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獨

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 独
獨 U+7368, 獨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7368
← 獧
[U+7367] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 獩 →
[U+7369]

Translingual

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Japanese 独
Simplified 独
Traditional 獨

Han character

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獨 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+13, 16 strokes, Cangjie input 大竹田中戈 (KHWLI), four-corner 46227, composition ⿰犭蜀)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 719, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20725
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1130, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1372, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+7368

Chinese

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trad. 獨
simp. 独

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 獨
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Image Image
Characters in the same phonetic series (蜀) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
襡 *toːʔ, *toːɡs, *doːʔ, *doːɡ, *djoɡ
噣 *toːɡs, *tuɡs, *rtoːɡ, *tjoɡ
斣 *toːɡs
歜 *sdoːmʔ, *tʰjoɡ
斀 *rtoːɡ
孎 *rtoːɡ, *toɡ
濁 *rdoːɡ
鐲 *rdoːɡ, *zroːɡ, *djoɡ
鸀 *rdoːɡ, *tjoɡ
擉 *sʰroːɡ
獨 *doːɡ
髑 *doːɡ
韣 *doːɡ, *tjoɡ, *djoɡ
斸 *toɡ
钃 *toɡ
欘 *toɡ
躅 *doɡ
蠋 *doɡ, *tjoɡ
燭 *tjoɡ
囑 *tjoɡ
矚 *tjoɡ
屬 *tjoɡ, *djoɡ
属 *tjoɡ, *djoɡ
蠾 *tjoɡ, *djoɡ
觸 *tʰjoɡ
臅 *tʰjoɡ
觕 *sʰlaː, *zlaːʔ, *tʰjoɡ
蜀 *djoɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *doːɡ): semantic 犭 + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ).

Etymology

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Perhaps related to 特 (OC *dɯːɡ, “single, alone”); see there for more.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • ta̍k - vernacular;
  • to̍k - literary.
Note:
  • dag8 - vernacular;
  • dog8 - literary.
Rime
Character 獨
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 屋 (3)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒谷切
Baxter duwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/duk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/duk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/duk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dəwk̚/
Li
Rong 		/duk̚/
Wang
Li 		/duk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/dʱuk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		duk6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 獨
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ duwk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[d]ˁok/
English alone; only

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 獨
Reading # 1/1
No. 11818
Phonetic
component 		蜀
Rime
group 		屋
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		獨
Old
Chinese 		/*doːɡ/

Definitions

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獨

  1. alone; single; solitary
    獨自／独自  ―  dúzì  ―  by oneself
    獨奏／独奏  ―  dúzòu  ―  solo
  2. the old and childless
  3. only
    不獨／不独  ―  bùdú  ―  not only
    唯獨／唯独  ―  wéidú  ―  only; all except
  4. (literary) Indicates a rhetorical question: is it possible that...
    Synonyms: 豈 / 岂 (qǐ), 寧 / 宁 (nìng)
  5. (in compounds) separatism
    謀獨／谋独  ―  móudú  ―  to plot / scheme for independence
    港獨／港独  ―  Gǎngdú  ―  Hong Kong Independence Movement
    臺獨／台独  ―  Táidú  ―  Taiwan Independence Movement

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (獨):
  • → Japanese: 独(どく) (doku); 独(とく) (toku)
  • → Korean: 독(獨) (dok)
  • → Vietnamese: độc (獨)

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 独
Kyūjitai 獨

Kanji

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獨

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 独)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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  • Go-on: どく (doku)
  • Kan-on: とく (toku)
  • Kun: ひとり (hitori, 獨り)

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 獨 (MC duwk).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 똑〮 (Yale: ttwók)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 호을 (Yale: hwòùl) 독〮 (Yale: twók)
Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

獨 (eumhun 홀로 독 (hollo dok))

  1. hanja form? of 독 (“alone”) [affix]

Compounds

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Proper noun

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Hanja in this term
獨

獨 • (dok) (hangeul 독)

  1. (in news headlines) short for 獨(독)逸(일) (Dogil, “(South Korea) Germany”)

Usage notes

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A common convention in news headlines, this is almost always written solely in the Hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any Hanja.

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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獨: Hán Nôm readings: độc, dọc

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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