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| """ | |
| The most atomic way to train and run inference for a GPT in pure, dependency-free Python. | |
| This file is the complete algorithm. | |
| Everything else is just efficiency. | |
| @karpathy | |
| """ | |
| import os # os.path.exists | |
| import math # math.log, math.exp |
| Latency Comparison Numbers (~2012 except when noted) | |
| ---------------------------------- | |
| L1 cache reference 0.5 ns | |
| Branch mispredict 5 ns | |
| L2 cache reference 7 ns 14x L1 cache | |
| Mutex lock/unlock 25 ns | |
| Main memory reference 100 ns 20x L2 cache, 200x L1 cache | |
| Compress 1K bytes with Zippy 3,000 ns 3 us | |
| Send 1K bytes over 1 Gbps network 10,000 ns 10 us | |
| Read 4K randomly from SSD* 150,000 ns 150 us ~1GB/sec SSD |
| html { | |
| --crust: #dce0e8; | |
| --mantle: #e6e9ef; | |
| --base: #eff1f5; | |
| --surface0: #ccd0da; | |
| --surface1: #bcc0cc; | |
| --surface2: #acb0be; | |
| --overlay0: #9ca0b0; | |
| --overlay1: #8c8fa1; | |
| --overlay2: #7c7f93; |
- Visit fmhy.net/android-iosguide#ios-ipas for more sources.
- Sideloading Guide: https://rentry.co/sideloadingguide, https://ios.cfw.guide/sideloading-apps/
| #EXTM3U | |
| #EXTINF:-1 tvg-logo="http://s17.postimg.org/w75u3yg1n/globo2.png" group-title="TV ABERTA",GLOBO SP | |
| http://95.211.149.215:8081/look/sptv/playlist.m3u8 | |
| #EXTINF:-1 tvg-logo="https://goo.gl/IQS0pJ" group-title="Notícias",GLOBO NEWS | |
| http://5.79.68.138:8081/look/globonews/playlist.m3u8 |
A pattern for building personal knowledge bases using LLMs.
This is an idea file, it is designed to be copy pasted to your own LLM Agent (e.g. OpenAI Codex, Claude Code, OpenCode / Pi, or etc.). Its goal is to communicate the high level idea, but your agent will build out the specifics in collaboration with you.
Most people's experience with LLMs and documents looks like RAG: you upload a collection of files, the LLM retrieves relevant chunks at query time, and generates an answer. This works, but the LLM is rediscovering knowledge from scratch on every question. There's no accumulation. Ask a subtle question that requires synthesizing five documents, and the LLM has to find and piece together the relevant fragments every time. Nothing is built up. NotebookLM, ChatGPT file uploads, and most RAG systems work this way.
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Hey
The journey from the first simple bots to superhuman AI like Libratus and Pluribus is a fascinating 27-year story of academic rivalries, commercial scandals, and massive algorithmic breakthroughs. It's a perfect case study in AI for imperfect information games.
I've written up a little history, from the first academic attempts in 1998 to the modern "GTO Solvers." Grab a coffee, this is a long one.