Infrastructure
 Infrastructure | |
|---|---|
type of structure (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | structure |
| Bangare na |
tattalin arziki, Al'umma da logistics (mul) |
| Fuskar |
infrastructure and economics (en) |
| Has characteristic (en) |
type of infrastructure (en) da Infrastructure bias (en) |
| Tarihin maudu'i |
history of infrastructure (en) |
Infrastructure shine saitin kayan aiki da tsarin da ke aiki da ƙasa, birni, ko wani yanki, kuma ya ƙunshi ayyuka da kayan aikin da ake buƙata don tattalin arzikinta, gidaje da kamfanoni don aiki.[1] Infrastructure ya kunshi tsarin jiki na jama'a da masu zaman kansu kamar Hanyoyi, layin dogo, gadoji, filayen jirgin sama, Tsarin sufuri na jama'a, bututun Ruwa, samar da ruwa, magudanar ruwa, tashar lantarki, da sadarwa (ciki har da Haɗin Intanet da damar samun damar sadarwa). Gabaɗaya, an bayyana ababen more rayuwa a matsayin "abubuwa na zahiri na tsarin da ke da alaƙa da juna waɗanda ke ba da kayayyaki da ayyuka masu mahimmanci don ba da damar, kiyayewa, ko haɓaka Yanayin rayuwa al'umma" da kuma kula da yanayin da ke kewaye.[2]
Rarrabawar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Injiniyoyi ta Amurka ta buga "Kardar Rahoton Infrastructure" wanda ke wakiltar ra'ayin kungiyar game da yanayin ababen more rayuwa daban-daban a kowace shekara 2-4. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2017 suna da nau'o'i 16, wato jirgin kasa, gadoji, madatsun ruwa, ruwan sha, makamashi, sharar gida, Hanyoyi ruwa na ciki, madatsar ruwa, wuraren shakatawa da nishaɗi, tashar jiragen ruwa, layin dogo, hanyoyi, makarantu, sharar ruwa, wucewa da ruwa.[3] : 4 Amurka ta sami darajar "D+" a kan ababen more rayuwa.[4] Wannan tsohuwar ababen more rayuwa sakamakon sakaci ne na gwamnati da rashin isasshen kudade.[4] Kamar yadda Amurka ke neman inganta kayan aikinta na yanzu, matakan da za su iya zama la'akari da ƙira, gini, da tsare-tsaren aiki.
Na Mutum
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Hanyar da za a iya amfani da kayan aikin mutum ita ce yin tunani game da shi dangane da Babban birnin ɗan adam.[5] Encyclopædia Britannica ta bayyana babban birnin ɗan adam a matsayin "dukiyoyin da ba a iya gani ba waɗanda mutane da kungiyoyi ke da su a cikin yawan jama'a". Manufar ababen more rayuwa ita ce ta tantance ingancin dabi'un jami'an tattalin arziki. Wannan yana haifar da manyan ayyuka guda uku: aikin wakilai na tattalin arziki a cikin tsarin tattalin arziki (malamai, ƙwararru da ƙwararrun ma'aikata, da dai sauransu); muhimmancin ababen more rayuwa ga mutum (gajeren lokaci da na dogon lokaci amfani da ilimi); da kuma muhimmancin zamantakewar ababen more more rayuwa.[5] Ainihin, kayan aikin mutum suna nuna tasirin ɗan adam akan kayan aikin kamar yadda yake da alaƙa da tattalin arziki, ci gaban mutum, da tasirin zamantakewa.
Cibiyar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rukunin ababen more rayuwa na ma'aikata daga kalmar "kundin tsarin mulki na tattalin arziki". A cewar Gianpiero Torrisi, ababen more rayuwa ne batun tattalin arziki da na shari'a. Yana lalata ci gaba kuma yana saita ka'idoji.[6] Yana nufin matakin adalci na daidaitattun bayanai na tattalin arziki kuma yana ƙayyade tsarin da jami'an tattalin arziki zasu iya tsara nasu tsare-tsaren tattalin arziki kuma su aiwatar da su tare da hadin gwiwa tare da wasu.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Steven M. Sheffrin; Arthur O'Sullivan (economist). Missing
|author1=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ Fulmer, Jeffrey (2009). "What in the world is infrastructure?". PEI Infrastructure Investor (July/August): 30–32.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedasce17 - ↑ 4.0 4.1 Cervero, Robert (December 2014). "Transport Infrastructure and the Environment in the Global South: Sustainable Mobility and Urbanism". Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah Dan Kota. 25 (3): 174–191. doi:10.5614/jpwk.2015.25.3.1.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Torrisi, Gianpiero (January 2009). "Public infrastructure: definition, classification and measurement issues" (PDF).
- ↑ Torrisi, Gianpiero (January 2009). "Public infrastructure: definition, classification and measurement issues" (PDF).
