Press Release: January 22, 2026

Contact: Summer Blevins (727) 232–2921

Bipartisan Eastern Mediterranean Gateway Act passes House Foreign Affairs Committee

WASHINGTON: The Eastern Mediterranean Gateway Act, led by Congressman Gus Bilirakis (FL-12), and Congressman Brad Schneider (IL-10) and joined by Reps. Nicole Malliotakis (NY-11), Dina Titus (NV-1) and Chris Pappas (NH-1), passed the House Foreign Affairs Committee. The bipartisan legislation aims to bolster the Eastern Mediterranean’s role as a strategic link between India, the Middle East, and Europe.

“Supporting a U.S.–India–Middle East–Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) is vital to enhancing energy security, economic integration, and regional cooperation,” said Rep. Bilirakis. “I am pleased this legislation has passed out of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, advancing a strategic initiative that will diversify energy routes, strengthen global supply chains, and promote efficient trade and investment. IMEC also provides a transparent and sustainable alternative to China’s Belt and Road Initiative, reinforcing U.S. partnerships and regional stability.”

“The Eastern Mediterranean is emerging as a central hub for energy and infrastructure connecting Europe, the Middle East, and India,” said Rep. Schneider. “This bipartisan bill ensures U.S. diplomacy keeps pace with that transformation, strengthening our partnerships with Greece, Cyprus, Israel, and Egypt and supporting efforts like the U.S.-India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) that deepen regional integration. Thank you to Foreign Affairs Chair Mast and Ranking Member Meeks for allowing consideration of this legislation and to my colleagues on the Foreign Affairs Committee for their broad support. I’m hopeful the full House will soon have an opportunity to advance this bill that will shore up global energy supply chains and bolster defense cooperation in the Eastern Mediterranean.”

“I am pleased to see our bipartisan Eastern Mediterranean Gateway Act advance out of the House Foreign Affairs Committee,” said Rep. Malliotakis. “This legislation reinforces America’s partnerships with Greece, Cyprus, Israel, and Egypt, strengthening cooperation on energy security, economic connectivity, and long-term strategic coordination in the Eastern Mediterranean.”

The bill reinforces U.S. support for the India–Middle East–Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) and regional initiatives including the 3+1 dialogue with Greece, Israel, and Cyprus and the East Mediterranean Gas Forum. It calls for:

• Elevating the Eastern Mediterranean in U.S. foreign policy;
• Institutionalizing strategic dialogues with IMEC and regional partners;
• Supporting cross-border infrastructure projects and energy interconnectors;
• Studying the expansion of U.S.–Israel innovation programs to the broader region;
• Evaluating multilateral models like Cyprus’s CYCLOPS center for regional coordination.

The legislation builds on bipartisan support for deeper regional integration, grounded in shared interests in energy security, economic connectivity, and long-term strategic coordination.

Press Release: September 22, 2025
Contact: Summer Blevins (727) 232–2921

Washington, D.C. — Earlier today, the bipartisan leadership of the Congressional Caucus on Hellenic Issues — Representatives Gus Bilirakis (R-FL), Chris Pappas (D-NH), Nicole Malliotakis (R-NY), and Dina Titus (D-NV) — issued the following statement:

“The United States must be very careful when engaging in negotiations particularly as it relates to discussions surrounding Turkey’s potential reentry into the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter program. Turkey was rightfully removed from the program in 2019 following its acquisition of the Russian-made S-400 missile defense system — a clear violation of U.S. law under the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA). President Erdogan’s decision to pursue military collaboration with the Russian Federation, despite Turkey’s NATO obligations, directly undermines the security of U.S. defense technology and poses a threat to the strategic integrity of allied defense cooperation. The continued possession of the S-400 system while seeking access to F-35 fighter jets risks exposing sensitive U.S. military capabilities to Russian intelligence, eroding allied trust, and jeopardizing the development of next-generation military platforms. Beyond this violation of U.S. law, Erdogan’s government has consistently demonstrated a disregard for international norms and democratic principles — from crackdowns on press freedom and political dissent, to aggressive military actions in the regions that have drawn international condemnation. Upholding CAATSA sanctions is not only a matter of legal compliance but a necessary step to protect American defense assets and reaffirm the U.S. commitment to accountability and rule of law in international relations. Rewarding Erdogan’s government without meaningful changes in behavior would set a dangerous precedent and weaken the credibility of U.S. foreign policy. The United States must stand firm in defending its laws, its alliances, and the international order.”

