U.S. STATS

United States · 289 indicators · 1976 → 2026

Fifty years of American life in numbers — work, money, housing, wealth, school, health, substance use, crime, family, happiness, trust, government, and energy — every series pulled straight from the agency or survey that publishes it. No vibes, just the data.

50 YearsSince 200010 Years5 Years1 Year
┊ dashed lines mark 1979 Oil shock & inflation peak · 1987 Black Monday crash · 1991 Gulf War recession · 2001 Dot-com bust & 9/11 · 2008 Global financial crisis · 2020 COVID-19 pandemic

Economy & Work →

Unemployment Ratepercent, annual average · FRED UNRATE
4.3%2026 thru Jul
−3.4 pts since 1976
7.7% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Underemployment (U-6)percent, annual average · 1994–2026 · FRED U6RATE
8.0%2026 thru Jul
−2.9 pts since 1994
10.9% then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Labor Force Participationpercent, annual average · FRED CIVPART
61.8%2026 thru Jul
+0.2 pts since 1976
61.6% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Prime-Age Employment Ratepercent of 25–54-year-olds employed, annual average · BLS Current Population Survey via FRED (LNS12300060)
80.6%2026 YTD
+10 pts since 1976
70.6% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Women's Share of Payroll Jobspercent of all nonfarm payroll jobs held by women · BLS Current Employment Statistics, via FRED (CES0000000010 ÷ PAYEMS)
50.0%2026 thru Jul
+11 pts since 1976
38.9% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Real GDP Growthpercent per year · FRED A191RL1A225NBEA
2.1%2025
−3.3 pts since 1976
5.4% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Labor Productivityindex, 2017 = 100 · FRED OPHNFB
119.82026 thru Apr
+149% since 1976
48.1 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
CPI Inflationpercent per year · FRED CPIAUCSL
3.3%2026 thru Jul
−2.5 pts since 1976
5.8% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Real Median Household Income2024 dollars · 1984–2024 · FRED MEHOINUSA672N
$83,7302024
+39% since 1984
$60,420 then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Manufacturing Jobsemployees, annual average · FRED MANEMP
12.60M2026 thru Jul
−28% since 1976
17.54M then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Union Membershippercent of employed wage and salary workers who are union members · 1983–2025 · BLS Current Population Survey (series LUU0204899600)
10.0%2025
−10 pts since 1983
20.1% then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
New Business Applicationsapplications per year · 2005–2025 · FRED BABATOTALSAUS
5.64M2025
+125% since 2005
2.50M then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20

Money & Debt →

Revolving Consumer Creditbillions of dollars, year-end · FRED REVOLSL
$1,351B2026 thru Jun
+8088% since 1976
$17B then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Credit Card Delinquency Ratepercent of credit card balances 30+ days past due, all commercial banks, annual average · 1991–2026 · Federal Reserve Board via FRED (DRCCLACBS)
2.88%2026 YTD
−2.47 pts since 1991
5.35% then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Consumer Bankruptciesthousands of consumers with a new bankruptcy notation per year · 2003–2025 · Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Household Debt and Credit Report (Consumer Credit Panel/Equifax)
0.50M2025
−78% since 2003
2.30M then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Student Loan Debtbillions of dollars, year-end · 2006–2024 · FRED SLOAS
$1,777B2024
+241% since 2006
$521B then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Personal Saving Ratepercent of disposable income · FRED PSAVERT
3.4%2026 thru Jun
−8.2 pts since 1976
11.6% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Household Debt Service Ratiopercent of disposable income · 2005–2026 · FRED TDSP
11.2%2026 thru Jan
−3.7 pts since 2005
14.9% then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Federal Debt to GDPpercent of GDP · FRED GFDEGDQ188S
122.6%2026 thru Jan
+89 pts since 1976
33.5% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Federal Funds Ratepercent, annual average · FRED FEDFUNDS
3.64%2026 thru Jul
−1.4 pts since 1976
5.04% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
30-Year Mortgage Ratepercent, annual average · FRED MORTGAGE30US
6.35%2026 thru Aug
−2.5 pts since 1976
8.87% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Stock Market (NASDAQ)index, annual average of daily closes · FRED NASDAQCOM
24,5032026 thru Aug
up from near zero since 1976
90 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20

Cost of Living →

Median Home Sale Pricedollars, annual average · FRED MSPUS
$409,6002026 thru Apr
+826% since 1976
$44,225 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
RentCPI index, 1982-84 = 100 · FRED CUUR0000SEHA
4452026 thru Jul
+628% since 1976
61 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Homeownership Ratepercent of households, annual average · FRED RHORUSQ156N
65.2%2026 thru Apr
+0.5 pts since 1976
64.7% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Housing Startsunits per year · FRED HOUST
1.36M2026 thru Jul
−12% since 1976
1.53M then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Regular Gasoline Pricedollars per gallon, annual average · 1990–2026 · FRED GASREGW
$3.742026 thru Aug
+188% since 1990
$1.30 then
Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Electricity Pricedollars per kilowatt-hour · 1978–2026 · FRED APU000072610
$0.1942026 thru Jul
+322% since 1978
$0.046 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20

Wealth & Inequality →

Income Inequality (Gini)Gini index, 0-100 · 1976–2024 · FRED SIPOVGINIUSA
41.82024
+6.2 pts since 1976
35.6 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Top 1% Wealth Sharepercent of household net worth · 1989–2026 · FRED WFRBST01134
31.6%2026 thru Jan
+8.7 pts since 1989
22.9% then
Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Poverty Ratepercent of people, all ages · 1989–2024 · FRED PPAAUS00000A156NCEN
12.1%2024
−0.7 pts since 1989
12.8% then
Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Child Poverty Ratepercent of people under 18 below the official poverty line · 1976–2024 · Census Bureau, CPS ASEC Historical Poverty Table 3
14.3%2024
−1.7 pts since 1976
16.0% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
On Food Stamps (SNAP)percent of US residents receiving SNAP, fiscal-year average · USDA Food and Nutrition Service, SNAP Annual Summary; population from BEA via FRED (POPTHM)
12.4%2025
+3.9 pts since 1976
8.5% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Food Insecuritypercent of households food insecure at some time during the year · 2001–2024 · USDA Economic Research Service, Household Food Security in the United States
13.7%2024
+3.0 pts since 2001
10.7% then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20

