{"id":19585,"date":"2021-07-06T18:10:10","date_gmt":"2021-07-06T18:10:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.askpython.com\/?p=19585"},"modified":"2021-07-06T18:10:10","modified_gmt":"2021-07-06T18:10:10","slug":"calculate-square-root","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.askpython.com\/python\/examples\/calculate-square-root","title":{"rendered":"4 Methods to Calculate Square Root in Python"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In this tutorial, we are going to discuss the different ways to calculate square root in Python.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

What is a square root?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In Mathematics, a square root<\/strong> of a number ‘p<\/em>‘ is a number ‘q<\/em>‘ which follows the condition p = q2<\/sup><\/strong>. In Python, we have so many methods to calculate the square root of numbers. Let’s discuss some well-known methods in Python to calculate the square root of numbers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Calculate square root using the exponent operator<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In this method, we will define our own function to find the square root of a number. And to calculate the square root of a number we will be using the exponent operator (**<\/code>) in Python. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The defined function will take a number as an argument and return the square root of the number if it’s positive else it will print a warning. Let’s implement this in Python code.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n# Define the user defined sqrt() function\n# to calculate the square root of a number\ndef sqrt(N):\n    if N < 0:\n        print('Square root of negative number does not exist!')\n        return\n    else:\n        print(f'Square root of number {N}: {N**0.5}')\n        return\n\n# Call the above defined sqrt() function\n# to calculate the square root of a number\nsqrt(441)\nsqrt(0.81)\nsqrt(6.25)\nsqrt(634)\nsqrt(-121)\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n
\nSquare root of number 441: 21.0 \nSquare root of number 0.81: 0.9 \nSquare root of number 6.25: 2.5 \nSquare root of number 634: 25.179356624028344\nSquare root of negative number does not exist!\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
2. Using the sqrt() function<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
In Python, the sqrt()<\/code> function is a predefined function that is defined in the math module<\/a>. The sqrt()<\/code> function returns the square root of the number passed as an argument. Let’s see how we can use the built-in sqrt()<\/code> function in a Python program.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n# Import Python math module\nimport math as m\n\n# Call the predefined sqrt() function\n# to calculate the square root of a number\nprint(f'Square root of number 121: {m.sqrt(121)}')\nprint(f'Square root of number 0.49: {m.sqrt(0.49)}')\nprint(f'Square root of number 4.41: {m.sqrt(4.41)}')\nprint(f'Square root of number 265: {m.sqrt(265)}')\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n
\nSquare root of number 121: 11.0 \nSquare root of number 0.49: 0.7 \nSquare root of number 4.41: 2.1\nSquare root of number 265: 16.278820596099706\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
NOTE:<\/strong> If a negative number is passed as an argument to the built-in sqrt() function then it will throw a math domain error<\/strong>. Let’s see an example.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n# Import Python math module\nimport math as m\n\n# Call the predefined sqrt() function\n# to calculate the square root of a negative number\nm.sqrt(-125)\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Math
math domain error: sqrt()<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
3. Using the pow() function<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
In this method to calculate square root, we will be using the built-in pow() function<\/a>. In Python, the pow()<\/code> function is a predefined function that is defined in the math<\/code> module. The pow()<\/code> function takes two arguments one is base and the other is the exponent\/power and returns the square root of the number (base<\/strong>) passed as the first argument. To calculate the square root the exponent\/power argument is fixed to 0.5<\/strong>. Let’s see how we can use the built-in pow()<\/code> function in a Python program.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n# Import Python math module\nimport math as m\n\n# Call the predefined pow() function\n# to calculate the square root of a number\nprint(f'Square root of number 625: {m.pow(625, 0.5)}')\nprint(f'Square root of number 0.64: {m.pow(0.64, 0.5)}')\nprint(f'Square root of number 1.21: {m.pow(1.21, 0.5)}')\nprint(f'Square root of number 7: {m.pow(7, 0.5)}')\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n
\nSquare root of number 625: 25.0 \nSquare root of number 0.64: 0.8 \nSquare root of number 1.21: 1.1 \nSquare root of number 7: 2.6457513110645907\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
NOTE: <\/strong>Here also if a negative number is passed as an argument to the built-in pow()<\/code> function then it will throw a math domain error<\/strong>. Let’s see an example.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n# Import Python math module\nimport math as m\n\n# Call the predefined pow() function\n# to calculate the square root of a negative number\nm.pow(-121, 0.5)\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Math
math domain error: pow()<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
4. Using built-in np.sqrt() function<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
In this method of finding the square root, we will be using the built-in np.sqrt()<\/code> function. In Python, the np.sqrt()<\/code> function is a predefined function that is defined in the numpy module<\/a>. The np.sqrt()<\/code> function returns a numpy array<\/strong> where each element is the square root of the corresponding element in the numpy array passed as an argument. Let’s see how we can use the built-in np.sqrt()<\/code> function in a Python program.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n# Import Python numpy module\nimport numpy as np\n\n# Define a numpy array\narr = np.array([0, 225, 0.36, 6.25, 10, -15])\nprint('NumPy array:')\nprint(arr)\n\n# Call the predefined np.sqrt() function\n# to calculate the square root of each element\n# in the numpy array\nprint('Returned NumPy array with Square roots:')\nprint(np.sqrt(arr))\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n
\nNumPy array: \n[  0.   225.     6.25  10.   -15.  ]\nReturned NumPy array with Square roots: \n[ 0.         15.          2.5         3.16227766         nan] \n&lt;ipython-input-29-541b85f9361a>:13: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in sqrt   print(np.sqrt(arr))\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n
NOTE:<\/strong> If there is a negative number in the numpy array<\/strong> and it is passed to the built-in np.sqrt()<\/code> function then it will throw a RuntimeWarning<\/strong> saying that an invalid value is encountered in sqrt. And set a nan<\/strong> value at the place of the square root of the negative element in the returned numpy array.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
In this tutorial, we have learned the different ways to calculate the square root of numbers in Python. We have also learned how to use Python functions like math.sqrt()<\/code>, math.pow()<\/code>, and numpy.sqrt()<\/code>. Hope you have understood the things well and are excited to explore and learn more.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
In this tutorial, we are going to discuss the different ways to calculate square root in Python. What is a square root? In Mathematics, a square root of a number ‘p‘ is a number ‘q‘ which follows the condition p = q2. In Python, we have so many methods to calculate the square root of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":19672,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19585","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-examples"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.askpython.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19585","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.askpython.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.askpython.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.askpython.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/33"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.askpython.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19585"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.askpython.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19585\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.askpython.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19672"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.askpython.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19585"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.askpython.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19585"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.askpython.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19585"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}