Game Design on Terminal<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\nThe top end of the board hides the secret code and is revealed when the player is out of chances or breaks the code. Until that moment, “UNK”<\/em> for “unknown”<\/em> is shown.<\/p>\n\n\n\nEach section of the board denotes a turn made by the player. The game supports six colors, RED<\/span>, GREEN<\/span>, YELLOW<\/span>, BLUE<\/span>, BLACK, ORANGE<\/span>. The leftmost panel denotes the clues based on each turn. ‘W’ for WHITE and ‘R’ for RED are used with the original meaning behind them <\/p>\n\n\n\nIn the figure displayed above, three of the four colors selected by the user are correct, but neither of them is the correct position according to the secret code, hence three ‘W’s in the clues.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n# Function to print the mastermind board\ndef print_mastermind_board(passcode, guess_codes, guess_flags):\n\n\tprint("-----------------------------------------")\n\tprint("\\t MASTERMIND")\n\tprint("-----------------------------------------")\n\n\tprint(" |", end="")\n\tfor x in passcode:\n\t\tprint("\\t" + x[:3], end="")\n\tprint()\t\n\n\tfor i in reversed(range(len(guess_codes))):\n\t\tprint("-----------------------------------------")\n\t\tprint(guess_flags[i][0], guess_flags[i][1], "|")\n\t\t\n\n\t\tprint(guess_flags[i][2], guess_flags[i][3], end=" |")\n\t\tfor x in guess_codes[i]:\n\t\t\tprint("\\t" + x[:3], end="")\n\n\t\tprint()\t\n\tprint("-----------------------------------------")\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\nThe above code snippet is responsible for displaying the mastermind board on the Terminal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Data Structures – Game variables<\/h2>\n\n\n\n For the convenient development of the game logic, we need a few data structures. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
colors<\/code> – A list of colors involved in the game<\/li>colors_map<\/code> – A mapping between numbers and the colors<\/li>passcode<\/code> – The secret code<\/li>show_passcode<\/code> – The secret code to be shown to the user, a list of Unknowns<\/li>guess_code<\/code> – A list of lists of guesses made by the player<\/li>guess_flags<\/code> – A list of lists of clues given to the player<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n# The Main function\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n\n\t# List of colors\n\tcolors = ["RED", "GREEN", "YELLOW", "BLUE", "BLACK", "ORANGE"]\n\n\t# Mapping of colors to numbers\t\n\tcolors_map = {1:"RED", 2:"GREEN", 3:"YELLOW", 4:"BLUE", 5:"BLACK", 6:"ORANGE"}\n\n\t# Randomly selecting a passcode\n\trandom.shuffle(colors)\n\tpasscode = colors[:4]\n\t\n\t# Number of chances for the player\n\tchances = 8\n\n\t# The passcode to be shown to the user\n\tshow_passcode = ['UNK', 'UNK', 'UNK', 'UNK']\n\n\t# The codes guessed by the player each turn\n\tguess_codes = [['-', '-', '-', '-'] for x in range(chances)]\n\n\t# The clues provided to the player each turn\n\tguess_flags = [['-', '-', '-', '-'] for x in range(chances)]\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\nEach of these data structures come handy when dealing with game logic for our implementation of Mastermind game.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The Game loop<\/h2>\n\n\n\n One of the most crucial parts of game development is the game loop, which is responsible for the proper functioning of the player moves and updates to game variables.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n# The current turn\nturn = 0\n\n# The GAME LOOP\nwhile turn < chances:\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\nThe Game Loop is dependent on the number of chances and the current turn. It is supposed to stop the game whenever the player’s chances are exhausted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The Game Menu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n The Game Menu is as a simple aspect of the game, which helps the programmer to interact with the player with instructions or rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Our Game Menu looks like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Game Menu<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n# The GAME MENU\nprint("-----------------------------------------")\nprint("\\t\\tMenu")\nprint("-----------------------------------------")\nprint("Enter code using numbers.")\nprint("1 - RED, 2 - GREEN, 3 - YELLOW, 4 - BLUE, 5 - BLACK, 6 - ORANGE")\nprint("Example: RED YELLOW ORANGE BLACK ---> 1 3 6 5")\nprint("-----------------------------------------")\nprint_mastermind_board(show_passcode, guess_codes, guess_flags)\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\nThe game menu must be plain and apt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Handling the Player Input<\/h2>\n\n\n\n Handling player input involves three basic steps: Accepting the player input, applying some sanity checks on it, and if everything is in order, storing it into our data structures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Accepting the Player Input<\/h3>\n\n\n\n As mentioned in the game menu, the player needs to enter four numbers, each corresponding to a specific color, separated by spaces. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Our job is to parse this player input into a list of integers for retrieving the proper colors. <\/p>\n\n\n
