Australia, effective July 1, 2023, downscheduled psilocybin to Schedule 8 (controlled medicines) for psychiatrist-prescribed psychotherapy in cases of treatment-resistant depression, allowing limited therapeutic access under the Therapeutic Goods Administration while maintaining illegality for recreational or unauthorized use.In the Czech Republic, amendments to the Criminal Code and related acts approved in 2025 formally allowed therapeutic psilocybin to be administered in specialised healthcare facilities from 1 January 2026, although the National Institute of Mental Health stated in March 2026 that treatment was expected to launch only in the second half of 2026, pending reimbursement rules.

Recent studies highlight the involvement of MAPK signaling pathways, including UvSlt2, UvPmk1, and UvHog1, in regulating fungal adaptation to host environments, stress responses, and virulence during this phase.A 2025 Journal of Fungi study found that the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway also positively regulates growth, conidiation and pathogenicity in U. virens while negatively regulating mycotoxin biosynthesis: inhibiting TOR with rapamycin reduced false smut balls on inoculated panicles and raised expression of the ustiloxin precursor gene ustA more than 190-fold.

However, the condition is significantly underreported due to the absence of mandatory notification in many areas and challenges in diagnosis, leading to estimates that the true burden may be substantially greater.In Brazil, PCM was added to the national list of compulsory notifiable diseases in 2020 (Portaria Nº 264/2020), but the revised list in Portaria GM/MS Nº 5.201 of August 2024 no longer includes it, and the Ministry of Health states that systemic mycoses are not nationally notifiable or under routine surveillance except in states that have instituted their own notification.