- OS<\/li>
- Time<\/li>
- Math<\/li>
- MatPlotlib <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nMechanism of Python Modules<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
![\"Python](\"https:\/\/www.askpython.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Python-Module-Mechansim.png\")
Python Module Mechanism<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n The moment a module is imported through a program, Python Interpreter fetches the module from either of the following locations:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- Program Directory<\/li>
- The directory in the PYTHONPATH variable<\/li>
- Default directory<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nListing of Modules<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
The list of available modules in Python can be found out by executing the following command in the command prompt (interpreter shell).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
>>> help(“module”)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
![\"Python](\"https:\/\/www.askpython.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Python-Module-List-1024x576.png\")
Python Module List<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nImporting modules from Python Standard path<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Syntax<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
import module_name<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Example:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
import math<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nImporting Modules from other Sources<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
To fetch and use modules from other and new sources, we need to install Python PIP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Python pip is a software that installs python modules from index or using a manager like Anaconda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Run the following command to install modules from new sources using python pip:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
python -m pip3 install module_name<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Run the following command to install modules from new sources using Ananconda:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
conda install module_name<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Example: Steps to install numpy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
python -m pip3 install numpy
conda install numpy
sudo apt install python3-numpy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nExample: Built-in Modules<\/h2>\n\n\n
\nimport math \n\nprint (math.sqrt(121)) \n\nprint (math.pi) \n\nprint (dir(math))\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
Output<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
11.0
3.141592653589793
[‘doc’, ‘loader’, ‘name’, ‘package’, ‘spec’, ‘acos’, ‘acosh’, ‘asin’, ‘asinh’, ‘atan’, ‘atan2’, ‘atanh’, ‘ceil’, ‘copysign
‘, ‘cos’, ‘cosh’, ‘degrees’, ‘e’, ‘erf’, ‘erfc’, ‘exp’, ‘expm1’, ‘fabs’, ‘factorial’, ‘floor’, ‘fmod’, ‘frexp’, ‘fsum’, ‘gamma’, ‘hypot’, ‘isf
inite’, ‘isinf’, ‘isnan’, ‘ldexp’, ‘lgamma’, ‘log’, ‘log10’, ‘log1p’, ‘log2’, ‘modf’, ‘pi’, ‘pow’, ‘radians’, ‘sin’, ‘sinh’, ‘sqrt’, ‘tan’, ‘t
anh’, ‘trunc’] <\/p>\n\n\n\nIn the above example, dir() method gives the function name, variables, etc in the math module. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nVariable in a Module<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Apart from methods and classes, A module can also contain variables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Example<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n
\nFruit = {\n "name": "Apple",\n "color": "Green"\n}\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\nSave the above snippet of code in the file Module1.py<\/p>\n\n\n
\nimport Module1\n\nx = Module1.Fruit["name"]\nprint(x)\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Apple<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In the above piece of code, Module1 is imported and functionality is performed on it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nDifference between a module and a package in Python<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Python Module<\/strong>: These are set of pre-defined files that contain the python codes which depict the basic functionalities of class, methods, variables, etc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Python Package<\/strong>: It is a directory that holds and contains modules and sub-packages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nReferences<\/h2>\n\n\n\n