applying ascorbic acid to suppress ROS, acting effectively as a cooling system for the plant’s metabolism.</p><p>Finally, the author of this review paper emphasises the role of intelligent process management and future standardisation. A key finding for harvest timing is that peak leaf temperature typically precedes peak protein content by 1–2 days, allowing for non-destructive prediction via infrared thermography. The future of the industry relies on developing standardised hardware and software distinct from food crop systems, with a focus on renewable energy and biomass upcycling to ensure long-term sustainability.</p><p>For more information please check this review paper at <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pbi.70453">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pbi.70453</a></p><p><strong>Reference</strong><br>Matsuda, R. 2025. “ The Impacts of Environmental Factors and Culture Conditions on the Transient Expression of Recombinant Protein in <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em> Under Controlled Environments.” <em>Plant Biotechnology Journal</em> 1–11. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70453">https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70453</a>.</p><img src="https://medium.com/_/stat?event=post.clientViewed&referrerSource=full_rss&postId=108c93bbcc31" width="1" height="1" alt="">]]></content:encoded>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[JLPT N1 | Vocabulary Related to Art คำศัพท์เกี่ยวกับศิลปะ]]></title>
            <link>https://medium.com/@gracegp22/n1-%E8%8A%B8%E8%A1%93-158e0f5fc599?source=rss-89a7406aca78------2</link>
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            <dc:creator><![CDATA[Grace Pruksarojanakul]]></dc:creator>
            <pubDate>Tue, 21 Oct 2025 06:57:29 GMT</pubDate>
            <atom:updated>2025-10-21T12:58:36.798Z</atom:updated>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*v8-dNdna1fDVn7FnfsgksQ.jpeg" /></figure><p>1. 芸術（ げいじゅつ）art<br>2. 著書（ちょしょ）written work, book<br>3. 著書名（ちょしょめい）title of a book<br>4. 独創的 [な] （どくそうてき）original<br>5. ユニーク [な] unique, original<br>6. 原文（げんぶん）original text<br>7. ニュアンス nuance<br>8. 朗読 [する]（ろうどく）reading aloud, recitation<br>9. 書評（しょひょう）book review<br>10. 刊行 [する] （かんこう）publication, issue</p><p>11. 詩（し）poem, poetry, verse<br>12. 長編小説（ちょうへんしょうせつ）full-length novel, long novel<br>13. 短編小説（たんぺんしょうせつ）short story<br>14. 戯曲（ぎきょく）drama, play<br>15. 文庫本（ぶんこぼん）small-format paperback book, pocket paperback<br>16. 新書（しんしょ）new book<br>17. 初版（しょはん）first edition<br>18. 改訂版（かいていばん）revised edition<br>19. 待望 [する・の]（たいぼう）waiting eagerly, long-awaited<br>20. 新刊（しんかん）new book, new publication</p><p>21. 重厚な曲（じゅうこうなきょく）profound/deep/heavy song<br>22. 軽快な曲（けいかいなきょく）light/upbeat/rhythmic song<br>23. 一筋 [な]（ひとすじ）earnest, single-minded<br>24. 打ち込む（うちこむ）to be absorbed in<br>25. 美しい音色（うつくしいねいろ）beautiful tone, beautiful sound quality<br>26. 響く（ひびく） to resound, to be heard far away<br>27. 反響 [する]（はんきょう）echo<br>28. 音が反響する The sound echoes.<br>29. 楽譜（がくふ）score, sheet music<br>30. 楽譜をめくる To turn the page of the sheet music.<br>29. 歌の一節（うたのいっせつ）a verse/passage/line of a song.<br>30. 口ずさむ（くちずさむ）to hum a tune</p><p>31. 盛大 [な]（せいだい）grand, magnificent<br>32. 盛大な拍手（せいだいなはくしゅ）a huge round of applause<br>33. 沸き起こる（わきおこる）to burst forth (emotions, cheering, applause, etc.)<br>34. 盛大な拍手が沸き起こる (せいだいなはくしゅがわきおこる) A huge round of applause bursts forth.<br>35. 作風（さくふう） style (of a work, author, artist, etc.)<br>36. 繊細な作風（せんさいなさくふう）delicate/subtle artistic style<br>37. 大胆な作風（だいたんなさくふう）bold/daring artistic style<br>38. 描写 [する]（びょうしゃ）depiction<br>39. 壮大 [な]（そうだい）magnificent, grand<br>40. 壮大な建築物（そうだいなけんちくぶつ）magnificent building</p><p>41. 画廊（がろう）art gallery (esp. artworks for sale)<br>42. ギャラリー art gallery<br>43. 個展（こてん）solo exhibition (an art exhibition featuring the work of a single artist)<br>44. 伝統的 [な]（でんとうてき）traditional<br>45. 