Laser Welding Laser welding is a technique in manufacturing where two or more pieces of material, usually metal, are joined together using a high-energy laser beam. This advanced fusion welding process utilizes concentrated photon energy to melt and join materials at the weld interface, creating a narrow, deep weld with minimal heat-affected zone (HAZ). It is known for its precision and efficiency in joining metals and thermoplastics. 

Also known as stick welding, shielded metal arc welding uses an electrode with flux around it, which protects the puddle. The electrode holder contains the electrode as it slowly melts away. Slag protects the weld puddle from atmospheric contamination.

Commonly referred to as MIG (metal inert gas), gas metal arc welding uses a wire-feeding gun that feeds the wire at an adjustable speed. It also flows an argon-based shielding gas or a mix of argon and carbon dioxide (CO2) over the weld puddle, protecting it from atmospheric contamination.

Flux-cored arc welding is almost identical to MIG welding, except it uses a special, tubular wire that is filled with flux. This can be used with or without shielding gas, depending on the filler.