Education →

College Attainmentpercent of adults 25 and over · 1976–2024 · Census Bureau, CPS Historical Table A-2
38.7%2024
+24 pts since 1976
14.7% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
College TuitionCPI index, 1982-84 = 100 · 1978–2026 · FRED CUSR0000SEEB
9112026 thru Jul
+1423% since 1978
60 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Reading Score, Age 13 (NAEP LTT)average long-term-trend reading scale score, age 13 (0–500) · 1980–2023 · NCES, National Assessment of Educational Progress
2562023
−3 pts since 1980
259 then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Math Score, Age 13 (NAEP LTT)average long-term-trend mathematics scale score, age 13 (0–500) · 1978–2023 · NCES, National Assessment of Educational Progress
2712023
+7 pts since 1978
264 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Science Knowledge (NAEP)grade-8 average science scale score (0–300) · 2009–2024 · NCES, National Assessment of Educational Progress
1502024
−0 pts since 2009
150 then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Civics Knowledge (NAEP)grade-8 average civics scale score (0–300) · 1998–2022 · NCES, National Assessment of Educational Progress
1502022
+0 pts since 1998
150 then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
U.S. History Knowledge (NAEP)grade-8 average U.S. history scale score (0–500) · 1994–2022 · NCES, National Assessment of Educational Progress
2582022
−1 pts since 1994
259 then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Geography Knowledge (NAEP)grade-8 average geography scale score (0–500) · 1994–2018 · NCES, National Assessment of Educational Progress
2582018
−1 pts since 1994
260 then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08
Can Name All Three Branches of Governmentpercent of adults naming all three branches (online panel) · 2022–2025 · Annenberg Public Policy Center, Constitution Day Civics Survey
70%2025
−2.0 pts since 2022
72% then
Vocabulary Test Scoremean correct answers on the GSS 10-word vocabulary test · 1976–2024 · NORC General Social Survey (cumulative file 1972–2024)
6.332024
+0.34 of 10 since 1976
5.99 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Time Spent Readingminutes per day reading for personal interest, all people 15+ · 2003–2025 · BLS American Time Use Survey (series TUU10101AA01006315)
16 min2025
−5 min since 2003
22 min then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Read on an Average Daypercent of people 15+ who read for personal interest on an average day · 2003–2025 · BLS American Time Use Survey (series TUU30105AA01006315)
16.1%2025
−10 pts since 2003
26.3% then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Read Any Book Last Yearpercent of adults who read any book not required for work or school, past 12 months · 2002–2022 · National Endowment for the Arts, Survey of Public Participation in the Arts (with the Census Bureau)
48.5%2022
−8.1 pts since 2002
56.6% then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Books Read per Yearmean books read, all or part of the way through, past year · 1990–2021 · Gallup
12.62021
−18% since 1990
15.3 then
Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Read a Book Last Year (any format)percent of adults who read a book, in whole or in part, in any format, past 12 months · 2011–2025 · Pew Research Center
75%2025
−3.0 pts since 2011
78% then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20

Health →

Life Expectancy at Birthyears at birth, both sexes · 1976–2024 · CDC/NCHS National Vital Statistics
79.02024
+6.1 yrs since 1976
72.9 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Infant Mortalityinfant deaths per 1,000 live births · 1976–2024 · CDC/NCHS National Vital Statistics System (via data.cdc.gov)
5.52024
−64% since 1976
15.2 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Uninsured Ratepercent of the civilian noninstitutionalized population without health insurance · 2008–2024 · Census Bureau, American Community Survey (Table HIC-4_ACS)
8.2%2024
−6.4 pts since 2008
14.6% then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Couldn't Afford Prescriptionspercent of people who did not get needed prescription drugs in the past 12 months because of cost · 1997–2019 · CDC/NCHS Health, United States (National Health Interview Survey), via Data Query System
5.6%2019
+0.8 pts since 1997
4.8% then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08
Health Spendingpercent of GDP · 1980–2024 · CMS National Health Expenditure Accounts, via CDC/NCHS Data Query System
18.0%2024
+9.1 pts since 1980
8.9% then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Suicide Rateage-adjusted deaths per 100,000 · 2000–2024 · CDC/NCHS, age-adjusted
13.72024
+32% since 2000
10.4 then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Suicide Rate, Ages 15–24deaths per 100,000 people in the age group (crude) · 1980–2024 · CDC/NCHS National Vital Statistics System (Health, United States + Data Query System)
13.22024
+7% since 1980
12.3 then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Suicide Rate, Ages 45–64deaths per 100,000 people in the age group (crude) · 1980–2024 · CDC/NCHS National Vital Statistics System (Health, United States + Data Query System)
18.72024
+18% since 1980
15.9 then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Drug Overdose Deathsage-adjusted deaths per 100,000 · 2000–2024 · CDC/NCHS, age-adjusted
23.12024
+273% since 2000
6.2 then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Firearm Deathsfirearm-related deaths per 100,000 people (crude), all intents · 1980–2025 · CDC/NCHS Health, United States 2017 Table 31; CDC Injury Center firearm mortality (NVSS)
12.62025
−15% since 1980
14.9 then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Traffic Deaths per 100M Milesmotor-vehicle traffic deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled · 1976–2024 · NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) / FHWA vehicle miles
1.192024
−63% since 1976
3.25 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20

Substance Use →

Adult Smoking Ratepercent of adults, current cigarette smokers (crude) · 2000–2024 · CDC National Health Interview Survey
9.9%2024
−13 pts since 2000
23.3% then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Marijuana Use, Past Yearpercent of people 12+ who used marijuana in the past year · 2002–2025 · SAMHSA, National Survey on Drug Use and Health
21.2%2025
+10 pts since 2002
11% then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Teen Marijuana Usepercent of 12th graders using marijuana in the past 30 days · 1980–2024 · Monitoring the Future (University of Michigan), via CDC/NCHS Data Query System
16.2%2024
−18 pts since 1980
33.7% then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Alcohol Consumption per Capitagallons of pure ethanol per person aged 14+, per year · 1976–2023 · NIAAA Surveillance Report #122, Table 1
2.48 gal2023
−7% since 1976
2.66 gal then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Teen Binge Drinkingpercent of 12th graders using — five or more drinks in a row — in the past 30 days · 1980–2024 · Monitoring the Future (University of Michigan), via CDC/NCHS Data Query System
8.8%2024
−32 pts since 1980
41.2% then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20