手芸（しゅげい）handicrafts<br>46. 織物（おりもの）textile, fabric<br>47. 刺繍（ししゅう）embroidery<br>48. 陶芸（とうげい）ceramic art, ceramics<br>49. 精巧 [な] （せいこう）elaborate, delicate, exquisite<br>50. 彫刻 [する]（ちょうこく）carving, engraving, sculpture</p><p>51. 作者（さくしゃ）creator of a work<br>52. 意図 [する]（いと）intention, aim, design<br>53. 意図を読み取る （いとをよみとる）To read someone’s intention<br>54. 茶道（さどう）tea ceremony<br>55. 茶道をたしなむ To practice or enjoy the tea ceremony (as a refined hobby)<br>56. 花をいける（はなをいける）To arrange flowers (specifically in the style of ikebana, Japanese floral art)<br>57. 鑑賞 [する]（かんしょう）appreciation (of art, music, poetry, etc.)<br>58. オペラ座（オペラざ）opera house<br>59. 歌舞伎（かぶき）Kabuki<br>60. 交響楽団（こうきょうがくだん）symphony orchestra</p><img src="https://medium.com/_/stat?event=post.clientViewed&referrerSource=full_rss&postId=158e0f5fc599" width="1" height="1" alt="">]]></content:encoded>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[JLPT N2-N1 | Vocabulary Related to Real Estate คำศัพท์เกี่ยวกับอสังหาริมทรัพย์]]></title>
            <link>https://medium.com/@gracegp22/jlpt-n2-n1-vocabulary-related-to-real-estate-%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C-e0d19dd8ad7d?source=rss-89a7406aca78------2</link>
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            <dc:creator><![CDATA[Grace Pruksarojanakul]]></dc:creator>
            <pubDate>Wed, 24 Sep 2025 10:13:12 GMT</pubDate>
            <atom:updated>2025-09-24T10:17:07.047Z</atom:updated>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*n4P-Z8_XGWy0B4TDka0rZg.jpeg" /></figure><ol><li>中古マンション （ちゅうこマンション）second-hand condominium, previously owned apartment</li><li>平均価格 (へいきんかかく) average price</li><li>連続 [する] （れんぞく）continuation, succession</li><li>億（おく）hundred million, 100,000,000</li><li>地価（ちか）land price</li><li>背景（はいけい）background, context</li><li>換算 [する] （かんさん） conversion (e.g., of currency, units)</li><li>不動産（ふどうさん）real estate</li><li>集計 [する] （しゅうけい）totalization, adding up, summing up</li><li>公表 [する] （こうひょう）official announcement, publication</li><li>内訳（うちわけ）breakdown, itemization</li><li>都心（としん）city center, downtown</li><li>首都圏 （しゅとけん）capital region, metropolitan area</li><li>高騰 [する] （こうとう）sharp price rise, soaring</li><li>供給 [する] （きょうきゅう）supply, provision</li><li>需要 （じゅよう）demand, request</li><li>売り主 （うりぬし）seller</li><li>強気 [な] （つよき） strong, firm, bullish (in market terms)</li><li>見通し（みとおし）outlook, forecast</li><li>金融 （きんゆう）finance, monetary</li><li>資産 （しさん）assets, property</li><li>株価 （かぶか）stock price</li><li>意欲 （いよく）will, desire, motivation</li><li>一段と （いちだんと）even more, still more</li><li>大幅 [な] （おおはば）drastic, substantial, large-scale</li><li>小幅 [な] （こはば）small, narrow</li><li>割高感 （わりだかかん）a sense of being overpriced</li><li>販売 [する] （はんばい）sales, selling</li><li>上昇 [する] （じょうしょう）rise, increase</li><li>調査 [する] （ちょうさ）investigation, survey</li><li>主要 [な] （しゅよう）main, principal, major</li><li>新築 [する] （しんちく）new construction</li><li>設定 [する] （せってい）setting, establishment</li><li>落ち着く（おちつく）to settle down, to become stable</li></ol><p>News: <a href="https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20250924/k10014930931000.html">https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20250924/k10014930931000.html</a></p><img src="https://medium.com/_/stat?event=post.clientViewed&referrerSource=full_rss&postId=e0d19dd8ad7d" width="1" height="1" alt="">]]></content:encoded>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[JLPT N2-N1 | Vocabulary Related to Business คำศัพท์เกี่ยวกับธุรกิจ]]></title>
            <link>https://medium.com/@gracegp22/jlpt-n2-n1-vocabulary-related-to-business-3e29b22f096d?source=rss-89a7406aca78------2</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">https://medium.com/p/3e29b22f096d</guid>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[Grace Pruksarojanakul]]></dc:creator>
            <pubDate>Wed, 03 Sep 2025 12:09:09 GMT</pubDate>
