1.Considering the code below ...

  
    <?php 
        
    class AppException extends Exception
    {
      function __toString()
      {
        return "Your code has just thrown an exception: {$this->message}\n";
      }
    }

    class Students
    {
      public $first_name;
      public $last_name;

      public function __construct($first_name, $last_name)
      {
        if(empty($first_name))
        {
          throw new AppException('First Name is required', 1);
        }

        if(empty($last_name))
        {
          throw new AppException('Last Name is required', 2);
        }
      }
    }

    try {
     new Students('', ''); 
    } catch (Exception $e) {
      echo $e;
    }
  

... which of these statements are correct ?

The catch (Exception $e) statement is wrong because it accepts an instance of the Exception class as the parameter. It should use an instance of the AppException class instead.

The __toString() method can't be overwritten in a child class because the methods in the Exception class are all final but for the constructor

The magic __toString() method will be invoked automatically when the code enters the catch() statement and the custom exception message will be printed

2.Assuming that the code below is in a file named "test.php" and that PHP has full rights over the file, what happens if the file is executed from the command line without any arguments ?

  exec("rm -f " . dirname(__FILE__) . "/" .  $argv[0]);

The script exits without doing anything

The file test.php is deleted

A notice is thrown because $argv[0] is not defined and the script fails.

3.What is the output of the code below ?

  
    <?php
    $a = array('one'=>'php', 'two'=>'javascript', 'three'=>'python');
    $b = array('python', 'javascript', 'php');

    if(array_values(array_reverse($a)) === $b)
      echo 'true';
    else
      echo 'false';
  

Fatal error: Can't use function return value in write context

false

true

4.Considering the following code which of the statements below is true ?

    class entity {
        public $name;
    }
    $human = new entity();
    $dog = new entity();
    $human->name = 0;
    $dog->name = "";

($human == $dog)

($human === $dog)

($human->name == $dog->name)

5.What is the best way to store and verify passwords in PHP ?

Using a hashing algorithm like md5 or sha256 and then, when verifying compare the stored hash with the hash of the string submitted by the user

Using the built in password_create() and password_verify() functions in PHP

Using the strongest to date hashing algorithm combined with a salt to avoid dictionary attacks.

6.Which of the following is not valid syntax for creating a new array key?

$a[] = "value";

$a{} = "value";

$a[0] = "value";

$a{0} = "value";

$a[$b = 0] = "value";

7.What is the output of the following code block? $a = "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog."; $b = array_map("strtoupper", explode(" ", $a)); foreach ($b as $value) { print "$value "; }

THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPED OVER THE LAZY DOG.

A PHP Error

Array Array Array Array Array Array Array Array Array

8.Which function would you use to add an element to the beginning of an array?

array_shift()

array_push()

$array[0] = "value";

array_unshift()

array_pop()

9.Which key will not be displayed from the following code block? $array = array('a' => 'John', 'b' => 'Coggeshall', 'c' => array('d' => 'John', 'e' => 'Smith')); function display($item, $key) { print "$key => $item\n"; } array_walk_recursive($array, "display");

d

c

b

a

They all will be displayed

10.What should go in the missing line ????? below to produce the output shown? $array_one = array(1,2,3,4,5); $array_two = array('A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E'); ??????? print_r($array_three); Result: Array ( [5] => A [4] => B [3] => C [2] => D [1] => E )

$array_three = array_merge(array_reverse($array_one), $array_two);

$array_three = array_combine($array_one, $array_two);

$array_three = array_combine(array_reverse($array_one), $array_two);

$array_three = array_merge($array_one, $array_two);

$array_three = array_reverse($array_one) + $array_two;

11.Which of the following functions are used with the internal array pointer to accomplish an action?

key

forward

prev

current

next

12.What SimpleXML function is used to parse a file?

simplexml_load_file()

simplexml_load_string()

load()

loadFile()

loadXML()

None of the above

13.Consider the following table data and PHP code. What is the outcome? Table data (table name "users" with primary key "id"): id name email ------- ----------- ------------------- 1 anna [email protected] 2 betty [email protected] 3 clara [email protected] 5 sue [email protected] PHP code (assume the PDO connection is correctly established): $dsn = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=exam'; $user = 'username'; $pass = '********'; $pdo = new PDO($dsn, $user, $pass); $cmd = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = :id"; $stmt = $pdo->prepare($cmd); $id = 3; $stmt->bindParam('id', $id); $stmt->execute(); $stmt->bindColumn(3, $result); $row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_BOUND);

The database will return no rows.