Crime & Justice →

Violent Crime Rateoffenses per 100,000 people · FBI Crime Data Explorer, reported violent crime
329.12025
−30% since 1976
467.8 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Property Crime Rateoffenses per 100,000 people · FBI Crime Data Explorer, reported property crime
1,551.62025
−68% since 1976
4,819.5 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Homicide Rateoffenses per 100,000 people · 2000–2025 · FBI Crime Data Explorer, reported homicide
4.32025
−26% since 2000
5.8 then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Aggravated assaultreported offenses per 100,000 people covered by reporting agencies · 2000–2024 · computed from FBI Crime Data Explorer monthly participating-agency offense counts, per 100,000 covered population (not the FBI's estimated national rate)
257.52024
−25% since 2000
343.1 then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Robberyreported offenses per 100,000 people covered by reporting agencies · 2000–2025 · computed from FBI Crime Data Explorer monthly participating-agency offense counts, per 100,000 covered population (not the FBI's estimated national rate)
50.22025
−68% since 2000
157.7 then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Burglaryreported offenses per 100,000 people covered by reporting agencies · 2000–2025 · computed from FBI Crime Data Explorer monthly participating-agency offense counts, per 100,000 covered population (not the FBI's estimated national rate)
196.12025
−74% since 2000
757.6 then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Motor vehicle theftreported offenses per 100,000 people covered by reporting agencies · 2000–2025 · computed from FBI Crime Data Explorer monthly participating-agency offense counts, per 100,000 covered population (not the FBI's estimated national rate)
201.12025
−54% since 2000
441.1 then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Violent victimization (NCVS)victimizations per 1,000 persons age 12 or older · 1993–2024 · Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey
23.32024
−71% since 1993
79.8 then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Property victimization (NCVS)victimizations per 1,000 households · 1993–2024 · Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey
97.62024
−72% since 1993
351.8 then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Violent victimizations reported to police (share)percent of violent victimizations reported to police · 1993–2024 · Computed from Bureau of Justice Statistics, NCVS, Criminal Victimization 2024 Appendix table 1
48.1%2024
+5.7 pts since 1993
42.4% then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Perceived national crime trend: more than a year agopercent of adults who say there is more crime in the U.S. than a year ago · 1989–2025 · Gallup, Crime
49%2025
−35 pts since 1989
84% then
Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Afraid to walk alone at nightpercent of adults who say they would be afraid to walk alone at night within a mile of their home · Gallup, Crime
31%2025
−14 pts since 1977
45% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Afraid to walk alone at night (GSS)percent of adults who say they are afraid to walk alone at night in their neighborhood · 1976–2024 · Computed from NORC General Social Survey cumulative public microdata, 1972–2024
33%2024
−9.6 pts since 1976
42% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Favor the death penalty for murder (GSS)percent of adults who say they favor the death penalty for persons convicted of murder · 1976–2024 · Computed from NORC General Social Survey cumulative public microdata, 1972–2024
62%2024
−7.0 pts since 1976
69% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Courts not harsh enough on criminals (GSS)percent of adults who say local courts do not deal harshly enough with criminals · 1976–2024 · Computed from NORC General Social Survey cumulative public microdata, 1972–2024
59%2024
−27 pts since 1976
86% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Gun in the home (GSS)percent of adults who say they have a gun in their home · 1976–2024 · Computed from NORC General Social Survey cumulative public microdata, 1972–2024
39%2024
−10 pts since 1976
49% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Imprisonment Ratepercent of US residents in state or federal prison · 1978–2023 · BJS National Prisoner Statistics
0.36%2023
+0.23 pts since 1978
0.13% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Jail incarceration ratepersons held in local jail per 100,000 U.S. residents · 2012–2024 · Bureau of Justice Statistics, Annual Survey of Jails / Census of Jails
1942024
−18% since 2012
237 then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Adults under correctional supervisionpersons under adult correctional supervision per 100,000 adult U.S. residents · 2003–2023 · Bureau of Justice Statistics, Correctional Populations in the United States
2,1002023
−33% since 2003
3,150 then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Federal prison populationpersons in Bureau of Prisons custody · 1980–2025 · Federal Bureau of Prisons, Past Population Totals
155,2702025
+530% since 1980
24,640 then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Federal offenders sentencedfelony and Class A misdemeanor cases with an individual sentenced · 2002–2025 · United States Sentencing Commission, Sourcebook of Federal Sentencing Statistics
66,6622025
+4% since 2002
64,366 then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Persons under sentence of deathpersons · 1976–2023 · Bureau of Justice Statistics, Capital Punishment in the United States
2,1922023
+422% since 1976
420 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Executionsexecutions · 1976–2023 · Bureau of Justice Statistics, Capital Punishment in the United States
242023
up from zero since 1976
0 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Fraud reportsreports · 2001–2024 · Federal Trade Commission, Consumer Sentinel Network Data Book 2024
2.60M2024
+1794% since 2001
0.14M then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Identity theft reportsreports · 2001–2024 · Federal Trade Commission, Consumer Sentinel Network Data Book 2024
1.14M2024
+1216% since 2001
0.09M then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Internet crime complaints (IC3)complaints · 2011–2025 · FBI Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3), Annual Report
1.01M2025
+221% since 2011
0.31M then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Internet crime losses (IC3)$ billions reported lost · 2011–2025 · FBI Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3), Annual Report
$20.9B2025
+4202% since 2011
$0.5B then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20