            <atom:updated>2025-09-05T03:40:53.713Z</atom:updated>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*eJZwQ7M5thazoTHncD2ZKg.png" /></figure><p>Link: <a href="https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20250903/k10014911621000.html">https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20250903/k10014911621000.html</a></p><p>✎ 米投資ファンド（べいとうしファンド）US investment fund<br>✎ 傘下（さんか）affiliated with, under the umbrella<br>✎ ヨークHD (ヨークホールディングス）York Holdings Co., Ltd<br>✎ 食料品（しょくりょうひん）food products<br>✎ 医薬品 (いやくひん） pharmaceuticals, medicine</p><p>✎ 販売 [する] (はんばい）sales, selling, marketing<br>✎ 強化 [する] (きょうか）strengthening<br>✎ 大手 (おおて）major company, large company<br>✎ 大企業（だいきぎょう）large company<br>✎ 主要企業（しゅようきぎょう）major company</p><p>✎ イトーヨーカ堂（イトーヨーカどう）Ito-Yokado Co., Ltd. （a Japanese general merchandise, shopping centre, grocery store and department store）<br>✎ 運営 [する] （うんえい） management, operation<br>✎ 方針（ほうしん） policy, plan<br>✎ 無方針（むほうしん） not having a plan<br>✎ セブン＆アイ・ホールディングス Seven &amp; i Holdings</p><p>✎ 事業（じぎょう） business, enterprise<br>✎ 束ねる（たばねる） to bundle together<br>✎ これを受けて (これをうけて）in response to this<br>✎ ベインキャピタル Bain Capital<br>✎ 新たな (あらたな）new, fresh, novel</p><p>✎ このうち among these, of these<br>✎ 打ち出し（うちだし）launching, announcing<br>✎ 衣料品 (いりょうひん）clothing, apparel<br>✎ 扱う (あつかう) to handle, to deal with, to sell<br>✎ 専門店 (せんもんてん）specialty store, shop specialising in a particular type of product</p><p>✎ 商業施設 (しょうぎょうしせつ）retail facilities, commercial facilities<br>✎ 担う (になう）to bear a burden, to be responsible for<br>✎ 委ねる (ゆだねる）to entrust, to delegate, to leave to<br>✎ 地域 (ちいき）region, area<br>✎ 買い物客（かいものきゃく）shopper, customer</p><p>✎ 動向 (どうこう）trend, tendency<br>✎ 踏まえる (ふまえる）to be based on, to take into account<br>✎ 店舗（てんぽ）shop, store<br>✎ 改装 [する] （かいそう）remodelling, reorganisation<br>✎ 進める（すすめる）to proceed with, to move forward with, to carry on</p><p>✎ 構造改革 (こうぞうかいかく）structural reform, restructuring<br>✎ 最中 (さいちゅう）in the middle of, in the midst of<br>✎ やり切る (やりきる）to complete decisively, to do to completion<br>✎ 述べる（のべる）to state, to express, to say</p><img src="https://medium.com/_/stat?event=post.clientViewed&referrerSource=full_rss&postId=3e29b22f096d" width="1" height="1" alt="">]]></content:encoded>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[JLPT N2-N1 | Vocabulary Related to Foreign Affairs คำศัพท์เกี่ยวกับการต่างประเทศ]]></title>
            <link>https://medium.com/@gracegp22/jlpt-words-in-the-news-foreign-affairs-2ff8cafa198f?source=rss-89a7406aca78------2</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">https://medium.com/p/2ff8cafa198f</guid>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[Grace Pruksarojanakul]]></dc:creator>
            <pubDate>Sat, 22 Mar 2025 10:41:17 GMT</pubDate>
            <atom:updated>2025-09-05T03:42:58.297Z</atom:updated>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*eJZwQ7M5thazoTHncD2ZKg.png" /></figure><p>Learning new words from context is an effective method for improving my Japanese lexical resource. When I encounter a word in a news sentence, it helps me understand not only its meaning but also how it is used naturally in conversation and writing. This approach gives me insight into the nuances of the language. Additionally, it helps expand my vocabulary with contemporary words and phrases used in everyday contexts.</p><p>The headline of the news I read today:<br>日中韓外相会議 日本での首脳会議開催に向け調整加速で一致<strong><br></strong>The foreign ministers of Japan, China and South Korea have agreed to accelerate arrangements to hold a trilateral summit in Japan as early as possible.