Search Application Notes
LECO offers an extensive library of Application Notes that showcase the performance of our instruments in fields such as food testing, environmental analysis, energy, agriculture, materials science, and more. These documents provide practical insights into sample preparation, method optimization, and instrument capabilities, so users can see exactly how LECO technology addresses their unique testing needs.
No results found for "{keyword}".
What are application notes?
Application Notes are detailed, real-world examples of how analytical instruments are used to solve common laboratory challenges. Each note demonstrates methods, workflows, and results across a wide range of industries, helping scientists and researchers understand how to achieve accurate, reproducible data with confidence.
- NProven Methods
- Reliable Data
- Industry-specific Insights
- Confident Results
Determination of Hydrogen in Aluminum
203-821-719Hydrogen gas has a high solubility in molten Aluminum and is readily introduced during processing. Once solidification begins, the solubility decreases approximately twenty-fold, and Hydrogen is forced out of the Aluminum. Although most of the Hydrogen is diffused, a small percentage may get trapped, creating Hydrogen-filled voids. This remaining Hydrogen...Access Determination of Hydrogen in AluminumCharacterization and Comparison of Cocoa from Three Different Geographical Areas
203-821-718Due to its unique, specific organoleptic properties, chocolate may be considered as the most appealing confectionery worldwide. The quality of chocolate and chocolate-containing products depends heavily on the type of cocoa used and its manufacturing process. In this application note, SHS and HS-SPME were considered and compared as sampling techniques...Access Characterization and Comparison of Cocoa...Determination of Moisture and Ash in Carbon-Based Battery Materials
203-821-716Graphite is the most widely used anode material in Lithium-ion batteries due to its low cost and favorable energy density. However, researchers continue to explore alternative Carbon-based materials and additives to enhance conductivity and overall performance. Traditionally, quality control has focused on ensuring that Carbon-based battery materials have minimal moisture...Access Determination of Moisture and Ash...Determination of Oxygen and Nitrogen in Graphite and Carbon-Based Battery Materials
203-821-717Accurate determination of oxygen and nitrogen in graphite and carbon-based battery materials is critical for optimizing electrochemical performance, stability, and lifecycle. Using inert gas fusion with infrared and thermal conductivity detection, these elements are measured precisely to support quality control and advanced battery material development.Access Determination of Oxygen and Nitrogen...Determination of Sulfur and Carbon in Graphite and Carbon-Based Battery Materials
203-821-715The electrical conductivity of an anode material is closely linked to its Carbon content and structural purity. In particular, high-purity graphite (typically with a Carbon content exceeding 99.95 %) is preferred due to its superior electronic conductivity and consistent performance characteristics. Impurities within the graphite matrix, especially Sulfur, can significantly...Access Determination of Sulfur and Carbon...Determination of OCPs and PCBs in Sediments Using SPE-GCxGC-TOFMS
203-821-714This application note describes an analytical workflow that utilizes solid-phase extraction (SPE) for the cleanup and enrichment of sediment samples prior to analysis by GCxGC-TOFMS using the LECO Pegasus BTX 4D system. The protocol focuses on the simultaneous determination of multiple target OCPs and PCBs, addressing the analytical requirements associated...Access Determination of OCPs and PCBs...Characterization of PFAS and Other Pollutants in Household Dust Using GCxGC-HRTOFMS and Spectral Analysis Tools (SAT)
203-821-713The goal of this work was to develop a methodology for the untargeted analysis of a dust standard reference material (NIST 2585) as well as dust samples collected from household and office settings for both legacy and emerging pollutants. The method uses two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) and high-resolution mass spectrometry...Access Characterization of PFAS and Other...Chemical Profiling of Commercially Available Cola Beverages Using GC-TOFMS and ChromaTOF Sync