Family & Society →

Marriage Ratemarriages per 1,000 population · 1976–2023 · CDC/NCHS National Vital Statistics System
6.12023
−38% since 1976
9.9 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Divorce Ratedivorces per 1,000 population (reporting states) · 1976–2023 · CDC/NCHS National Vital Statistics System
2.42023
−52% since 1976
5.0 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Median age at first marriage, menyears · U.S. Census Bureau, historical family and living-arrangement tables
30.82025
+7.0 yrs since 1976
23.8 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Married population aged 15 and olderpercent · 1980–2025 · computed from the U.S. Census Bureau historical family and living-arrangement tables (counts divided within the same table)
50.4%2025
−11 pts since 1980
61.0% then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Unmarried opposite-sex couples, direct measurethousands of couples · 1996–2023 · U.S. Census Bureau, historical family and living-arrangement tables
9.48M2023
+232% since 1996
2.86M then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Total Fertility Ratebirths per woman (total fertility rate) · 1976–2024 · CDC/NCHS, Births: Final Data
1.602024
−8% since 1976
1.74 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Live birthsbirths · 1976–2024 · CDC/NCHS, Births and General Fertility Rates: United States, extended by NVSR 75-2 Table 1
3.63M2024
+15% since 1976
3.17M then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Mean age of mother at first live birthyears · 1976–2024 · CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics Reports (mean age of mother, by live-birth order)
27.62024
+5.6 yrs since 1976
22.0 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Teen Birth Ratebirths per 1,000 females aged 15–19 · 1976–2024 · CDC/NCHS National Vital Statistics System (Health, United States + Data Query System)
12.62024
−76% since 1976
52.8 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Births to Unmarried Motherspercent of all US births · 1976–2015 · CDC/NCHS National Vital Statistics System
40.3%2015
+25 pts since 1976
14.8% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08
Women aged 40–44 who are childlesspercent · 1976–2024 · U.S. Census Bureau, CPS June fertility supplement, Historical Table 1
18.8%2024
+8.6 pts since 1976
10.2% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Married-couple householdspercent of households · computed from the U.S. Census Bureau historical family and living-arrangement tables (counts divided within the same table)
46.6%2025
−18 pts since 1976
64.9% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
One-person householdspercent of households · computed from the U.S. Census Bureau historical family and living-arrangement tables (counts divided within the same table)
29.5%2025
+8.9 pts since 1976
20.6% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Average household sizepeople per household · U.S. Census Bureau, historical family and living-arrangement tables
2.502025
−0.39 pts since 1976
2.89 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Children living with two parentspercent of children under 18 · computed from the U.S. Census Bureau historical family and living-arrangement tables (counts divided within the same table)
70.4%2025
−9.6 pts since 1976
80.0% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
One-parent families with own children under 18percent of families with own children under 18 · computed from the U.S. Census Bureau historical family and living-arrangement tables (counts divided within the same table)
30.5%2025
+14 pts since 1976
16.8% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Adults aged 25–34 living with parentspercent · 1980–2025 · computed from the U.S. Census Bureau historical family and living-arrangement tables (counts divided within the same table)
16.4%2025
+7.8 pts since 1980
8.7% then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Moved residence in the preceding yearpercent of population aged 1 and older · 1976–2023 · U.S. Census Bureau, CPS ASEC Geographic Mobility Table A-1
7.8%2023
−9.9 pts since 1976
17.7% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Children in foster care on September 30children · 2009–2025 · ACF Children's Bureau, AFCARS
331,7472025
−22% since 2009
423,000 then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Child maltreatment victimsvictims per 1,000 children · 2005–2023 · ACF Children's Bureau, Child Maltreatment / NCANDS
7.42023
−32% since 2005
10.9 then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Time socializing and communicatinghours/day · 2003–2025 · BLS American Time Use Survey Table A-1 and public API
0.58 h2025
−26% since 2003
0.78 h then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Time watching televisionhours/day · 2003–2025 · BLS American Time Use Survey Table A-1 and public API
2.61 h2025
+1% since 2003
2.58 h then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Time caring for household childrenhours/day · 2003–2025 · BLS American Time Use Survey Table A-1 and public API
0.36 h2025
−14% since 2003
0.42 h then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Time sleepinghours/day · 2003–2025 · BLS American Time Use Survey Table A-1 and public API
9.03 h2025
+5% since 2003
8.57 h then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Attend religious services nearly weekly or morepercent of valid weighted adult responses · 1976–2024 · computed from the NORC General Social Survey cumulative microdata (WTSSPS-weighted shares)
26%2024
−9.1 pts since 1976
35% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
No religious preferencepercent of valid weighted adult responses · 1976–2024 · computed from the NORC General Social Survey cumulative microdata (WTSSPS-weighted shares)
26%2024
+18 pts since 1976
8% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Social evenings with friends at least several times a monthpercent of valid weighted adult responses · 1977–2024 · computed from the NORC General Social Survey cumulative microdata (WTSSPS-weighted shares)
36%2024
−7.1 pts since 1977
44% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Population Growthpercent per year · FRED B230RC0A052NBEA
0.54%2025
−0.4 pts since 1976
0.97% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Median age of the resident populationyears · 2000–2025 · U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program
39.42025
+4.0 yrs since 2000
35.4 then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Resident population age 65 and older% · 2000–2025 · computed from U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program age-group counts (65 and older divided by total)
18.9%2025
+6.5 pts since 2000
12.4% then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Foreign-born population, decennial censuspercent · 1980–2000 · decennial census only, ends 2000 · U.S. Census Bureau, Working Paper 81, Table 1
11.1%2000
+4.9 pts since 1980
6.2% then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91
Persons obtaining lawful permanent resident statuspeople · 1976–2023 · DHS Office of Homeland Security Statistics, 2023 Yearbook Table 1
1.17M2023
+135% since 1976
0.50M then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Persons naturalizedpeople · 1976–2023 · DHS Office of Homeland Security Statistics, 2023 Yearbook Table 20
878,4602023
+362% since 1976
189,990 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
DHS initial enforcement actionsactions · 1976–2023 · DHS Office of Homeland Security Statistics, 2023 Yearbook Table 33
2.82M2023
+157% since 1976
1.10M then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20