<br>Link: <a href="https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20250322/k10014757191000.html">https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20250322/k10014757191000.html</a></p><p>✎日中韓（にっちゅうかん）Japan, China and South Korea, CJK<br>✎ 外相（がいしょう）Foreign Minister<br>✎ 外務大臣（がいむだいじん）Minister for Foreign Affairs<br>✎ 大臣（だいじん）cabinet minister<br>✎ 岩屋毅（いわやたけし）IWAYA Takeshi (Foreign Minister of Japan)<br>✎ 王毅（ワン・イー）WANG Yi (Foreign Minister of China)<br>✎ チョ・テヨル（趙兌烈）CHO Tae-yul (Foreign Minister of South Korea)<br>✎ 会議 [する]（かいぎ）meeting<br>✎ 首脳会議（しゅのうかいぎ）summit meeting, top-level conference<br>✎ 開催 [する]（かいさい）holding (a conference, exhibition, etc.), opening, hosting (e.g. the Olympics)<br>✎ 一致 [する]（いっち）agreement, accord<br>✎ 調整 [する]（ちょうせい）adjustment, regulation, coordination, reconciliation, tuning<br>✎ 加速 [する]（かそく）acceleration, speeding up<br>✎ 開かれる（ひらかれる）to be open<br>✎ 共通（きょうつう）common, shared, mutual<br>✎ 共通の課題（きょうつうのもんだい）common issues<br>✎ 協力 [する]（きょうりょく）cooperation, collaboration<br>✎ 推進 [する]（すいしん）1. propulsion, drive; 2. promotion (of a policy, project, movement, etc.)<br>✎ なるべくas … as possible, as … as one can, wherever practicable, if possible<br>✎ 港区（みなとく）Minato City (special ward of Tokyo)<br>✎ 外務省（がいむしょう）Ministry of Foreign Affairs<br>✎ 飯倉公館（いくらこうかん）Iikura Guest House<br>✎ 外務大臣（がいむだいじん）Minister for Foreign Affairs<br>✎ 出席 [する]（しゅっせき）attendance, presence<br>✎ 隣国（りんごく）neighbouring nations<br>✎ 直面 [する]（ちょくめん）confrontation<br>✎ 率直 [な]（そっちょく）frank, candid<br>✎ 対話 [する]（たいわ）dialogue<br>✎ 率直な対話（そっちょくなたいわ）candid dialogues<br>✎ 未来志向（みらいしこうのこうりゅう）future-oriented<br>✎ 交流と協力（こうりゅうときょうりょく）exchange and cooperation<br>✎ 利益（りえき）benefit, advantage, interests (e.g. of society)<br>✎ 共通の利益（きょうつうのりえき）common interest<br>✎ 地域（ちいき）region<br>✎ 国際社会（こくさいしゃかい）international community, global<br>✎ 平和 [な]（へいわ）peace, harmony<br>✎ 繁栄 [する]（はんえい）prosperity, flourishing<br>✎ 極めて（きわめて）exceedingly, extremely, decisively<br>✎ 重要 [な]（じゅうよう）important, essential, significant<br>✎ 述べる（のべる）to state<br>✎ 人的交流（じんてきこうりゅう）personnel exchanges<br>✎ 相互理解 [する]（そうごりかい）mutual understanding<br>✎ 促進 [する]（そくしん）promotion, acceleration, encouragement<br>✎ 経済（けいざい）economy, economics<br>✎ 防災（ぼうさい）disaster preparedness, protection against disaster<br>✎ 強化 [する]（きょうか）strengthening<br>✎ 北朝鮮（きたちょうせん）North Korea<br>✎ 核・ミサイル開発（かく・ミサイルかいはつ）nuclear and missile development<br>✎ ロシア Russia<br>✎ 軍事協力（ぐんじきょうりょく）military cooperation, military ties<br>✎ 進展 [する]（しんてん）progress, development, growing<br>✎ 懸念 [する]（けねん）worry, concern<br>✎ 表明 [する]（ひょうめい） expression, declaration<br>✎ 国連安保理（こくれんあんぽり）United Nations Security Council<br>✎ 決議 [する]（けつぎ）resolution<br>✎ 沿う（そう）to follow (a policy, plan, etc.), to act in accordance with, to align with<br>✎ 非核化 [する]（ひかくか）denuclearisation<br>✎ 緊密 [な]（きんみつ）rigour, closeness<br>✎ 意思疎通 [する]（いしそつう）(reciprocal) communication<br>✎ 重要性（じゅうようせい）importance<br>✎ 呼びかける（よびかける）to appeal (e.g. to the public), to urge<br>✎ 拉致問題（らちもんだい）abduction issue (esp. of those Japanese abducted by North Korea)<br>✎ 即時（そくじ）prompt, immediate<br>✎ 解決 [する]（かいけつ）settlement, solution<br>✎ 求める（もとめる）to request, to ask for<br>✎ ウクライナ Ukraine<br>✎ 現状（げんじょう）present condition, status quo<br>✎ 変更 [する]（へんこう）change, modification<br>✎ 試み（こころみ）attempt, endeavour (endeavor), effort<br>✎ 必要性（ひつようせい）necessity<br>✎ 強調 [する]（きょうちょう）emphasis, stress, highlighting<br>✎ 終戦（しゅうせん）end of war<br>✎ 歴史（れきし）history<br>✎ 直視 [する]（ちょくし）taking a straight look at something<br>✎ 見据える（みすえる）to set one’s eyes on (e.g. the future), to focus on<br>✎ 冒頭（ぼうとう）beginning, opening, start, outset<br>✎ 総じて（そうじて）1. in general; 2. as a whole<br>✎ 前向きな勢い（まえむきないきおい）a future-oriented spirit<br>✎ 保つ（たもつ）to keep, to hold<br>✎ 成果（せいか）(good) result, outcome<br>✎ よい成果を得る（よいせいかをえる）Get good results.