\n# Accepting the player input \ntry:\t\n\tcode = list(map(int, input("Enter your choice = ").split()))\nexcept ValueError:\n\tclear()\n\tprint("\\tWrong choice!! Try again!!")\n\tcontinue\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\nNote:<\/strong> The clear()<\/code> function is responsible for keeping the terminal clean, by flushing out the previous output. It requires Python’s os<\/code> library.<\/p>Check the complete code below for function declaration of clear()<\/code>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\nApplying sanity checks<\/h3>\n\n\n\n Next up is doing some sanity checks on the player input.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n# Check if the number of colors nunbers are 4\nif len(code) != 4:\n\tclear()\n\tprint("\\tWrong choice!! Try again!!")\n\tcontinue\n\n# Check if each number entered corresponds to a number\nflag = 0\nfor x in code:\n\tif x > 6 or x < 1:\n\t\tflag = 1\n\nif flag == 1:\t\t\t\n\tclear()\n\tprint("\\tWrong choice!! Try again!!")\n\tcontinue\t\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\nStoring the player moves<\/h3>\n\n\n\n After we know the player has made a valid move, we can store it in the game containers.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n# Storing the player moves\nfor i in range(4):\n\tguess_codes[turn][i] = colors_map[code[i]]\t\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\nSet up the clues for each move<\/h2>\n\n\n\n There are two set of flags to be assigned, ‘R’ if a color is in the right position as in the secret code, and ‘W’ if the color is right but in the wrong position.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n# Process to apply clues according to the player input\t\ndummy_passcode = [x for x in passcode]\t\n\npos = 0\n\n# Loop to set up clues for the player move\nfor x in code:\n\tif colors_map[x] in dummy_passcode:\n\t\tif code.index(x) == passcode.index(colors_map[x]):\n\t\t\tguess_flags[turn][pos] = 'R'\n\t\telse:\n\t\t\tguess_flags[turn][pos] = 'W'\n\t\tpos += 1\n\t\tdummy_passcode.remove(colors_map[x])\n\nrandom.shuffle(guess_flags[turn])\t\t\t\t\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\nOne small thing to remember is rearranging the flags, since it may give hints related to the positions of colors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Check for the win condition<\/h2>\n\n\n\n All we have to do is check the latest input with the hidden code.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n# Check for win condition\nif guess_codes[turn] == passcode:\n\tclear()\n\tprint_mastermind_board(passcode, guess_codes, guess_flags)\n\tprint("Congratulations!! YOU WIN!!!!")\n\tbreak\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\nAs soon as the player enters the correct code, we display a win message and finish the game.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Update the turn number<\/h2>\n\n\n\n One small yet very important task is to update the turn number after each successful player move.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n# Update turn\t\nturn += 1\t\t\t\nclear()\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\nThe last but not the least is handling the loss condition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Check for the loss condition<\/h2>\n\n\n\n When the player has exhausted the number of chances, the player loses. We need to display appropriate message when this happens. <\/p>\n\n\n
\n# Check for loss condiiton\t\nif turn == chances:\n\tclear()\n\tprint_mastermind_board(passcode, guess_codes, guess_flags)\n\tprint("YOU LOSE!!! Better luck next time!!!")\t\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\nThis concludes the explanation for creating mastermind using Python language.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The Complete Code<\/h2>\n\n\n\nimport random\nimport os\n\ndef clear():\n\tos.system("clear")\n\n# Function to print the mastermind board\ndef print_mastermind_board(passcode, guess_codes, guess_flags):\n\n\n\tprint("-----------------------------------------")\n\tprint("\\t MASTERMIND")\n\tprint("-----------------------------------------")\n\n\tprint(" |", end="")\n\tfor x in passcode:\n\t\tprint("\\t" + x[:3], end="")\n\tprint()\t\n\n\tfor i in reversed(range(len(guess_codes))):\n\t\tprint("-----------------------------------------")\n\t\tprint(guess_flags[i][0], guess_flags[i][1], "|")\n\t\t\n\n\t\tprint(guess_flags[i][2], guess_flags[i][3], end=" |")\n\t\tfor x in guess_codes[i]:\n\t\t\tprint("\\t" + x[:3], end="")\n\n\t\tprint()\t\n\tprint("-----------------------------------------")\n\n# The Main function\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n\n\t# List