Happiness & Outlook →

HappinessCantril ladder score (0-10) · 2006–2025 · World Happiness Report (Gallup World Poll)
6.972025
−0.2 pts since 2006
7.18 then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Very Happypercent of adults "very happy" · 1976–2024 · NORC General Social Survey (cumulative file 1972–2024)
23.4%2024
−11 pts since 1976
34.4% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Not Too Happypercent of adults who say they are not too happy · 1976–2024 · computed from NORC General Social Survey (cumulative file 1972–2024)
20%2024
+8.0 pts since 1976
12% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Life Is Excitingpercent of adults who find life exciting · 1976–2024 · NORC General Social Survey (cumulative file 1972–2024)
37%2024
−7.9 pts since 1976
45% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Marriage Is Very Happypercent of married adults who say their marriage is very happy · 1976–2024 · computed from NORC General Social Survey (cumulative file 1972–2024)
61%2024
−5.6 pts since 1976
66% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Very Satisfied With Jobpercent of employed adults very satisfied with their job · 1976–2024 · computed from NORC General Social Survey (cumulative file 1972–2024)
45%2024
−5.2 pts since 1976
50% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Satisfied With Personal Lifepercent satisfied · 1979–2025 · Gallup, Mood of the Nation
81%2025
+2.0 pts since 1979
79% then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Very Satisfied With Personal Lifepercent very satisfied · 2001–2025 · Gallup, Mood of the Nation
44%2025
−11 pts since 2001
55% then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Optimistic About Life in 5 Yearspercent rating their expected life in five years 8–10 on a 0–10 ladder · 2009–2026 · Gallup National Health and Well-Being Index
59.7%2026 YTD
−3.3 pts since 2009
63% then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Satisfied With How Things Are Going in the U.S.percent satisfied, annual average of Gallup readings · 1979–2026 · Gallup, Satisfaction With the United States
24.5%2026 thru Aug
+5.5 pts since 1979
19% then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Better Off Than Parentspercent whose standard of living is better than their parents' at the same age · 1994–2024 · NORC General Social Survey (cumulative file 1972–2024)
54.5%2024
−11 pts since 1994
65.3% then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Kids Will Be Better Offpercent expecting their children's standard of living to be better than their own · 1994–2024 · NORC General Social Survey (cumulative file 1972–2024)
58.8%2024
+6.6 pts since 1994
52.2% then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Expect to Be Better Off Next Yearpercent expecting to be better off financially a year from now · 1978–2025 · University of Michigan Surveys of Consumers, Table 8
26%2025
−1.0 pts since 1978
27% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Consumer Sentiment Index (University of Michigan)index, 1966 Q1 = 100 · University of Michigan Surveys of Consumers
52.22026 thru Aug
−34 pts since 1976
86.0 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Gallup Economic Confidence Indexindex, net percent (can range roughly -100 to +100) · 1996–2026 · computed from Gallup Economic Confidence Index monthly readings (annual mean)
−262026 thru Apr
−40 pts since 1996
+14 then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Good Time to Find a Quality Jobpercent saying now is a good time to find a quality job · 2001–2026 · computed from Gallup Good Time to Find a Quality Job monthly readings (annual mean)
36%2026 thru Apr
+7.7 pts since 2001
28% then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Satisfied With Financespercent pretty well satisfied with their financial situation · 1976–2024 · NORC General Social Survey (cumulative file 1972–2024)
22.6%2024
−8.0 pts since 1976
30.6% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Personal Finances Getting Better (Gallup)percent saying their financial situation is getting better · 2001–2025 · Gallup, Personal Finances Getting Better (Gallup)
38%2025
−21 pts since 2001
59% then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Doing at Least Okay Financiallypercent of adults · 2013–2025 · Federal Reserve Board, Survey of Household Economics and Decisionmaking
73%2025
+11 pts since 2013
62% then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Could Cover a $400 Emergency Expensepercent of adults · 2013–2025 · Federal Reserve Board, Survey of Household Economics and Decisionmaking
63%2025
+13 pts since 2013
50% then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
People Try to Be Helpfulpercent saying most people try to be helpful (vs. looking out for themselves) · 1976–2024 · computed from NORC General Social Survey (cumulative file 1972–2024)
38%2024
−4.3 pts since 1976
42% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
People Try to Be Fairpercent saying most people try to be fair (vs. would take advantage) · 1976–2024 · computed from NORC General Social Survey (cumulative file 1972–2024)
42%2024
−16 pts since 1976
58% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Average Person's Lot Is Getting Worsepercent agreeing the lot of the average person is getting worse · 1976–1994 · GSS item retired, ends 1994 · computed from NORC General Social Survey (cumulative file 1972–2024)
69%1994
+7.6 pts since 1976
61% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91
Rate Their Mental Health Excellentpercent of adults rating their own mental health excellent · 2001–2025 · Gallup, Rate Their Mental Health Excellent
29%2025
−14 pts since 2001
43% then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Frequent Mental Distress (BRFSS State Median)percent of adults, median across states and DC · 2019–2024 · CDC, BRFSS Prevalence and Trends Data
15.6%2024
+1.8 pts since 2019
13.8% then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Serious Psychological Distress (NHIS)percent of adults aged 18 and over, age-adjusted · 1998–2016 · NHIS item ended with the 2019 redesign · NCHS, Health, United States 2017, Table 46
3.6%2016
+0.4 pts since 1998
3.2% then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08
Any Mental Illness, Past Yearpercent of adults aged 18 or older · 2008–2025 · SAMHSA, National Survey on Drug Use and Health
20.6%2025
+2.9 pts since 2008
17.7% then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Serious Mental Illness, Past Yearpercent of adults aged 18 or older · 2008–2025 · SAMHSA, National Survey on Drug Use and Health
6.9%2025
+3.2 pts since 2008
3.7% then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Adult Major Depressive Episode, Past Yearpercent of adults aged 18 or older · 2005–2025 · SAMHSA, National Survey on Drug Use and Health
7.4%2025
+0.8 pts since 2005
6.6% then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Adolescent Major Depressive Episode, Past Yearpercent of adolescents aged 12–17 · 2004–2025 · SAMHSA, National Survey on Drug Use and Health
15.1%2025
+6.1 pts since 2004
9.0% then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Persistent Feelings of Sadness or Hopelessness (YRBS)percent of high school students · 2013–2023 · CDC, Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data Summary & Trends Report 2013–2023
40%2023
+10 pts since 2013
30% then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Seriously Considered Attempting Suicide (YRBS)percent of high school students · 2013–2023 · CDC, Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data Summary & Trends Report 2013–2023
20%2023
+3.0 pts since 2013
17% then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Antidepressant Use in the Past Month (NHANES)percent of adults aged 18 and over · 2010–2018 · NCHS, NHANES, Data Briefs 283 and 377
13.8%2018
+3.2 pts since 2010
10.6% then

Trust & Institutions →

Trust in Governmentpercent trusting the federal government · Pew Research Center, Public Trust in Government 1958-2025
17%2025
−16 pts since 1976
33% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Trust in Mass Mediapercent with a great deal or fair amount of trust · Gallup, Media Use and Evaluation
28%2025
−44 pts since 1976
72% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Most People Can Be Trustedpercent saying most people can be trusted · 1976–2024 · NORC General Social Survey (cumulative file 1972–2024)
24.8%2024
−18 pts since 1976
43% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Confidence in Congresspercent with a great deal or quite a lot of confidence · Gallup, Confidence in Institutions
9%2026
−31 pts since 1977
40% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Confidence in the Presidencypercent with a great deal or quite a lot of confidence · 1991–2026 · Gallup, Confidence in Institutions
27%2026
−23 pts since 1991
50% then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Confidence in the Supreme Courtpercent with a great deal or quite a lot of confidence · Gallup, Confidence in Institutions
27%2026
−18 pts since 1977
45% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Confidence in the Policepercent with a great deal or quite a lot of confidence · 1993–2026 · Gallup, Confidence in Institutions
45%2026
−7.0 pts since 1993
52% then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Confidence in the Militarypercent with a great deal or quite a lot of confidence · Gallup, Confidence in Institutions
61%2026
+4.0 pts since 1977
57% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Confidence in Public Schoolspercent with a great deal or quite a lot of confidence · Gallup, Confidence in Institutions
27%2026
−26 pts since 1977
53% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Confidence in Educationpercent with a great deal of confidence in the people running education · 1976–2024 · NORC General Social Survey (cumulative file 1972–2024)
19.8%2024
−19 pts since 1976
38.4% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Confidence in Sciencepercent with a great deal of confidence in the scientific community · 1976–2024 · NORC General Social Survey (cumulative file 1972–2024)
36.3%2024
−12 pts since 1976
47.9% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Confidence in the Medical Systempercent with a great deal or quite a lot of confidence · Gallup, Confidence in Institutions
28%2026
−46 pts since 1977
74% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Confidence in Big Businesspercent with a great deal or quite a lot of confidence · Gallup, Confidence in Institutions
17%2026
−15 pts since 1977
32% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Confidence in Bankspercent with a great deal or quite a lot of confidence · 1979–2026 · Gallup, Confidence in Institutions
28%2026
−32 pts since 1979
60% then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Confidence in Organized Religionpercent with a great deal or quite a lot of confidence · Gallup, Confidence in Institutions
33%2026
−31 pts since 1977
64% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20

Government & Democracy →

Voter Turnoutpercent of voting-age population, presidential elections · 1976–2024 · Census Bureau, CPS Voting and Registration, Table A-1
59.3%2024
+0.1 pts since 1976
59.2% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Federal Deficitpercent of GDP (negative = deficit) · FRED FYFSGDA188S
−5.8%2025
−1.9 pts since 1976
−3.9% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20