<br>✎ 発展 [する]（はってん）development, growth, flourishing<br>✎ 安定 [する]（あんてい）stability, steadiness<br>✎ 一体化 [する]（いったいか）unification, integration<br>✎ 節目（ふしめ）turning point, milestone<br>✎ 真摯 [な]（しんし）sincere, earnest, serious<br>✎ 振り返る（ふりかえる） to think back (on), to reminisce, to look back (on), to reflect (on)<br>✎ 堅持 [する]（けんじ）holding on to, sticking to<br>✎ 記者発表（きしゃはっぴょう）press release, announcement<br>✎ 共同記者発表（きょうどうきしゃはっぴょう）a joint news conference<br>✎ 地域・国際情勢（ちいき・こくさいじょうせい）regional and international situations<br>✎ 率直な意見（そっちょくそっちょくいけん）candid views<br>✎ 引き続く（ひきつづく）to continue (for a long time)<br>✎ 連携 [する]（れんけい）cooperation, coordination, link<br>✎ グローバル化 [する]（グローバルか）globalisation<br>✎ 自由貿易（じゆうぼうえき）free trade<br>✎ 世界経済（せかいけいざい）world economy<br>✎ 回復 [する]（かいふく）restoration, recovery<br>✎ 責任（せきにん）duty, responsibility<br>✎ 政権（せいけん）political administration, political power<br>✎ 自国（じこく）one’s own country<br>✎ 主義（しゅぎ）doctrine, rule, principle, -ism<br>✎ 念頭（ねんとう）(on one’s) mind<br>✎ 朝鮮半島（ちょうせんはんとう）Korean peninsula<br>✎ 複雑 [な]（ふくざつ）complex, complicated<br>✎ 不確実性（ふかくじつせい）uncertainty, indeterminacy, unreliability<br>✎ 当事国（とうじこく）countries concerned (involved)<br>✎ 直視 [する]（ちょくし）taking a straight look at something<br>✎ 反省 [する]（はんせい）reflection<br>✎ 有益な教訓を引き出す = to draw beneficial lessons<br>✎ 有益 [な]（ゆうえき）beneficial<br>✎ 教訓 [する]（きょうくん）lesson<br>✎ 引き出す（ひきだす）to extract, to draw</p><img src="https://medium.com/_/stat?event=post.clientViewed&referrerSource=full_rss&postId=2ff8cafa198f" width="1" height="1" alt="">]]></content:encoded>
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            <title><![CDATA[JLPT N2-N1 | Vocabulary Related to IT คำศัพท์เกี่ยวกับไอที]]></title>
            <link>https://medium.com/@gracegp22/jlpt-n2-n1-words-in-the-news-0b917a679686?source=rss-89a7406aca78------2</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">https://medium.com/p/0b917a679686</guid>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[Grace Pruksarojanakul]]></dc:creator>
            <pubDate>Fri, 21 Mar 2025 04:10:21 GMT</pubDate>
            <atom:updated>2025-09-05T03:45:27.054Z</atom:updated>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*eJZwQ7M5thazoTHncD2ZKg.png" /></figure><p>This vocabulary list contains words I’ve recently learned from a news article focused on AI, semiconductor design, and SoftBank Group’s business strategies. The list includes key words related to business, technology, and collaborations, helping me better understand the latest developments in the tech industry, particularly in AI and infrastructure investments.</p><p>✎ ソフトバンク SoftBank (Japanese telecommunications company)<br>✎ 半導体 (はんどうたい) semiconductor<br>✎ 設計 [する] (せっけい) design<br>✎ 買収 [する] (ばいしゅう) acquisition (esp. corporate), buy-out, takeover, purchase<br>✎ 分野（ぶんや）field, sphere, realm, division, branch<br>✎ 強み（つよみ）forte, strong point<br>✎ とされる … is considered to …<br>✎ 億（おく）hundred million, 10⁸<br>✎ 需要（じゅよう）demand, request<br>✎ 高まる（たかまる）to rise, to swell, to be promoted<br>✎ 需要が高まる Demand is increasing.<br>✎ 開発力 （かいはつりょく）development capability<br>✎ 高める（たかめる）to raise, to lift, to boost, to enhance<br>✎ 事業（じぎょう）business, enterprise, commercial activity, business operation<br>✎ 強化 [する]（きょうか）strengthening, reinforcement, enhancement<br>✎ 図る（はかる）to plan, to attempt, to devise<br>✎ 狙い（ねらい）aim<br>✎ 株式（かぶしき）share (in a company), stock<br>✎ 子会社（こがいしゃ）subsidiary (company)<br>✎ 投資ファンド（とうしファンド）investment fund<br>✎ 取得 [する]（しゅとく）acquisition (of land, property, etc.), gaining possession (of)<br>✎ 買収額（ばいしゅうがく）acquisition amount<br>✎ 後半 (こうはん) latter half<br>✎ およそ about, roughly, approximately<br>✎ 取り引き（とりひき）transaction<br>✎ 完了 [する]（かんりょう）completion<br>✎ 連携（れんけい）collaboration, partnership<br>✎ 投資計画（とうしけいかく）investment plan<br>✎ 明らかにする （あきらかにする）to clarify, to make clear<br>✎ 企業（きぎょう）enterprise, business<br>✎ 生成AI (せいせいAI) generative AI<br>✎ 合弁会社 (ごうべんがいしゃ) joint venture<br>✎ 設立 (せつりつ) establishment<br>✎ 手がける（てがける）to handle, to manage, to deal with<br>✎ 販売 [する]（はんばい）sales, selling, marketing<br>✎ 関連 [する]（かんれん）relation, connection<br>✎ しようとする to try to do, to attempt to do</p><p><strong>Link to the news</strong><br><a href="https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20250320/k10014755361000.html">https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20250320/k10014755361000.html</a></p><img src="https://medium.com/_/stat?event=post.clientViewed&referrerSource=full_rss&postId=0b917a679686" width="1" height="1" alt="">]]></content:encoded>