On behalf of the Hellenic American Leadership Council and its members, we come together with broken hearts to honor and remember our beloved friend, Vicky Zemenides.

Vicky was a guiding light in our community and a shining example of our shared mission in action.

In every sense, Vicky was the spirit of HALC. She lived the values we hold most dear: a boundless well of philotimo, a deep love for our Hellenic heritage, an abundance of compassion for others, and a steadfast commitment to building something bigger than ourselves. Whenever HALC gathered, whether to plan our next initiative, advocate for our community, or simply share a meal, Vicky’s warmth and her ideas and support made us feel seen, heard, and encouraged. She reminded us that what truly matters is how we show up for one another — rooted in profound love, respect, and understanding.

Vicky inspired and supported all of us through her gentle strength, kind words, and unwavering heart. From the first day of HALC’s creation, she stood shoulder to shoulder with us, fully invested and a partner in every goal we set out to achieve. She helped shape HALC’s direction in infinite ways and fueled our collective passion to serve the greater Hellenic diaspora.

To our Executive Director, Endy, and to his family: We grieve alongside you and hold you in our hearts. We promise to keep Vicky’s spirit alive in all we do, from the smallest acts of kindness to the greatest leaps toward progress. She will forever be a part of our collective story, our shared mission, and our enduring hope for the future.

May we continue to honor Vicky by living out the values she demonstrated so beautifully each day. May her memory be eternal, lighting our path and guiding us to be the best versions of ourselves — united, compassionate, and resilient.

With deepest sympathy,

Dr. George Chiampas
Chairman of the Board
Hellenic American Leadership Council

Washington, DC: U.S. Congressman Gus Bilirakis released the following statement after President-Elect Donald J. Trump announced that Florida’s U.S. Senator Marco Rubio will serve as Secretary of State.

“I am thrilled that my good friend and fellow Floridian, Senator Marco Rubio has been named the incoming Secretary of State by President-Elect Donald Trump. Senator Rubio is an America-First leader and has proven himself to be a thoughtful and effective policymaker who understands the importance of leading from a position of strength. He understands the threats posed by our adversaries and knows how to build consensus with our allies. As a Cuban-American whose family was forced to flee their homeland, Senator Rubio is also acutely aware of the evils of Socialism and brutal regimes. As Co-Chairman of several Congressional Caucuses including: International Religious Freedom, Hellenic Affairs, and the Hellenic-Israel Alliance, I am particularly encouraged by what Senator Rubio’s appointment will mean for US interests and alliances in the Eastern Mediterranean. “Senator Rubio was my partner in authoring the Eastern Mediterranean Security and Energy Partnership Act and the US-Greece Defense and Interparliamentary Partnership Act, which were both signed into law by President Trump. These initiatives strengthened the defense partnership between the United States and Greece, by supporting Greek military modernization and multilateral security efforts between Cyprus, Greece, Israel, and the United States. In addition to championing these measures during his first Administration, President Trump held Turkey accountable for its violations of religious freedom against the Patriarchate and other religious minorities. In fact, the Trump Administration was the first to impose sanctions against Turkey. I know the second Trump Administration with Marco Rubio in charge of the State Department will continue to hold Turkish President Erdogan accountable, specifically by not letting Turkey back into the F-35 program due to its acquisition of Russia’s S-400 missile defense system. With Secretary Rubio in the new administration, we will continue to grow our defense and energy cooperation in the Eastern Mediterranean and Southern Europe, specifically with LNG projects and greater connectivity for the region. A more connected and united Eastern Mediterranean will result in more prosperity, stability, and peace. I know that Senator Rubio will make a tremendous Secretary of State who will prioritize American interests around the globe, strengthen partnerships with our allies and help facilitate stability and peace wherever possible. I cannot wait to get to work with him,” said U.S. Congressman Gus Bilirakis.

The Hellenic American Leadership Council (HALC) urges a reconsideration of Turkey’s classification in the recently released 2024 Annual Report. In that report, despite a growing trend of violations of religious freedom by Turkey, the country was classified as a country on USCIRF’s Special Watch List. We request that you reconsider your designation, as it is clear that Turkey should properly be categorized as a Country of Particular Concern (CPC).