203-821-712In this study, HS-SPME was used to extract the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) of 13 commercially available cola beverages for analysis by GC-TOFMS. The data were then processed using our data alignment tool ChromaTOF Sync, which compiles peak information through sets of samples by performing automated peak finding and deconvolution...Access Chemical Profiling of Commercially Available...Sensory-Directed Analysis for Beer Aroma Profiling: Stacking Multiple SPME Extractions to Help Connect Olfactory and GC-MS Data
203-821-711This application note highlights how stacking multiple SPME extractions with GC-MS and GC-Olfactory can improve detection of low-level analytes in complex samples, such as beer, allowing researchers to identify compounds that might otherwise go unnoticed. It demonstrates the value of sensitive techniques for revealing impactful analytes that contribute to aroma...Access Sensory-Directed Analysis for Beer Aroma Profiling...Packaging Contaminants in the Headspace of Commercially Available Cola Beverages
203-821-710This application note explores the analysis of packaging-derived contaminants in the headspace of commercially available cola beverages using GC×GC-TOFMS with ChromaTOF Sync. The study focuses on identifying volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that may migrate from packaging materials into the beverage, potentially affecting quality, safety, and regulatory compliance. Using comprehensive two-dimensional...Access Packaging Contaminants in the Headspace...Determination of Carbon Black in Polypropylene
203-821-709National and regional regulations provide guidance on the approved grade and type of Carbon Black, and some regulations specifically restrict the amount of Carbon Black that may be present in plastics designated for food contact. A common method for determining the content of Carbon Black in polymer materials is thermogravimetric...Access Determination of Carbon Black in...Characterization of Extractables from Dental Bite Guards Using GC-TOFMS
203-821-708This application note details the characterization of extractable compounds from dental bite guards using high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HRT-TOFMS) with GC×GC and ChromaTOF software. Materials used in dental devices may release chemical compounds over time, raising concerns about patient safety and material performance. The study demonstrates how comprehensive two-dimensional gas...Access Characterization of Extractables from Dental...Improved GCxGC-TOFMS Workflow to More Efficiently Meet Compliance and Confidence Requirements for Fragrance Allergen Analysis
203-821-707This application note presents an improved GCxGC-TOFMS workflow for fragrance allergen analysis designed to meet evolving global compliance requirements. Using the Pegasus BTX 4D system, the method reduces analytical runs while delivering accurate, reliable quantification of regulated allergens in complex fragrance and cosmetic matrices.Access Improved GCxGC-TOFMS Workflow to More...Determination of Ash in Various Plastics and Plastic Blends
203-821-704Determining the filler content of plastic is an important aspect of quality control monitoring. Ash is the inorganic remainder that is left after heating a polymer at high temperatures to remove the presence of water and organic matter. Therefore, the ash content of a plastic is reflective of the relative...Access Determination of Ash in Various...Analysis of Musty Odorous Compounds in Drinking Water by SPME GC-TOFMS
203-821-703Complaints received by drinking water industries are often related to bad taste and/or unpleasant odors in drinking water. Most complaints involve the presence of chlorine or earthy/musty-smelling compounds. These issues can lead consumers to perceive the water as "unsafe", even though the substances causing the issues are typically not harmful....Access Analysis of Musty Odorous Compounds...Quantitation of Olefin Content in Plastic-Derived Pyrolysis Oils – QuadJet SD
203-821-697This application note focuses on the quantitation of olefin content in plastic-derived pyrolysis oils using GC×GC-FID with the LECO QuadJet SD system and ChromaTOF Tile. Accurate identification and measurement of olefins are critical for evaluating pyrolysis oil quality and refining potential. The method combines comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with flame...Access Quantitation of Olefin Content in...Determination of Nitrogen in Plastics
203-821-669The determination of Nitrogen is crucial in the material characterization and quality control procedures for the manufacturing and molding process of plastic materials. The LECO FP928 is a Nitrogen determinator that utilizes an automated Dumas combustion method and provides accurate and precise results in approximately five minutes. This eliminates...Access Determination of Nitrogen in Plastics