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            <title><![CDATA[JLPT N2-N1 | Prefixes in Japanese Language คำเติมหน้าในภาษาญี่ปุ่น]]></title>
            <link>https://medium.com/@gracegp22/n2-vocab-7d109e370c30?source=rss-89a7406aca78------2</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">https://medium.com/p/7d109e370c30</guid>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[Grace Pruksarojanakul]]></dc:creator>
            <pubDate>Wed, 26 Feb 2025 10:25:37 GMT</pubDate>
            <atom:updated>2025-09-05T03:46:48.852Z</atom:updated>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*eJZwQ7M5thazoTHncD2ZKg.png" /></figure><p>Learning prefixes is a great way to build my Japanese vocabulary because they allow me to understand and create a variety of words from a single base. When I recognise a prefix, I can often guess the meaning of a new word and understand how it relates to others with the same prefix.</p><p>非〜<br>✎ 非常識（ひじょうしき）lack of common sense<br>✎ 非公式（ひこうしき）informal, unofficial<br>✎ 非公開（ひこうかい）private, non-public, secret, closed-door, closed<br>✎ 非課税（ひかぜい）tax-exempt, tax-free, tax-exempted</p><p>未〜<br>✎ 未確認（みかくにん）unconfirmed, unidentified<br>✎ 未解決（みかいけつ）unsolved, unresolved, unsettled, pending, outstanding<br>✎ 未経験（みけいけん）inexperienced<br>✎ 未発表（みはっぴょう）unpublished, unreleased, not yet made public<br>✎ 未完成（みかんせい）incomplete, unfinished, imperfect</p><p>総〜<br>✎ 総人数（そうにんずう）total number of people<br>✎ 総人口（そうじんこう）total population<br>✎ 総面積（そうめんせき）total area<br>✎ 総復習（そうふくしゅう）overall review<br>✎ 総選挙（そうせんきょ）general election (of the lower house)<br>✎ 総収入（そうしゅうにゅう）total income</p><p>不〜<br>✎ 不真面目（ふまじめ）not serious<br>✎ 不注意（ふちゅうい）carelessness<br>✎ 不景気（ふけいき）economic slump, recession<br>✎ 不完全（ふかんぜん） incomplete<br>✎ 不健康（ふけんこう）poor health, ill health, unhealthy<br>✎ 不自然（ふしぜん）unnatural, artificial<br>✎ 不得意（ふとくい）one’s weak point<br>✎ 不規則（ふきそく）irregular, disorderly<br>✎ 不可能（ふかのう）impossible<br>✎ 不自然（ふしぜん）unnatural, artificial<br>✎ 不公平（ふこうへい）unfairness<br>✎ 不必要（ふひつよう）unnecessary, needless<br>✎ 不人気（ふにんき）unpopular<br>✎ 不合格（ふごうかく）examination failure, rejection, disqualification<br>✎ 不安定（ふあんてい）instability, insecurity<br>✎ 不透明（ふとうめい）1) opaque, turbid; 2) opacity, obscurity; 3) unclear, unpredictable, uncertain<br>✎ 不自由（ふじゆう） 1) inability, disability; 2) inconvenience; 3) poverty<br>✎ 耳の不自由（みみのふじゆう）deafness, the deaf<br>✎ 目の不自由（めのふじゆう）blindness, the blind<br>✎ 体の不自由（からだのふじゆう）physically disabled, handicapped</p><p>不〜（ぶ〜）<br>✎ 不器用（ぶきよう）unskillful<br>✎ 不気味（ぶきみ）weird<br>✎ 不作法（ぶさほう）ill-mannered, rude</p><img src="https://medium.com/_/stat?event=post.clientViewed&referrerSource=full_rss&postId=7d109e370c30" width="1" height="1" alt="">]]></content:encoded>
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            <title><![CDATA[JLPT N2-N1 | Vocabulary Related to Work คำศัพท์เกี่ยวกับการทำงาน]]></title>
            <link>https://medium.com/@gracegp22/n1-vocab-work-a7d5a35776f0?source=rss-89a7406aca78------2</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">https://medium.com/p/a7d5a35776f0</guid>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[Grace Pruksarojanakul]]></dc:creator>
            <pubDate>Fri, 21 Feb 2025 03:44:51 GMT</pubDate>
            <atom:updated>2025-09-05T03:47:56.051Z</atom:updated>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*eJZwQ7M5thazoTHncD2ZKg.png" /></figure><p>I learned some new words today.