PHP array_change_key_case: Change Array Key Cases

The array_change_key_case function in PHP changes all array keys to lowercase or uppercase for consistent data use.

Understand the array_change_key_case Function in PHP

The array_change_key_case function changes the case of keys in an array. It changes every key at once and returns a new array.

The syntax looks like this:

array_change_key_case($array, $case = CASE_LOWER)

• $array: the input array with mixed key cases.
• $case: optional constant. Use CASE_LOWER or CASE_UPPER.
• Return: a new array with all keys in the case you set.

Keys in arrays often mix lowercase and uppercase. This breaks uniform access. The function fixes the issue by changing all keys to one style.

Here is a quick example:

$data = ["Name" => "Sara", "AGE" => 25];
print_r(array_change_key_case($data));

This example changes all keys to lowercase. You see name and age instead of mixed forms.

The output:

Array
(
    [name] => Sara
    [age] => 25
)

The function loops over every key and applies the case rule. It does not touch the values. The result is a new array with changed keys.

Lowercase conversion:

$data = ["City" => "Cairo", "COUNTRY" => "Egypt"];
print_r(array_change_key_case($data, CASE_LOWER));

This code makes all keys lowercase. The output keys are city and country.

The output:

Array
(
    [city] => Cairo
    [country] => Egypt
)

Uppercase conversion:

$data = ["City" => "Cairo", "COUNTRY" => "Egypt"];
print_r(array_change_key_case($data, CASE_UPPER));

The output:

Array
(
    [CITY] => Cairo
    [COUNTRY] => Egypt
)

This code makes all keys uppercase. The output keys are CITY and COUNTRY.

The Difference Between strtolower Keys and array_change_key_case

The strtolower function works on strings. It changes every letter in a string to lowercase. You pass one string, and you get a lowercase version of that string.

The array_change_key_case function works on arrays. It changes every key in the array. It does not touch the values.

Here is a table shows key differences:

Use strtolower when you want one string in lowercase. Use array_change_key_case when you want all keys in an array in the same case.

Examples of the array_change_key_case in PHP

Normalize User Data Keys:

$data = ["UserName" => "Ali", "Email" => "[email protected]"];
$result = array_change_key_case($data, CASE_LOWER);
print_r($result);

This example changes mixed-case user data keys to lowercase. You can avoid a mismatch in later access.

Here is the output:

Array
(
    [username] => Ali
    [email] => [email protected]
)

Match API Response Keys:

$response = ["id" => 101, "NaMe" => "Lina", "SCORE" => 89];
$fixed = array_change_key_case($response, CASE_UPPER);
print_r($fixed);

This example changes every API response key to uppercase. You match external systems that use uppercase keys. The values stay the same. The result:

Array
(
    [ID] => 101
    [NAME] => Lina
    [SCORE] => 89
)

Combine Arrays:

$a = ["Name" => "Omar", "Age" => 22];
$b = ["NAME" => "Omar", "AGE" => 22];
$a = array_change_key_case($a, CASE_LOWER);
$b = array_change_key_case($b, CASE_LOWER);
print_r(array_merge($a, $b));

Here, it converts both arrays to lowercase before merging them and avoids key conflicts from mixed cases.

Here is the output:

Array
(
    [name] => Omar
    [age] => 22
)

Handle Config Data:

$config = ["Host" => "localhost", "PORT" => 3306, "User" => "root"];
$fixed = array_change_key_case($config, CASE_UPPER);
print_r($fixed);

The result:

Array
(
    [HOST] => localhost
    [PORT] => 3306
    [USER] => root
)

This changes configuration keys to uppercase.

Wrapping Up

You learned what array_change_key_case does and how it works.

Here is a quick recap:

• It changes all array keys to lowercase or uppercase.
• It works only on keys and not on values.
• It avoids errors with mixed-case keys.

FAQs

$array = ["ID" => 101, "Name" => "John"];
$result = array_change_key_case($array, CASE_LOWER);
print_r($result);

Array ( [id] => 101 [name] => John )

$array = ["id" => 101, "name" => "John"];
$result = array_change_key_case($array, CASE_UPPER);
print_r($result);

Array ( [ID] => 101 [NAME] => John )

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