Turkey’s recent actions have raised serious concerns regarding religious freedom, particularly with regard to its treatment of Christian communities and heritage sites. Of particular concern is the conversion last week of Chora Church, a historically significant Christian landmark, into a mosque. Despite operating as a museum for decades, last week, Chora Church was opened to Muslim worshippers. Curtains now cover the Byzantine mosaics of Jesus and of Mary with the infant Jesus.

This conversion, just a few years after the conversion of UNESCO World Heritage Site Hagia Sophia, represents the Turkish government’s troubling trend of disregarding both religious freedom as well as cultural heritage.

In 2012, the Commission designated Turkey a Country of Particular Concern, citing the “systematic and egregious limitations on the freedom of religion or belief that affect all religious communities in Turkey.” Specifically, in designating Turkey a CPC, the Commission listed as factors the continued closure of Halki Seminary and Turkey’s continuous interference “with religious communities’ internal affairs, especially for minority faiths, including their rights to train clergy and provide religious education, and has hindered their right to own property and build and maintain houses of worship.” The Commission in 2012 also noted Turkey’s continued occupation of the northern part of Cyprus resulting in “1) the inability of Orthodox Christians, other religious communities, and clergy to access and hold services at their places of worship and cemeteries in the north, particularly those in Turkish military bases and zones; 2) the disrepair of churches and cemeteries and issues relating to the preservation of religious heritage, such as iconography, mosaics, and other religious symbols; and 3) the lack of schools and opportunities for young people in the north, which has led to an exodus of Greek Cypriots and other religious minorities.”

The situation today is far worse than the circumstances which prompted the Commission to designate Turkey a CPC in 2012. Today, the Ecumenical Patriarchate and the Ecumenical Patriarch are still denied their rights by the Turkish government. Halki Seminary remains closed, despite international calls for its reopening. Churches have been converted into mosques — including the UNESCO World Heritage site of Hagia Sophia in 2020 and just last week, the conversion of Chora Church. The deterioration of religious freedom in Turkey since 2012 merits more pressure on Turkey to bring its laws, policies, and practices in line with international law, not less.

In addition to more accurately categorizing Turkey’s conduct, we also urge the Commission to resume reporting on Christians and Christian heritage sites in occupied Cyprus. The religious freedom of this community continues to be undermined by the actions of the Turkish government. It is imperative that their plight be accurately documented and brought to the attention of the international community.

We urge the Commission to reevaluate Turkey’s classification and to designate it as a Country of Particular Concern in recognition of the ongoing threats to religious freedom both within its borders as well as the occupied part of Cyprus.

Thank you for your attention to this matter. We look forward to your continued efforts in promoting religious freedom and human rights around the world.

May 1, 2024

Today Representatives Chris Pappas (NH-01), Gus Bilirakis (FL-12), Nicole Malliotakis (NY-11), Dina Titus (NV-01), co-chairs and vice co-chairs of the Hellenic Caucus, introduced the End the Cyprus Embargo Act, bipartisan legislation that would extend the waiver renewal period for the arms embargo on the Republic of Cyprus from one year to five years. This change will bolster the historic growth in U.S.-Cypriot relations, enhance bilateral cooperation, and advance U.S. security interests in the Eastern Mediterranean. The legislation was introduced ahead of the 50th anniversary of Turkey’s illegal invasion and occupation of northern Cyprus.

Over the past two decades, U.S.-Cyprus relations have strengthened substantially, with Cyprus emerging as a pivotal ally for U.S. interests and regional stability. The Eastern Mediterranean Security and Energy Partnership Act of 2019 authorized the President to waive the arms embargo on an annual basis. However, the annual renewal requirement restricts Cyprus’s ability to plan and procure U.S. defense articles effectively, compromises U.S.-Cypriot military interoperability, impedes joint research on cybersecurity and maritime security, and diminishes the effectiveness of the National Guard State Partnership Program in Cyprus.

“The Republic of Cyprus is a steadfast, democratic ally in the Eastern Mediterranean. It’s time U.S. policy better reflects Cyprus’s role as an essential partner in our collective security architecture in the region,” said Congressman Pappas. “This change will further empower U.S.-Cyprus bilateral relations, support our mutual commitment to collaboration on security and defense, and improve their ability for long-term planning and procurement.”

