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建

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
建 U+5EFA, 建
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5EFA
← 廹
[U+5EF9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 廻 →
[U+5EFB]

Translingual

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Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

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建 (Kangxi radical 54, 廴+6, 8 (Mainland), 9 (Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan) strokes, Cangjie input 弓大中手 (NKLQ), four-corner 15400, composition ⿺廴聿)

Derived characters

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Additional derived characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 353, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9574
  • Dae Jaweon: page 667, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 404, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+5EFA

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 建
2nd round simp. 迠
alternative forms 䢖
㨴

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 建
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Image Image Image Image
Characters in the same phonetic series (建) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
犍 *ɡran, *kan
騝 *ɡran, *kan
鍵 *ɡran, *ɡranʔ, *ɡanʔ
揵 *ɡran, *kanʔ
鞬 *kan
腱 *kan, *ɡans
湕 *kanʔ
建 *kans
旔 *kans
楗 *ɡanʔ
健 *ɡans

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 廴 + 聿. Originally, a pictogram (象形) — a hand (又) planting a pole (𰀁) into a base (Ji Xusheng, 2004). The left component was originally written as ∟. The right component is stylized as 聿; while the hand is still recognizable, the bottom part is unrelated to a writing brush.

The whole character is mostly similar to 叔.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • giêng3 - Chaozhou, used in 福建;
  • giang3 - Shantou, used in 福建;
  • giêng6 - Chaozhou;
  • giang6 - Shantou.
Rime
Character 建
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 元 (65)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居万切
Baxter kjonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɨɐnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kiɐnH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kiɐnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kɨanH/
Li
Rong 		/kiɐnH/
Wang
Li 		/kĭɐnH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kɨ̯ɐnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jiàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gin3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 建
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jiàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kjonH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]a[n]-s/
English set up, establish

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 建
Reading # 1/1
No. 6220
Phonetic
component 		建
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		建
Old
Chinese 		/*kans/

Definitions

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建

  1. to build; to construct; to erect
  2. to establish; to found
  3. to propose; to suggest

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 蓋 (“to build; to construct (a building)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 蓋, 建, 建造, 建築, 興建, 修建
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 蓋
Taiwan 蓋
Harbin 蓋
Malaysia 起, 建
Singapore 建
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 蓋
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 蓋
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 蓋
Xi'an 蓋
Xining 蓋
Xuzhou 起
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 蓋
Lanzhou 蓋
Ürümqi 蓋, 起
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 修, 起
Guiyang 起, 修
Guilin 起
Liuzhou 起
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 蓋, 造
Yangzhou 蓋
Cantonese Guangzhou 起
Hong Kong 起
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 起
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 起
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 起
Taishan 起
Dongguan 起
Rongxian 起
Hepu (Lianzhou) 起
Hepu (Shatian) 做
Guiping 起
Guiping (Mule) 起, 整
Pingnan 起
Guigang (Gangcheng) 起
Guigang (Pingdong) 起
Beihai 起
Beihai (Nankang) 起
Beihai (Yingpan) 起
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 起, 做
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 起
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 做
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 起, 搭
Penang (Guangfu) 起
Singapore (Guangfu) 起
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 起
Móng Cái 起
Bangkok (Guangfu) 起
Betong (Rongxian) 起
Gan Nanchang 起
Lichuan 做
Pingxiang 起
Hakka Meixian 起, 做
Yudu 做
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 起
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 起
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 起
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 起
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 起
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 起
Hong Kong 起
Senai (Huiyang) 起
Huizhou Jixi 起
Jin Taiyuan 蓋
Xinzhou 蓋
Northern Min Jian'ou 開
Eastern Min Fuzhou 起
Matsu 起
Southern Min Xiamen 起
Quanzhou 起
Zhangzhou 起
Tainan 起
Singapore (Hokkien) 起
Manila (Hokkien) 起
Chaozhou 起
Shantou 起
Jieyang 起
Bangkok (Teochew) 起
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 起
Hat Yai (Teochew) 起
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 起
Singapore (Teochew) 起
Leizhou 作
Haikou 作
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 起
Wu Shanghai 造
Shanghai (Chongming) 造, 起
Suzhou 造
Danyang 砌
Hangzhou 造
Ningbo 起
Jinhua 起
Xiang Changsha 起
Loudi 起

Compounds

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Japanese

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Image
Kyūjitai form

Kanji

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建

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. build, establish, erect, found

Readings

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Compounds

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Proper noun

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建(けん) • (Ken) 

  1. a male given name

Korean

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Hanja

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建 (eumhun 세울 건 (se'ul geon))

  1. hanja form? of 건 (“build; establish”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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建: Hán Việt readings: kiến[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], kiển[7]
建: Nôm readings: kén[4], kín[4]

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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  1. ^ Bonet (1899).
  2. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  3. ^ Hồ (1976).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  5. ^ Phạm (1851).
  6. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Thiều Chửu (1942).
  8. ^ Trần (2004).
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