Energy →

Crude oil productionthousand barrels/day · U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review
13.59M b/d2025
+67% since 1976
8.13M b/d then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Natural gas marketed productionbillion cubic feet · U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review
43.23 Tcf2025
+117% since 1976
19.95 Tcf then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Coal productionthousand short tons · U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review
528M short tons2025
−23% since 1976
685M short tons then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Petroleum net importsthousand barrels/day · U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review
−2.80M b/d2025
−9887 thousand b/d since 1976
7.09M b/d then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Refinery crude inputthousand barrels/day · U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review
16.37M b/d2025
+22% since 1976
13.42M b/d then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Strategic Petroleum Reservemillion barrels · U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review
413M bbl2025
+5446% since 1977
7M bbl then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Proved crude oil reservesmillion barrels · 1976–2021 · EIA's latest estimate is 2021 · U.S. Energy Information Administration, crude oil proved reserves
41.2B bbl2021
+33% since 1976
30.9B bbl then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Rotary rig countrigs · U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review
5612025
−66% since 1976
1,658 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Total electricity generationGWh · U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review
4430 TWh2025
+117% since 1976
2041 TWh then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Natural gas electricity generationGWh · U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review
1807 TWh2025
+513% since 1976
295 TWh then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Coal electricity generationGWh · U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review
737 TWh2025
−22% since 1976
944 TWh then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Nuclear electricity generationGWh · U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review
785 TWh2025
+311% since 1976
191 TWh then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Hydroelectric generationGWh · U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review
247 TWh2025
−14% since 1976
287 TWh then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Wind electricity generationGWh · 1983–2025 · U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review
464 TWh2025
up from near zero since 1983
0 TWh then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Solar electricity generationGWh · 1984–2025 · U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review
296 TWh2025
up from near zero since 1984
0 TWh then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Renewable Share of Energypercent of total US energy consumption · EIA Monthly Energy Review, Tables 1.1 and 10.1
9.2%2025
+5.5 pts since 1976
3.7% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Total generating capacityGW · U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review
1279 GW2025
+147% since 1976
517 GW then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Battery storage capacityGW · 2010–2025 · U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review
42.8 GW2025
up from near zero since 2010
0.0 GW then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Operable nuclear reactorsreactors · U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review
942025
+49% since 1976
63 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Nuclear capacity factorpercent · U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review
91.0%2025
+36 pts since 1976
54.7% then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Residential electricity salesGWh · U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review
1515 TWh2025
+150% since 1976
606 TWh then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Commercial electricity salesGWh · U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review
1493 TWh2025
+204% since 1976
492 TWh then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Industrial electricity salesGWh · U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review
1042 TWh2025
+38% since 1976
754 TWh then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Energy production/consumptionratio · computed from U.S. Energy Information Administration annual series
1.112025
+0.31 pts since 1976
0.80 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Energy consumption per capitamillion Btu/person · U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review
282 million Btu2025
−17% since 1976
339 million Btu then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Energy intensitythousand Btu/real dollar · U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review
4.042025
−65% since 1976
11.57 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Vehicle miles traveledmillion vehicle miles · 1980–2023 · Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics 2023
3.25T mi2023
+113% since 1980
1.53T mi then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Heating degree daysdegree days · U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review
4,0212025
−22% since 1976
5,177 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Cooling degree daysdegree days · U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review
1,5402025
+67% since 1976
923 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20

Environment & Climate →

Mauna Loa atmospheric CO2ppm · NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory
427.4 ppm2025
+29% since 1976
332.0 ppm then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Global atmospheric CO2 growthppm/year · NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory
2.06 ppm2025
+1.09 pts since 1976
0.97 ppm then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Global atmospheric methaneppb · 1984–2025 · NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory
1936 ppb2025
+18% since 1984
1645 ppb then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Annual Greenhouse Gas Index1990 = 1 · 1979–2024 · NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory
1.5382024
+97% since 1979
0.780 then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
CO2 Emissionsmillion metric tons per year · EIA Monthly Energy Review, Table 11.1
4,9042025
+4% since 1976
4,695 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Energy CO2 per capitametric tons/person · U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review
14.3 t2025
−33% since 1976
21.5 t then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Electricity CO2 intensitymetric tons/MWh · computed from U.S. Energy Information Administration annual series
0.347 t2025
−48% since 1976
0.664 t then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Global land/ocean temperature anomaly°C vs 1901–2000 · NOAA NCEI Climate at a Glance
+1.12°2025
+1.18°C since 1976
−0.06° then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
US Average Temperaturedegrees Fahrenheit, annual mean · NOAA NCEI, Climate at a Glance
54.63°2025
+3.2°F since 1976
51.46° then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Contiguous US precipitationinches · NOAA NCEI Climate at a Glance
29.3 in2025
+11% since 1976
26.3 in then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Global mean sea levelmm above the satellite-era reference mean (NOAA STAR sea level anomaly) · 1993–2024 · computed from NOAA STAR satellite altimetry
+81.9 mm2024
+101.3 mm since 1993
−19.4 mm then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Arctic September sea ice extentmillion km² · 1979–2025 · NSIDC Sea Ice Index
4.75M km²2025
−33% since 1979
7.05M km² then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Wildfire acres burnedacres · 1983–2025 · National Interagency Fire Center
5.1M ac2025
+288% since 1983
1.3M ac then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Atlantic tropical storms and hurricanessystems reaching tropical-storm strength (≥34 kt) · computed from NOAA NHC Atlantic HURDAT2
132025
+30% since 1976
10 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
US tornadoestornadoes · 1976–2024 · computed from NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado records
1,7652024
+113% since 1976
828 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Major disaster declarationsdeclarations · computed from OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries
612025
+85% since 1976
33 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Billion-dollar disastersevents · 1980–2024 · retired by NOAA, ends 2024 · computed from NOAA NCEI billion-dollar disaster individual event records
272024
+800% since 1980
3 then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Billion-dollar disaster costbillion CPI-adjusted dollars · 1980–2024 · retired by NOAA, ends 2024 · computed from NOAA NCEI billion-dollar disaster individual event records
$183B2024
+300% since 1980
$46B then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
SO2 emissions excluding wildfiresthousand short tons · 1980–2025 · U.S. EPA National Emissions Inventory trends
1.6M t2025
−94% since 1980
25.9M t then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
NOx emissions excluding wildfiresthousand short tons · 1980–2025 · U.S. EPA National Emissions Inventory trends
7.9M t2025
−71% since 1980
27.1M t then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
PM2.5 emissions excluding wildfiresthousand short tons · 2002–2025 · U.S. EPA National Emissions Inventory trends
4.2M t2025
−5% since 2002
4.4M t then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
VOC emissions excluding wildfiresthousand short tons · 1980–2025 · U.S. EPA National Emissions Inventory trends
12.3M t2025
−59% since 1980
30.1M t then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Unhealthy-or-worse AQI days across ten metrosmetro-days · 1980–2025 · computed from U.S. EPA AQS annual AQI by CBSA
622025
−91% since 1980
656 then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20