“Cyprus has proven itself to be a valued and reliable partner for the United States,” said Congressman Bilirakis. “Giving Cyprus planning certainty will allow the partnership to continue to flourish and will prove mutually beneficial for both nations and our allies.”

“Cyprus is a key partner in the Mediterranean and the U.S. must continue making efforts to improve diplomatic relations between our two countries,” said Congresswoman Titus. “Reducing the number of necessary embargo reviews for aid to Cyprus will allow this important ally to strategically plan for the future while supporting U.S. security interests abroad.”

“For too long, the United States has maintained an outdated and counterproductive embargo on the sale of defense materials and services to the Republic of Cyprus,” Congresswoman Malliotakis said. “Our legislation seeks to correct this by recognizing Cyprus as a key strategic partner in the Eastern Mediterranean and allow for the responsible export of U.S. defense items to support our shared security interests. By strengthening Cyprus’s ability to defend itself, we can promote greater stability in the region.”

“AHI congratulates Congressman Chris Pappas for introducing critical and meaningful legislation, the “End the Cyprus Embargo Act.” Cyprus has been unfairly subject to an arms prohibition for decades, an injustice that AHI has sought to correct for a long time. Progress has been made on this issue, and Rep. Pappas’ legislation will cement existing gains and create further progress. Ultimately, AHI looks forward to the day Cyprus is removed from the International Traffic in Arms Regulation (ITAR) list altogether to make it eligible to acquire U.S. defense articles and defense services without conditions, especially because the United States values Cyprus as a strategic partner. We thank Rep. Pappas for his outstanding leadership on this issue, and all other issues of concern regarding the Eastern Mediterranean region,” said Nick Larigakis, President of the American Hellenic Institute.

“The 2020 lifting of the U.S. arms embargo on Cyprus, pursuant to the Eastern Mediterranean Security and Energy Partnership Act, was a milestone in the U.S.-Cyprus bilateral relationship. It has already proven to have a positive effect on the increasingly integrated Eastern Mediterranean. As Cyprus continues to demonstrate its value as an essential partner of the U.S. and Israel in efforts to advance peace, stability, and cooperation in the East Med, the End the Cyprus Embargo Act will help continue this vital momentum. We appreciate the bipartisan effort led by Representatives Chris Pappas, Gus Bilirakis, Dina Titus, and Nicole Malliotakis in bringing this legislation forward,” said Ted Deutch, CEO of American Jewish Committee.

“FDD Action strongly supports the “End the Cyprus Embargo Act”. Cyprus is an important U.S. partner in the Eastern Mediterranean and has been instrumental in efforts to combat terrorism, fight sanctions evasion, and counter money laundering. Cyprus is also working with key allies such as Israel to facilitate humanitarian aid to Gaza. Given this valuable cooperation as well as its demonstrated record of responsible conduct, Cyprus should be able to purchase weapons and munitions for its security. This legislation would provide Cyprus with the resources to protect its sovereignty and improve interoperability with the U.S. military, deepening an already strong and productive partnership,” said FDD Action.

“5 years ago, Congress took a huge step to correct a policy that was preventing the US-Cyprus security relationship from functioning. While the annual waiver of the Cyprus arms embargo has been a welcome development, Representatives Pappas, Bilirakis, Malliotakis and Titus have correctly concluded that it does not allow US-Cyprus security cooperation to be optimized to the level required by regional challenges. Congress leads again and the U.S., Cyprus and the Western alliance will all be stronger once this legislation passes,” said Endy Zemenides, Executive Director of Hellenic American Leadership Council.

“The International Coordinating Committee Justice for Cyprus (PSEKA) applauds and supports the efforts of Rep. Pappas to put an end to the Cyprus Embargo Act. As we do for Ukraine, who is a victim of an illegal invasion, the United States should not only end the Embargo, but it should provide military assistance to our strategic partner, Cyprus,” said Philip Christopher, President of the International Coordinating Committee Justice for Cyprus (PSEKA).