of colors\n\tcolors = ["RED", "GREEN", "YELLOW", "BLUE", "BLACK", "ORANGE"]\n\n\t# Mapping of colors to numbers\t\n\tcolors_map = {1:"RED", 2:"GREEN", 3:"YELLOW", 4:"BLUE", 5:"BLACK", 6:"ORANGE"}\n\n\t# Randomly selecting a passcode\n\trandom.shuffle(colors)\n\tpasscode = colors[:4]\n\t\n\t# Number of chances for the player\n\tchances = 8\n\n\t# The passcode to be shown to the user\n\tshow_passcode = ['UNK', 'UNK', 'UNK', 'UNK']\n\n\t# The codes guessed by the player each turn\n\tguess_codes = [['-', '-', '-', '-'] for x in range(chances)]\n\n\t# The clues provided to the player each turn\n\tguess_flags = [['-', '-', '-', '-'] for x in range(chances)]\n\t\n\tclear()\n\n\t# The current turn\n\tturn = 0\n\n\t# The GAME LOOP\n\twhile turn < chances:\n\t\t\n\t\tprint("-----------------------------------------")\n\t\tprint("\\t\\tMenu")\n\t\tprint("-----------------------------------------")\n\t\tprint("Enter code using numbers.")\n\t\tprint("1 - RED, 2 - GREEN, 3 - YELLOW, 4 - BLUE, 5 - BLACK, 6 - ORANGE")\n\t\tprint("Example: RED YELLOW ORANGE BLACK ---> 1 3 6 5")\n\t\tprint("-----------------------------------------")\n\t\tprint_mastermind_board(show_passcode, guess_codes, guess_flags)\n\n\t\t# Accepting the player input \n\t\ttry:\t\n\t\t\tcode = list(map(int, input("Enter your choice = ").split()))\n\t\texcept ValueError:\n\t\t\tclear()\n\t\t\tprint("\\tWrong choice!! Try again!!")\n\t\t\tcontinue\t\n\n\t\t# Check if the number of colors nunbers are 4\n\t\tif len(code) != 4:\n\t\t\tclear()\n\t\t\tprint("\\tWrong choice!! Try again!!")\n\t\t\tcontinue\n\n\t\t# Check if each number entered corresponds to a number\n\t\tflag = 0\n\t\tfor x in code:\n\t\t\tif x > 6 or x < 1:\n\t\t\t\tflag = 1\n\n\t\tif flag == 1:\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclear()\n\t\t\tprint("\\tWrong choice!! Try again!!")\n\t\t\tcontinue\t\n\n\t\t# Storing the player input\n\t\tfor i in range(4):\n\t\t\tguess_codes[turn][i] = colors_map[code[i]]\t\n\n\t\t# Process to apply clues according to the player input\t\n\t\tdummy_passcode = [x for x in passcode]\t\n\n\t\tpos = 0\n\n\t\t# Loop to set up clues for the player move\n\t\tfor x in code:\n\t\t\tif colors_map[x] in dummy_passcode:\n\t\t\t\tif code.index(x) == passcode.index(colors_map[x]):\n\t\t\t\t\tguess_flags[turn][pos] = 'R'\n\t\t\t\telse:\n\t\t\t\t\tguess_flags[turn][pos] = 'W'\n\t\t\t\tpos += 1\n\t\t\t\tdummy_passcode.remove(colors_map[x])\n\n\t\trandom.shuffle(guess_flags[turn])\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\t\t# Check for win condition\n\t\tif guess_codes[turn] == passcode:\n\t\t\tclear()\n\t\t\tprint_mastermind_board(passcode, guess_codes, guess_flags)\n\t\t\tprint("Congratulations!! YOU WIN!!!!")\n\t\t\tbreak\n\n\t\t# Update turn\t\n\t\tturn += 1\t\t\t\n\t\tclear()\n\n# Check for loss condiiton\t\nif turn == chances:\n\tclear()\n\tprint_mastermind_board(passcode, guess_codes, guess_flags)\n\tprint("YOU LOSE!!! Better luck next time!!!")\t\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\nConclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n The task of creating our own games may seem daunting at first for any novice Python programmer. We hope this article simplified certain Python concepts and made the task look achievable to the reader.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Feel free to comment below for any suggestions or queries. Thank you for reading. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Mastermind is a two-player code-breaking game, in which one player hides a code consisting of colors, while the other player has to guess it using clues given by the former player for each turn. In this tutorial, we will be creating our own Mastermind Game using Python Language. In our version of Mastermind, the computer […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":7221,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7177","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-examples"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.askpython.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7177","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.askpython.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.askpython.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.askpython.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.askpython.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7177"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.askpython.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7177\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.askpython.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7221"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.askpython.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7177"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.askpython.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7177"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.askpython.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7177"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}