The value of $row will be an array.

The value of $result will be empty.

The value of $result will be '[email protected]'.

14.Transactions are used to...

guarantee high performance

secure data consistency

secure access to the database

reduce the database server overhead

reduce code size in PHP

15.What is the best way to ensure that a user-defined function is always passed an object as its single parameter?

function myfunction(stdClass $a)

function myfunction($a = stdClass)

Use is_object() within the function

There is no way to ensure the parameter will be an object.

function myfunction(Object $a)

16.What would go in place of ?????? below to make this script execute without a fatal error? $a = 1; $b = 0; /* ?????? */ $c = $a / $b;

quit();

die();

stop();

__halt_compiler();

exit();

17.What would you replace ??????? with, below, to make the string Hello, World! be displayed? function myfunction() { /* ??????? */ print $string; } myfunction("Hello, World!");

There is no way to do this.

$string = $argv[1];

$string = $_ARGV[0];

list($string) = func_get_args();

$string = get_function_args();

18.What is the output of the following function? function &find_variable(&$one, &$two, &$three) { if($one > 10 && $one < 20) return $one; if($two > 10 && $two < 20) return $two; if($three > 10 && $three < 20) return $three; } $one = 2; $two = 20; $three = 15; $var = &find_variable($one, $two, $three); $var++; print "1: $one, 2: $two, 3: $three";

1: 2, 2: 20, 3: 15

1: 3, 2: 21, 3: 16

1: 2, 2: 21, 3: 15

1: 3, 2: 20, 3: 15

1: 2, 2: 20, 3: 16

19.How does one access standard input/output and error streams in PHP 5?

STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR constants

Use stdin(), stdout() and stderr() functions

PHP::STDIN, PHP::STDOUT and PHP::STDERR class constants

Use PHP::stdin(), PHP::stdout() and PHP::stderr() class functions

20.The ______ keyword is used to indicate an incomplete class or method, which must be further extended and/or implemented in order to be used.

final

protected

incomplete

abstract

implements

21.Type-hinting and the instanceof keyword can be used to check what types of things about variables?

If a particular child class extends from it

If they are an instance of a particular interface

If they are an abstract class

If they have a particular parent class

If they are an instance of a particular class

22.What three special methods can be used to perform special logic in the event a particular accessed method or member variable is not found?

__get($variable)

__call($method, $params)

__destruct()

__set($variable, $value)

__call($method)

23.Which of the following php.ini directives should be disabled to improve the outward security of your application?

safe_mode

magic_quotes_gpc

register_globals

display_errors

allow_url_fopen

24. Which of the following list of potential data sources should be considered trusted?

$_ENV

$_GET

$__COOKIE

$_SERVER

None of the above

25.When implementing a permissions system for your Web site, what should always be done with regards to the session?

You should not implement permission systems using sessions

Sessions should be cleared of all data and re-populated

The session key should be regenerated

The session should be destroyed

None of the above

26.What is the output of the following code? $string = "14302"; $string[$string[2]] = "4"; print $string;

14304

14342

44302

14402

Array

27.If regular expressions must be used, in general which type of regular expression functions available to PHP is preferred for performance reasons?

strtok() using regular expressions

preg_* regular expression functions

parse_str() using regular expressions

strregex* regular expression functions

ereg* regular expression functions

28.Consider the following HTML fragment: <select name="???????" multiple> <option value="1">Item #1</option> <!-- ... more options ... --> </select> Which of the following name attributes should be used to capture all of the data from the user in PHP?

myselectbox=array()

myselectbox[]

myselectbox['multiple']

myselectbox{'multiple'}

myselectbox

29.How does one create a cookie which will exist only until the browser session is terminated?

You cannot create cookies that expire when the browser session is terminated

Setting the expiration time for a cookie to a time in the distant future

Do not provide a cookie expiration time

Enable Cookie Security

Set a cookie without a domain

30.One can ensure that headers can always be sent from a PHP script by doing what?

Enable header buffering in PHP 5

Set the header.force INI directive to true

Enable output buffering in PHP 5

There is no way to ensure that headers can always be set, they must always be checked

None of the above