The End the Cyprus Embargo Act will solidify U.S.-Cypriot relations, foster long-term planning and cooperation, and ensure interoperability with regional allies. Specifically, this legislation will:

• Extend the waiver renewal period for the arms embargo from one year to five years.
• Permit the President to reconsider the arms embargo waiver only every five years following its enactment.
• Prohibit the President from terminating the waiver unless Congress receives certification that the Republic of Cyprus is no longer:
• Cooperating with U.S. efforts to implement anti-money laundering regulations and financial oversight reforms; and
• Denying Russian military vessels access to ports for refueling and servicing.

This legislation is supported by the American Hellenic Institute (AHI), the American Jewish Committee (AJC), Coordinated Effort of Hellenes, FDD Action, the Hellenic American Leadership Council (HALC), and PSKEA (International Coordinating Committee — Justice for Cyprus).

WASHINGTON, D.C. — Today, U.S. Reps. Grace Meng (D-NY), Chris Pappas (D-NH), and Brad Schneider (D-IL), leaders in the Congressional Hellenic Caucus, Congressional Hellenic Israel Alliance, and Abraham Accords Caucus, led a bipartisan letter to Secretary of State Antony Blinken and National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan expressing support for the Cyprus-led Amalthea maritime humanitarian corridor to increase the amount of humanitarian aid reaching Palestinian civilians in Gaza, as well as continued efforts to reach an agreement between Israel and Hamas to release remaining hostages in exchange for a temporary pause in fighting.

The Amalthea maritime humanitarian corridor allows aid and supplies to flow from staging areas in the Republic of Cyprus to ports in Gaza, presenting a critical opportunity to provide short-term relief to prevent a humanitarian crisis, while ensuring long-term regional stability. The corridor addresses Israel’s security concerns and prevents Hamas from replenishing military capabilities or resources. Since the start of the campaign to defeat Hamas and secure the release of the hostages, over 22,105 trucks have brought 416,460 tons of humanitarian aid into Gaza. The maritime corridor represents yet another mechanism to increase the amount of humanitarian aid to Palestinian civilians in Gaza, while strengthening the United States, European, and allied Arab relations in the Eastern Mediterranean.

“The Cyprus-led Amalthea Maritime Corridor is a testament to the years-long partnership between Israel, Cyprus, and the Eastern Mediterranean spearheaded by U.S. leadership,” said Rep. Meng. “As Israel’s war to defeat Hamas continues, this corridor will help support efforts from Israel and the international community to surge humanitarian aid — food, water, and medicine — to Palestinian civilians in Gaza without reinforcing Hamas. Hamas, which just rejected yet another offer to release the hostages in exchange for a temporary ceasefire, must face increased pressure to agree to a deal. The 134 hostages who have remained in captivity for almost 200 days, must be brought home. I am proud to join my colleagues in supporting this effort to increase this urgent humanitarian aid, and I urge Secretary Blinken and National Security Advisor Sullivan to sustain and build on it.”

“I applaud Cyprus for leading the Amalthea humanitarian maritime corridor which will support the delivery of life-sustaining humanitarian aid to Palestinian civilians in Gaza. These deliveries will help innocent civilians without the aid falling into Hamas’s hands as we continue to prioritize an agreement for a temporary ceasefire in exchange for the release of Israeli hostages,” said Rep. Pappas.

“Hamas continues to launch rockets into Israel and is still holding more than 130 people — including 8 Americans — hostage. Hamas has so far rejected all cease fire proposals facilitated by Egypt, Qatar and the United States. With each passing day, more Gazans fall into despair and the need for humanitarian aid increases, making it essential we utilize the Amalthea corridor to provide aid and relief to Palestinian civilians in Gaza. In addition to other points of entry established through American diplomatic leadership and partnership with Israel, the sea-based corridor is a critical pathway for delivering food, water and medical supplies to people in Gaza while also ensuring supplies are not used to aid Hamas’s military capabilities. I’m grateful for President Biden’s leadership which has been critical for helping bring more than 100 hostages home, as well as providing desperately needed relief to civilians in Gaza. I join my colleagues in urging we do all we can to increase the amount of aid provided through the Amalthea corridor,” said Rep. Schneider.

“The government of Cyprus has been unequivocal in its support for Israel since Hamas’ brutal attacks on 10/7, consistently reaffirming Israel’s right to defense and calling for the release of the hostages. AJC is grateful for Cyprus’ friendship with Israel and the Jewish people. Critically, Cyprus is also heeding a call from the international community regarding the necessity of increasing flow and distribution of aid to Palestinians in Gaza. Amidst much tragedy and devastation, and loss of too many Israeli and Palestinian lives, Cyprus’ principled leadership must be heralded. The U.S. should continue to work towards realizing the maritime humanitarian corridor to help pave the vital path forward,” said Ted Deutch, CEO, American Jewish Committee (AJC).