Employment & Jobs →

Job Openingsopenings, thousands, seasonally adjusted, last business day of month · 2001–2026 · BLS Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey, via FRED JTSJOL
7.23M2026 thru Jul
+66% since 2001
4.35M then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Hireshires per month, thousands, seasonally adjusted · 2001–2026 · BLS Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey, via FRED JTSHIL
5.23M2026 thru Jul
+0% since 2001
5.21M then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Layoffs & Dischargeslayoffs and discharges per month, thousands, seasonally adjusted · 2001–2026 · BLS Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey, via FRED JTSLDL
1.73M2026 thru Jul
−16% since 2001
2.07M then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Initial Jobless Claimsinitial claims per week, seasonally adjusted, monthly average · US Employment and Training Administration, via FRED ICSA
211K2026 thru Aug
−45% since 1976
383K then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Job Postings Index (Indeed)index, February 1, 2020 = 100, monthly average of daily values, seasonally adjusted · 2020–2026 · Indeed Hiring Lab, via FRED IHLIDXUS
102.62026 thru Aug
+22% since 2020
83.8 then
Software Postings Index (Indeed)index, February 1, 2020 = 100, monthly average of daily values, seasonally adjusted · 2020–2026 · Indeed Hiring Lab, via FRED IHLIDXUSTPSOFTDEVE
72.42026 thru Aug
−8% since 2020
79.0 then
Customer Service Postings (Indeed)index, February 1, 2020 = 100, monthly average of daily values, seasonally adjusted · 2020–2026 · Indeed Hiring Lab, via FRED IHLIDXUSTPCUSTSERV
89.82026 thru Aug
+10% since 2020
81.8 then
Temporary Help Jobsemployees, thousands, seasonally adjusted · 1990–2026 · BLS Current Employment Statistics, via FRED TEMPHELPS
2.49M2026 thru Aug
+116% since 1990
1.16M then
Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Recent Grad Unemploymentpercent, ages 22–27 with a bachelor's degree or higher, seasonally adjusted 3-month average · 1990–2026 · Federal Reserve Bank of New York, The Labor Market for Recent College Graduates
5.6%2026 thru Jun
+2.0 pts since 1990
3.6% then
Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Recent Grad Underemploymentpercent working in jobs that do not typically require a college degree, ages 22–27 with a bachelor's degree or higher · 1990–2026 · Federal Reserve Bank of New York, The Labor Market for Recent College Graduates
41.7%2026 thru Jun
−2.4 pts since 1990
44.1% then
Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Young Workers in AI-Exposed Jobs (Stanford index)employment index, ages 22–25 in the most AI-exposed occupation quintile, November 2022 = 100 · 2022–2026 · Stanford Digital Economy Lab, AI Economic Indicators (Brynjolfsson, Chandar & Chen, "Canaries in the Coal Mine")
88.82026 thru Jul
−8% since 2022
96.2 then
Mid-Career Workers in AI-Exposed Jobs (Stanford index)employment index, ages 35–40 in the most AI-exposed occupation quintile, November 2022 = 100 · 2022–2026 · Stanford Digital Economy Lab, AI Economic Indicators (Brynjolfsson, Chandar & Chen, "Canaries in the Coal Mine")
109.22026 thru Jul
+12% since 2022
97.4 then
Occupational Churn (Yale index)dissimilarity index, percentage-point shift in the occupational mix over the prior 12 months, 12-month moving average · 2023–2026 · Yale Budget Lab, Tracking the Impact of AI on the Labor Market (from CPS microdata)
3.432026 thru Jul
+11% since 2023
3.10 then
Computer Systems Design Jobsemployees, thousands, seasonally adjusted · 1990–2026 · BLS Current Employment Statistics, via FRED CES6054150001
2.37M2026 thru Aug
+473% since 1990
414K then
Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Information Sector Jobsemployees, thousands, seasonally adjusted · BLS Current Employment Statistics, via FRED USINFO
2.78M2026 thru Aug
+32% since 1976
2.11M then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Computing Infrastructure Jobsemployees, thousands, seasonally adjusted · 1990–2026 · BLS Current Employment Statistics, via FRED CES5051800001
462K2026 thru Aug
+119% since 1990
211K then
Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Business Support Jobs (Call Centers)employees, thousands, seasonally adjusted · 1990–2026 · BLS Current Employment Statistics, via FRED CES6056140001
628K2026 thru Aug
+24% since 1990
506K then
Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Computer Programmers Employedemployed, May of each year · 2019–2025 · BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (SOC 15-1251)
92,2302025
−54% since 2019
199,540 then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Software Developers Employedemployed, May of each year · 2021–2025 · BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (SOC 15-1252)
1,687,8902025
+24% since 2021
1,364,180 then
Customer Service Reps Employedemployed, May of each year · 2019–2025 · BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (SOC 43-4051)
2,595,7502025
−11% since 2019
2,919,230 then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Data Entry Keyers Employedemployed, May of each year · 2019–2025 · BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (SOC 43-9021)
127,0802025
−21% since 2019
159,930 then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Upwork Gross Services Volumethousands of US dollars transacted per year · 2016–2025 · Upwork Inc., Form 10-K key metrics (SEC EDGAR)
4.03B2025
+251% since 2016
1.15B then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Fiverr Active Buyersthousands of buyers who ordered in the prior 12 months, at year-end · 2019–2026 · Fiverr International Ltd., Forms 20-F and 6-K (SEC EDGAR)
2.68M2026 thru Jun
+14% since 2019
2.35M then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Job Postings Mentioning AI (Indeed)percent of US job postings, monthly average of daily values · 2019–2026 · Indeed Hiring Lab AI Tracker (GitHub, CC BY 4.0)
5.40%2026 thru Jul
+3.7 pts since 2019
1.74% then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Workers Using GenAI for Workpercent of employed adults 18–64 · 2024–2026 · Real-Time Population Survey (Bick, Blandin & Deming), via FRED RPSGENAIUSAGESHAREWORK
44.3%2026 thru Apr
+12 pts since 2024
32.1% then
Employees Using AI at Workpercent of U.S. employees using AI in their role at least a few times a year · 2023–2026 · Gallup workforce study
51%2026 thru Apr
+30 pts since 2023
21% then
Employees Using AI Dailypercent of U.S. employees using AI in their role daily · 2023–2026 · Gallup workforce study
14%2026 thru Apr
+10 pts since 2023
4% then
Businesses Paying for AI (Ramp)percent of US businesses on Ramp with a paid AI transaction in the month · 2023–2026 · Ramp Economics Lab, Ramp AI Index
52.2%2026 thru Jul
+28 pts since 2023
24.4% then
Job Cuts Attributed to AIannounced job cuts per year citing artificial intelligence as the reason · 2023–2026 · Challenger, Gray & Christmas, Job Cut Announcement Report
116,1752026 thru Aug
+2635% since 2023
4,247 then
Expect AI to Reduce Jobspercent of U.S. adults expecting AI to reduce the total number of U.S. jobs over the next 10 years · 2023–2026 · Bentley University–Gallup Business in Society study
79%2026
+4.0 pts since 2023
75% then

