For many years I’ve wanted to visit the ancient ruins of Mexico and especially the city founded by Quetzalcoatl (the Plumed Serpent). It was he who was the light skinned god who prohibited sacrifices of humans and was recognized as the priesthood leader of the ancient peoples of middle-Mexico. He was considered one of the gods of the creation (being given the name of the “God of the Morning Star” and he was the god of the resurrection). It was he who promised to return one day from the East. 500 years later, the Aztecs confused Cortes with Quetzalcoatl when Cortes arrived from the East on the shores between Vera Cruz and the Yucatan. So, our trip to Tula, on September 20, 2008, was an important trip for me.
As the Teotihuacan empire began to crumble (i.e., Pyramid of the Sun—see our trip to Teotihuacan in August), another empire was rising—the empire of the Toltecs. This was about 750 AD. The capital of this empire was the ancient capital of Tollan or Tula. During the height of Tula's power, somewhere between 900 and 1100 AD, it included an area of some five square miles, with an occupation perhaps as high as 60,000. Tollán or Tula, was the reputed place founded by Quetzalcoatl. Though relatively small, the main pyramid is highly decorated and contains large statues on top (called Atlanteans). The sides of the five terraces are covered with sculptured and painted friezes of felines, birds of prey devouring human hearts, and human faces extending from the jaws of serpents. A stairway on the southern side at one time led to a highly ornamented, two-room temple at the summit.

We came upon the main temple from a distance and could see the massive Atlanteans atop. At one time, they held up the roof of a large structure on the top of the pyramid. The picture above hides most of the pyramid which was about 60 feet in height (or the height of a 5 to 6 story building).

Above, the kids and I climb the stairs up the steep pyramid.
On top, one sees the large stone figures. The figures dwarf any human and are very impressive.





As mentioned, the ancient city consisted of 3 pyramids, 2 ball fields, a large palace, etc. Here, Mike and Emily are atop the main pyramid looking toward some of the other portions of the city.

Aaron is starting to descend from the top of the main pyramid. The stairs are very steep and there is nothing to hold onto when descending.

Columns are all that remain of the king's palace.

This frieze may be difficult to see but it shows a human being being eaten by a serpent. The only portion of the person that can be seen is the head. Immediately behind the head (to the right) is the mouth of the serpent gaping open with the eye of the serpent in the middle of the jaws. The serpent is coiled and one can see the rattle on its tail in the upper right corner. There are many such carvings around the base of the pyramid. They still have coloring on many portions of them: red, yellow, blue and pink.

Aaron and I are at the base of the king's palace and next to one of the columns. The plaster has decayed on almost all of the pyramids. However, originally, the plaster was white and covered the pyramids in their entirety. The Spanish conquistadores were astounded when they arrived in "New Spain" to see shining white pyramids shimmering in the sun.

This was the last sight we saw as we said good-bye to the main pyramid at Tula.

One more shot of one of the smaller pyramids in the ancient city.

A final picture looking toward one of the ball fields and a portion of the king's palace.
Well, that is it! We had a wonderful day looking at the city founded by Quetzacoatl. It would sure be nice to have a time machine to go back in time and see these palces at the height of their civilization.