“The strategic partnership between the Republic of Cyprus and the United States has consistently contributed to a safer and more stable Eastern Mediterranean. Once again, Cyprus has proved itself more a solution than a problem. The Amalthea Maritime Corridor will get humanitarian relief to Palestinian civilians without enabling Hamas to continue its terrorist attacks on Israel. Bravo to Representatives Meng, Pappas and Schneider for rallying Congressional support for this important initiative,” said Endy Zemenides, Executive Director Hellenic American Leadership Council.

As a member of the European Union located in the Mediterranean, Cyprus has a unique ability to act as a facilitator between countries providing aid and those dispensing it to civilians in Gaza. Programs like the Cyprus Center for Land Open Seas and Port Security (CYCLOPS) and the Zenon Joint Rescue Coordination Center (JRCC) have built expertise in maritime-focused missions, developed a network of skilled security practitioners, and strengthened regional ties to support the close cooperation needed to ensure success. Located within ten miles of Larnaca International Airport and Larnaca Port, CYCLOPS and JRCC are well-positioned to provide the coordination and logistics needed to support humanitarian operations and international partners in the Eastern Mediterranean and beyond.

April 7, 2024, marked six months since Hamas murdered over 1,200 Israelis and took more than 240 hostages. At this time, 133 hostages remain in Gaza as ceasefire negotiations continue in Cairo, Egypt between Israel and Hamas. The letter urges increased pressure on Hamas, which has rejected multiple deals to free the hostages.

The bipartisan letter is also signed by 19 other Members of Congress including: Jake Auchincloss (D-MA), Yadira Caraveo (D-CO), Steve Cohen (D-TN), Jim Costa (D-CA), Lois Frankel (D-FL), Sylvia Garcia (D-TX), Josh Gottheimer (D-NJ), Greg Landsman (D-OH), Ted Lieu (D-CA), Seth Magaziner (D-RI), Nicole Malliotakis (R-NY), Joseph Morelle (D-NY), Jared Moskowitz (D-FL), Frank Pallone (D-NJ), John Sarbanes (D-MD), Haley Stevens (D-MI), Dina Titus (D-NV), David Trone (D-MD), and Debbie Wasserman-Schultz (D-FL). It is supported by the Hellenic American Leadership Council (HALC) and the American Jewish Committee (AJC).

A copy of the letter can be viewed here.

Meng also serves as a member of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on State and Foreign Operations, which funds the State Department.

# # #

Washington, D.C. –Nearly two million Americans claim Greek ancestry. Representatives Bilirakis and Pappas who serve as Co-Chairs of the Hellenic Caucus are joined by their colleagues, including: Representatives Pappas, Malliotakis, Pallone, Titus, Sarbanes, Meng and Magaziner in sponsoring a resolution to commemorate the 203rd anniversary of Greek Independence. The resolution emphasizes the hard-fought struggle for independence of the Greek people, and the historic and dynamic relationship that defines the deep American-Hellenic ties.

“It is with great pride that I recognize the 203rd Anniversary of Greek Independence and celebrate Greek and American democracy. Like the American revolutionaries who fought for independence and established this great republic we call the ‘Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave’, Greek freedom fighters began an arduous struggle to win independence for Greece and its people 203 years ago. The lessons the Greeks taught us then continue to provide strength to victims of persecution throughout the world today. By honoring the Greek struggle for independence, we reaffirm the values and ideas that make our nation great. Each time I perform my constitutional duties, I am doing so in the legacy of the ancient Greeks and our American forefathers. We celebrate Greek independence to reaffirm the common democratic heritage we share. As Americans, we must continue to pursue this spirit of freedom and liberty that characterizes both great nations,” said Congressman Bilirakis.