<br>✎ 手掛ける（てがける）to handle, to manage, to deal with <br>✎ 委託 [する] （いたく）entrusting (something to a person) <br>✎ おろそかにする to neglect, to be careless about something <br>✎ おろそか [な] negligent, careless<br>✎ はかどるto make good progress, to advance <br>✎ 順調に進む（じゅんちょうにすすむ）to progress smoothly <br>✎ 順調 [な] （じゅんちょう）favourable, OK, all right<br>✎ 取り掛かる（とりかかる）to begin (doing), to start <br>✎ 打ち込む（うちこむ）to focus intensely, to commit wholeheartedly <br>✎ 全力で取り組む（ぜんりょくでとりくむ）to tackle something with all your effort</p><p>✎ 役職（やくしょく）position, post <br>✎ 地位（ちい）position, post <br>✎ ポストposition, post <br>✎ 昇進 [する] （しょうしん） promotion, advancement to a higher position<br>✎ 主任（しゅにん）Supervisor, Chief <br>✎ 係長（かかりちょう）Assistant Manager, Section Chief <br>✎ 課長（かちょう）Section Manager, Department Head <br>✎ 次長（じちょう）Assistant Director, Deputy General Manager <br>✎ 部長（ぶちょう）General Manager, Department Head<br>✎ 役員（やくいん）Executive, Officer <br>✎ 重役（じゅうやく）Senior Executive, Executive Director <br>✎ 取締役（とりしまりやく）Director, Board Member</p><p>✎ 常勤 （じょうきん）full-time employment <br>✎ 非常勤（ひじょうきん）part-time work <br>✎ 職員（しょくいん）staff member, employee <br>✎ 社員（しゃいん）company employee <br>✎ 部署（ぶしょ） department, bureau, section <br>✎ セクション section <br>✎ 企画 （きかく）plan <br>✎ 開発 （かいはつ） development <br>✎ 広報（こうほう）public relations <br>✎ 経理（けいり）accounting, administration of money <br>✎ 営業（えいぎょう）sales <br>✎ 赴任 [する] （ふにん）transfer for work or to be assigned to a new post<br>✎ 赴く（おもむく）to head toward or to proceed to <br>✎ 転任 [する] （てんにん）change of post</p><p>✎ 報酬（ほうしゅう）reward（something given in return for work, services, or an achievement, typically in the form of money, goods, or recognition） <br>✎ 報酬を得る（ほうしゅうをえる）to receive a reward <br>✎ 多忙 [な] （たぼう）being very busy <br>✎ 多忙を極める（たぼうをきわめる）to be extremely busy<br>✎ 商店を営む（しょうてんをいとなむ）to run a shop <br>✎ 営む（いとなむ）to run a business<br>✎ 勤続 [する] （きんぞく）continuous service <br>✎ 退職 [する] （たいしょく）retirement, resignation <br>✎ 不景気 [な] （ふけいき）recession, economic downturn <br>✎ 不況（ふきょう）recession, economic downturn</p><p>✎ 職業（しょくぎょう）occupation, profession, job <br>✎ 法律（ほうりつ）law <br>✎ 検事（けんじ）public prosecutor <br>✎ 弁護士（べんごし）lawyer, attorney <br>✎ 裁判官（さいばんかん）judge <br>✎ 医療（いりょう）medical care <br>✎ 医師（いし）doctor, physician <br>✎ 歯科医（しかい）dentist <br>✎ 助産師（じょさんし）midwife <br>✎ 介護福祉士（かいごふくしし） certified care worker <br>✎ 介護士（かいごし）carer, nurse <br>✎ 土木（どぼく）civil engineering <br>✎ 建築 [する] （けんちく）construction, architecture <br>✎ 建築士（けんちくし）licensed architect <br>✎ 技師（ぎし）engineer, technician</p><p>✎ 宗教関係（しゅうきょうかんけい）religious affairs <br>✎ 僧（そう）monk, priest <br>✎ 神主（かんぬし）Shinto priest <br>✎ 神父（しんぷ）Catholic priest <br>✎ 牧師（ぼくし）pastor, minister <br>✎ 会計士（かいけいし）accountant <br>✎ 税理士（ぜいりし）tax counsellor, licensed tax accountant <br>✎ 消防士（しょうぼうし）firefighter <br>✎ 実業家（じつぎょうか）businessperson <br>✎ コンサルタント consultant <br>✎ 占い師（うらないし）fortune teller <br>✎ 探偵（たんてい）detective <br>✎ 家政婦（かせいふ）housekeeper, maid <br>✎ 板前（いたまえ）chef (esp. of high-end Japanese cuisine)</p><p>✎ 就職 [する]（しゅうしょく）finding employment <br>✎ 求人 [する]（きゅうじ）recruiting <br>✎ 公募 [する]（こうぼ）open recruitment <br>✎ 求人広告（きゅうじんこうこく）job advertisement<br>✎ 会社に履歴書を送付する to send a resume to a company <br>✎ 履歴書（りれきしょ）resume <br>✎ 送付 [する]（そうふ）sending<br>✎ 採用試験を突破する to pass recruitment exam <br>✎ 突破 [する]（とっぱ）passing <br>✎ 採用試験（さいようしけん）recruitment examination<br>✎ 雇用 [する]（こよう）employment, hire <br>✎ 解雇 [する]（かいこ）firing, layoff <br>✎ 正社員（せいしゃいん）permanent employee <br>✎ 派遣社員（はけんしゃいん）temporary employe <br>✎ 契約社員（けいやくしゃいん）contract employee</p><p>取り〜<br>✎ 取り掛かる（とりかかる）to begin doing, to start<br>✎ 取り上げる（とりあげる）to take up (a topic), to accept<br>✎ 取り組む（とりくむ）to tackle (e.g. a problem), to come to grips with, to work hard on</p><p>非〜<br>✎ 非常勤（ひじょうきん）part-time work<br>✎ 非正規（ひせいき） non-fulltime employment</p><p>〜官<br>✎ 裁判官（さいばんかん）judge<br>✎ 警察官（けいさつかん）police officer<br>✎ 外交官（がいこうかん）diplomat</p><p>〜家<br>✎ 実業家（じつぎょうか）businessperson<br>✎ 投資家（とうしか）investor<br>✎ 資本家（しほんか）capitalist, financier</p><p>〜士<br>✎ 介護福祉士（かいごふくしし）certified care worker<br>✎ 建築士（けんちくし）authorized architect and builder, licensed architect<br>✎ 弁護士（べんごし）lawyer, attorney</p><p>〜師<br>✎ 助産師（じょさんし）midwife<br>✎ 占い師（うらないし）fortune teller<br>✎ 看護師（かんごし）hospital nurse, registered nurse, RN</p><p>✿ 着々と（ちゃくちゃくと）steadily, smoothly (implying that something is progressing well or according to plan, step by step)<br>Example <br>仕事は着々と進んでいる。= The work is progressing steadily/ moving forward smoothly.</p><p>✿ どんどん rapidly, quickly, steadily<br>Example <br>仕事がどんどんはかどる。= The work is progressing rapidly.</p><p>REFERENCE<br><a href="https://www.3anet.co.jp/np/books/3630/">新完全マスター語彙 日本語能力試験Ｎ１</a>(Page 26–27)</p><img src="https://medium.com/_/stat?event=post.clientViewed&referrerSource=full_rss&postId=a7d5a35776f0" width="1" height="1" alt="">]]></content:encoded>