Disease & Vaccination →

Measles (rubeola)reported cases per 100,000 population · 1980–2026 · NCHS Health, United States (Table IDNotif) · CDC NNDSS annual summary via WONDER
0.912026 thru Sep
−85% since 1980
5.96 then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Pertussis (whooping cough)reported cases per 100,000 population · 1980–2023 · NCHS Health, United States (Table IDNotif) · CDC NNDSS annual summary via WONDER
2.092023
+175% since 1980
0.76 then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Tuberculosisreported cases per 100,000 population · 1980–2023 · NCHS Health, United States (Table IDNotif) · CDC NNDSS annual summary via WONDER
2.862023
−77% since 1980
12.25 then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Lyme diseasereported cases per 100,000 population · 2008–2023 · NCHS Health, United States (Table IDNotif) · CDC NNDSS annual summary via WONDER
26.542023
+127% since 2008
11.67 then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Syphilis, Primary and secondaryreported cases per 100,000 population · 1980–2023 · NCHS Health, United States (Table IDNotif) · CDC NNDSS annual summary via WONDER
15.722023
+31% since 1980
12.00 then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Congenital syphilisreported cases · 1980–2023 · NCHS Health, United States (Table IDNotif) · CDC NNDSS annual summary via WONDER
3,8822023
+1301% since 1980
277 then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Gonorrheareported cases per 100,000 population · 1980–2023 · NCHS Health, United States (Table IDNotif) · CDC NNDSS annual summary via WONDER
178.32023
−60% since 1980
442.1 then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Chlamydiareported cases per 100,000 population · 1985–2023 · NCHS Health, United States (Table IDNotif) · CDC NNDSS annual summary via WONDER
488.92023
+2707% since 1985
17.42 then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Acute hepatitis A viral infectionreported cases per 100,000 population · 1980–2023 · NCHS Health, United States (Table IDNotif) · CDC NNDSS annual summary via WONDER
0.492023
−96% since 1980
12.84 then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Acute hepatitis B viral infectionreported cases per 100,000 population · 1980–2023 · NCHS Health, United States (Table IDNotif) · CDC NNDSS annual summary via WONDER
0.662023
−92% since 1980
8.39 then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Acute hepatitis C viral infectionreported cases per 100,000 population · 1990–2023 · NCHS Health, United States (Table IDNotif) · CDC NNDSS annual summary via WONDER
1.642023
+59% since 1990
1.03 then
Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Mumpsreported cases per 100,000 population · 1980–2023 · NCHS Health, United States (Table IDNotif) · CDC NNDSS annual summary via WONDER
0.132023
−97% since 1980
3.86 then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Meningococcal diseasereported cases per 100,000 population · 1980–2023 · NCHS Health, United States (Table IDNotif) · CDC NNDSS annual summary via WONDER
0.132023
−90% since 1980
1.25 then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Haemophilus influenzae, invasive disease, all serotypes, all agesreported cases per 100,000 population · 1991–2023 · NCHS Health, United States (Table IDNotif) · CDC NNDSS annual summary via WONDER
2.022023
+84% since 1991
1.10 then
Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Salmonellosis (excluding Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi infections)reported cases per 100,000 population · 1980–2023 · NCHS Health, United States (Table IDNotif) · CDC NNDSS annual summary via WONDER
18.072023
+21% since 1980
14.88 then
Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Influenza and pneumoniaage-adjusted deaths per 100,000 population (2000 U.S. standard population) · 1976–2024 · NCHS Health, United States (Table SlctMort) · CDC WONDER Underlying Cause of Death (final)
11.22024
−71% since 1976
38.8 then
Oil shock & inflation peak (1979)’79Black Monday crash (1987)’87Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diseaseage-adjusted deaths per 100,000 population (2000 U.S. standard population) · 1987–2024 · NCHS Health, United States (Table SlctMort) · CDC WONDER Underlying Cause of Death (final)
1.22024
−79% since 1987
5.6 then
Gulf War recession (1991)’91Dot-com bust & 9/11 (2001)’01Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
COVID-19 deathsdeaths · 2020–2026 · National Center for Health Statistics, Provisional COVID-19 Death Counts by Week Ending Date and State
6,1782026
−98% since 2020
367,923 then
MMR ≥1 dose by 24 monthspercent · 2011–2022 · CDC NIS-Child (ChildVaxView), National Immunization Survey
91.4%2022
+1.3 pts since 2011
90.1% then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
DTaP ≥4 doses by 24 monthspercent · 2011–2022 · CDC NIS-Child (ChildVaxView), National Immunization Survey
80.9%2022
+0.2 pts since 2011
80.7% then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Combined 7-vaccine series by 24 monthspercent · 2011–2022 · CDC NIS-Child (ChildVaxView), National Immunization Survey
69.0%2022
+1.3 pts since 2011
67.7% then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
MMR coverage among kindergartners, nationalpercent · 2010–2026 · CDC School Vaccination Assessment (SchoolVaxView)
92.4%2026
−2.0 pts since 2010
94.4% then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Kindergartners with any vaccination exemptionpercent · 2010–2026 · CDC School Vaccination Assessment (SchoolVaxView)
4.2%2026
+2.5 pts since 2010
1.7% then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Kindergartners with a non-medical vaccination exemptionpercent · 2010–2026 · CDC School Vaccination Assessment (SchoolVaxView)
4.0%2026
+2.5 pts since 2010
1.5% then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Tdap ≥1 dose, ages 13–17 yearspercent · 2006–2025 · CDC NIS-Teen (TeenVaxView), National Immunization Survey
88.8%2025
+78 pts since 2006
10.8% then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
HPV ≥1 dose, females aged 13–17 yearspercent · 2006–2025 · CDC NIS-Teen (TeenVaxView), National Immunization Survey
78.7%2025
+78 pts since 2006
1.0% then
Global financial crisis (2008)’08COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Seasonal influenza vaccination, ≥6 months, nationalpercent · 2011–2025 · CDC FluVaxView
43.8%2025
+0.8 pts since 2011
43.0% then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Seasonal influenza vaccination, ≥65 years, FluVaxViewpercent · 2011–2025 · CDC FluVaxView
63.8%2025
−2.8 pts since 2011
66.6% then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Pneumococcal vaccination, ≥65 years, CDC adult coveragepercent · 2008–2024 · CDC adult vaccination coverage
70.3%2024
+4.5 pts since 2008
65.8% then
COVID-19 pandemic (2020)’20
Categories
Economy & Work → Money & Debt → Cost of Living → Wealth & Inequality → Education → Health → Substance Use → Crime & Justice → Family & Society → Happiness & Outlook → Trust & Institutions → Government & Democracy → Energy → Environment & Climate → Employment & Jobs → Disease & Vaccination →