“It’s my pleasure to join my fellow Greek-Americans and colleagues of the Hellenic Caucus in commemorating the upcoming 203rd anniversary of Greek Independence,” said Congressman Pappas. “This day marks the beginning of the Greeks’ fight for freedom and serves as a reminder of their courage and determination for independence after nearly 400 years of occupation by the Ottoman Empire. Greece’s fight for sovereignty mirrors the United States’ own fight for independence and further unites our nations with a shared commitment to freedom and to democracy. As we recognize the anniversary of Greek Independence, we honor those lost in the pursuit of freedom.”

“As the daughter of a Greek immigrant from the island of Crete, I’m proud to join my colleagues in commemorating the 203rd anniversary of Greece’s independence from the Ottoman Empire,” said Congresswoman Malliotakis. “Today Americans share many of the same values as our Greek brothers and sisters, including patriotism, a strong work ethic, and the love for freedom, democracy, and opportunity. I look forward to working with my colleagues on both sides of the aisle to continue strengthening the bilateral relations between our two countries.”

“The United States remains steadfast in our bipartisan support for Greece. With this bill, we congratulate Greece on their Independence Day, demonstrate our countries’ shared work together in the past, and commit to our strong partnership now and in the future,” said Congressman Pallone. “I look forward to many more years of friendship between our countries.”

“As a member of the Hellenic Caucus and proud Greek-American, I am excited to join colleagues from both sides of the aisle in recognizing the 203rd anniversary of Greek Independence,” said Rep. Dina Titus. “Greece is the birthplace of modern democracy and together the United States and Greece have been a beacon of those democratic values around the world. I look forward to the continued growth of our partnership.”

“As a Greek American, I take special pride in joining my colleagues to recognize the 203rd anniversary of Greek Independence,” said Rep. Sarbanes. “The stories of Greece and America are intertwined. The Greeks developed the concept of democracy that inspired our political system and the ideals enshrined in the U.S. Declaration of Independence influenced Greece’s fight for self-determination. I am proud of our countries’ continued friendship and steadfast partnership in promoting peace and stability worldwide.”

“Queens is home to a vibrant Greek community, making me even more proud to celebrate Greek independence each year,” said Congresswoman Grace Meng (NY-06). “As a member of the bipartisan Congressional Hellenic Caucus, I am committed to continuing to strengthen the bond between our countries. I join my colleagues in congratulating Greece on 203 years of independence as we look forward to many years of continued friendship.”

“It’s an honor to represent a strong and vibrant Greek American community in Rhode Island, who makes countless positive contributions to our state and country,” said Rep. Seth Magaziner. “Greece is a vital ally of the United States, and I will continue to work together to strengthen ties between our two nations and promote our shared democratic values on the international stage.”

Latest developments

On December 7, 2023, Turkish President Recip Tayyip Erdogan made his first visit to Athens since 2017. He and Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis focused the landmark visit on promoting a positive vision for the future of the bilateral relationship. Both parties signed the “Athens Declaration on Friendly Relations and Good-Neighborliness,” a non-binding document listing a cooperation agenda that ranges from encouraging mutual economic activity to minimizing military tension. This meeting stands in stark contrast to President Erdogan’s last visit to Greece in 2017, when he openly called for revising the Lausanne Treaty.

There is no issue between us that is unsolvable. So long as we focus on the big picture and don’t end up being like those who cross the sea and drown in the river.

President Erdogan after meeting with Greek PM Mitsotakis in Athens.

Context

The six years since the last meeting between a Greek Prime Minister and President Erdogan have seen Ankara escalate tensions to historic levels, particularly in the Aegean Sea, where Turkey openly questions Greek sovereignty, and Turkish fighter jets engaged in an unprecedented number of violations of Greek airspace and overflights — many times armed — over inhabited Greek islands. In a ten month span in 2022, Turkey committed 8,880 Greek airspace violations. This is the culmination of a decades long policy whereby Turkey has tried to depict the Aegean as a disputed area. In doing so it has questioned the sovereignty of Greece’s islands in the Aegean, while maintaining a casus belli — threat of war — should Greece exercise its rights under international law and extend its maritime boundaries to 12 nautical miles as spelled out in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. Other issues such as the status of religious minorities in both countries and Turkey’s disagreement with Greece over current international conflicts are also sources of tension, but the Aegean Sea remains at the heart of tensions between the two countries.

Expert analysis

At this meeting, the existence of [the maritime space] difficulty was acknowledged, and the leaders said we have agreed to disagree for now, and it is civilized and good for us to be able to stomach our disagreements without being acrimonious. And that’s a step — for Greece and Turkey, that’s a step forward.