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            <title><![CDATA[JLPT N2-N1 | Frequently used expression สำนวนที่ใช้บ่อย]]></title>
            <link>https://medium.com/@gracegp22/n2-vocab-frequently-used-expression-deb353ba1679?source=rss-89a7406aca78------2</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">https://medium.com/p/deb353ba1679</guid>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[Grace Pruksarojanakul]]></dc:creator>
            <pubDate>Thu, 20 Feb 2025 05:01:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <atom:updated>2025-09-05T03:48:54.118Z</atom:updated>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*eJZwQ7M5thazoTHncD2ZKg.png" /></figure><p>I learned some frequently used expression in Japanese language.<br>✎ 手をつける（てをつける）to start working on something<br>✎ 手が空く（てがあく）to be free, to be available<br>✎ 手が掛かる（てがかかる）to take a lot of dealing with, to be a handful<br>✎ 手がない（てがない）1) not having enough workers; 2) having no options/ no means<br>✎ 手が離せない（てがはなせない）unable to leave the work at hand, right in the middle of something, tied up, busy<br>✎ 手に入れる（てにいれる）to obtain, to get, to procure, to win, to secure<br>✎ 〜が手に入る（てにはいる）to obtain, to get, to procure, to win, to secure <br>✎ 手に掛かる（てにかかる）to fall into someone’s hands, to place oneself in someone’s power<br>✎ 医者の手に掛かる（いしゃのてにいれる）to be under a doctor’s care<br>✎ 手を貸す（てをかす）＝ 手伝う（てつだう）to lend a hand, to help <br>✎ 手を入れる（てをいれる）to improve, to make adjustments, to correct, to touch up, to smarten up<br>✎ 手入れ（ていれ） care, repair, maintenance, grooming<br>✎ 腕がいい（うでがいい）skillful<br>✎ 腕のいい（うでのいい）skillful<br>✎ 腕が上がる（うでがあがる）to gain in skill, to improve, to get better<br>✎ 腕が落ちる（うでがおちる）to lose one’s skill, to get worse at something<br>✎ 腕をみがく（うでをみがく）to hone one’s skills, to polish one’s abilities<br>✎ 足を伸ばす（あしをのばす）to extend one’s reach, to go a bit farther (to go a little out of the way to explore or visit additional places)<br>✎ 足がない（あしがない）no way to get there, no means of transportation<br>✎ 足を運ぶ（あしをはこぶ）to go to a place, to visit<br>✎ 足が出る（あしがでる）to exceed the budget<br>✎ 気が合う（きがあう）to get along (with someone), to be like-minded<br>✎ 気が重い（きがおもい）depressed, feeling down, feeling reluctant<br>✎ 気が利く・気の利く（きがきく・きのきく）1) to be smart; 2) to be thoughtful<br>✎ 気がする（きがする）to feel like doing, to want to do<br>✎ 気がしない（きがしない）feeling of disinterest or lack of motivation toward something<br>✎ 気が進む（きがすすむ）to feel inclined to do something, to be willing to do something<br>✎ 気が進まない（きがすすまない）to feel reluctant to do something, to be unwilling to do something<br>✎ 気に掛かる（きにかかる）to be concerned about, to worry about<br>✎ 気に入る（きにいる）to like, to be pleased with<br>✎ 気に食わない（きにくわない）＝ 気に入らない（きにいらない）displeased with<br>✎ 気を落とす（きをおとす）to be discouraged, to be disheartened<br>✎ 気をつかう（きをつかう）to be considerate, to pay attention to others’ feelings or needs<br>✎ 気が軽い（きがかるい）light-hearted, carefree</p><p><strong>REFERENCE/ TOOL<br></strong>♡Book: <a href="https://www.amazon.co.jp/-/en/Nihongo-So-Matome-Japanese-Vocabulary-Preparation/dp/4872177282">Nihongo Sou Matome N2 Vocabulary</a> (Page 144–145)<strong><br></strong>♡ Dictionary: <a href="https://takoboto.jp/?q=%E6%B0%97%E3%81%AB%E9%A3%9F%E3%82%8F%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84">https://takoboto.jp</a></p><img src="https://medium.com/_/stat?event=post.clientViewed&referrerSource=full_rss&postId=deb353ba1679" width="1" height="1" alt="">]]></content:encoded>
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