John Psaropoulos, independent journalist and Al Jazeera Southeastern Europe correspondent

The Greek Current, “Mitsotakis and Erdogan commit to ‘calm waters’ in the Aegean,” Dec 8, 2023

The big picture

Whether Erdogan’s apparent change of heart is a good faith attempt at rapprochement remains to be seen. In the last decade alone he has gone from close US ally to having Congressmen suggest Turkey should be expelled from NATO. His swift and polar policy shifts on Russia, Israel, and Armenia suggest that he prioritizes short-term gains when it comes to foreign relations. However, to appear in Athens and agree not to discuss the tense issues, opting instead to focus on improving the relationship, is an overall positive. While Turkey has everything to gain from cooperation with neighbors and NATO allies, Greece and the international community should approach his olive branch with careful acceptance, implementing an approach reminiscent of that President Ronald Reagan took with the USSR: “Trust, but verify.”

Since the beginning of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, Western policy has been focused on preventing Vladimir Putin’s weaponization of energy. Last winter was mild, so Europe’s preparedness measures for adverse conditions in Ukraine were not tested at their limit. This winter may not bring the same luck.

Context

For years, particularly since the invasion of Crimea in 2014, Greece has led Europe in moving its infrastructure away from dependence on Russian energy and toward continental interconnectivity. In 2016, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungary agreed to begin working on the Vertical Gas Corridor, a system of pipelines allowing bidirectional gas flows between northern and southern Europe.

On October 1, 2022, a second gas link between Greece and Bulgaria called the IGB began full operation. These are just two networks that have helped bring about serious changes in Europe’s energy landscape. In 2021, 83% of the EU’s gas was imported, and close to half of that gas was Russian. Now, Europe has drastically reduced its dependence on Russian pipelines and has invested in an integrated continental grid.

Expert analysis

If you think of the energy flows of the 2030s and 40s, they will connect the sunny South with the windy North…That North-South interconnection is going to provide a great balance for the European grid.

Nikos Tsafos, The Greek Current, “Greece’s plan to overhaul the EU’s power grid ahead of green transition,” March 23, 2023

Recent developments

In addition to the growing continental infrastructure, liquified natural gas (LNG) has emerged as an energy alternative that offers more freedom regarding delivery and sourcing. Greece has been a major participant in Europe’s LNG buildout. On January 1, 2024, the Alexandroupolis LNG floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) will begin operating. The FSRU will receive liquified natural gas by ship delivery where it will be processed into natural gas and hence contribute to Greece’s energy needs and Europe’s larger energy network. The EU imports almost half of its LNG from the United States and a significant proportion from Qatar, so the development of FSRU facilities like Alexandroupolis only serves to enhance Europe’s capacity to accommodate diverse energy sources. Furthermore, Greece’s regional leadership with this high-capacity FSRU gives its neighbors in the Balkans more options for energy diversification and ultimately facilitates Europe’s divorce from Russian energy.

We see gas and LNG as a key aspect of our shared interest…that’s why the Alexandroupolis project is so important…because that is a truly regional project with both Serbia and North Macedonia being contracted off-takers and a clear intention of all the regional players to leverage the Alexandroupolis FSRU as a mechanism to reduce dependence on Russian gas and develop alternatives looking to global markets.

Former US Ambassador to Greece Geoffrey Pyatt, Remarks at Center for the Study of Democracy, March 28, 2023

Looking forward

• Greece and the US Agency for International Development have signed a Memorandum of Understanding that will integrate the electrical markets of Greece, North Macedonia, Albania, and Kosovo, expanding Europe’s interconnectivity into the western Balkans, which have previously been seen as a bottleneck for European energy integration.
• COP28, the UN’s conference on climate change, is taking place right now in Dubai, and among the energy options being discussed is the Copelouzos Group’s “Gregy,” a Greece-Egypt interconnector that could further diversify European energy sources and solidify Greece as a regional energy hub and key node in the North-South energy corridor.

• Due to geographic factors, the nations of the eastern Balkans and the Black Sea have historically been locked away from non-Russian energy sources. Increased interconnectivity infrastructure combined with new FSRUs like the one at Alexandroupolis sets Europe on the path to complete decoupling from Russian energy.