{"id":1661,"date":"2025-01-13T10:00:46","date_gmt":"2025-01-13T03:00:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/?page_id=1661"},"modified":"2025-01-13T10:24:38","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T03:24:38","slug":"plpgsql-assert","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/plpgsql\/plpgsql-assert\/","title":{"rendered":"PL\/pgSQL ASSERT"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you&#8217;ll learn how to use the PL\/pgSQL <code>ASSERT<\/code> statement to debug and validate assumptions in your code.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='introduction-to-the-plpgsql-assert-statement'>Introduction to the PL\/pgSQL ASSERT Statement <a href=\"#introduction-to-the-plpgsql-assert-statement\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"introduction-to-the-plpgsql-assert-statement\" title=\"Anchor for Introduction to the PL\/pgSQL ASSERT Statement\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>ASSERT<\/code> statement evaluates a condition and raises an error if the condition does not evaluate to true.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>ASSERT<\/code> statement is helpful for the following scenarios:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Verifying preconditions and postconditions of functions and procedures.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Detecting unexpected conditions during development.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Debugging complex logic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s the syntax of the <code>ASSERT<\/code> statement:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ASSERT<\/span> condition &#91; , message ];<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this syntax:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>condition<\/code> is a Boolean expression that the <code>ASSERT<\/code> statement evaluates. If the <code>condition<\/code> is not <code>true<\/code>, the assertion will fail.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>message<\/code> is a custom error message to send back to the client when the assertion fails. Therefore, you should use a meaningful message to make troubleshooting easier.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='configuration-parameters'>Configuration Parameters <a href=\"#configuration-parameters\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"configuration-parameters\" title=\"Anchor for Configuration Parameters\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>PostgreSQL uses the <code>plpgsql.check_asserts<\/code> configuration parameter to turn assertions on and off.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can check the current status of the <code>plpgsql.check_asserts<\/code> parameter using the following statement:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SHOW<\/span> plpgsql.check_asserts;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"> plpgsql.check_asserts\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">-----------------------<\/span>\n <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">on<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>To enable assertions, you can set the <code>plpgsql.check_asserts<\/code> parameter to <code>true<\/code> in your session:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SET<\/span> plpgsql.check_asserts = <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">true<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Please note that you should disable assertions in your production environment to avoid performance overhead. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To do that, you can set the <code>plpgsql.check_asserts<\/code> configuration parameter to <code>false<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SET<\/span> plpgsql.check_asserts = <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">false<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='basic-plpgsql-assert-usage'>Basic PL\/pgSQL ASSERT Usage <a href=\"#basic-plpgsql-assert-usage\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"basic-plpgsql-assert-usage\" title=\"Anchor for Basic PL\/pgSQL ASSERT Usage\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example shows how the <code>ASSERT<\/code> statement works:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">DO<\/span>\n$$<span class=\"pgsql\">\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BEGIN<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ASSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span> + <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span> = <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>;\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ASSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span> + <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span> = <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'This is not mathematically true'<\/span>;\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">END<\/span>;\n$$<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">LANGUAGE<\/span> plpgsql;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=RE8gJCQgQkVHSU4gQVNTRVJUIDEgKyAxID0gMjsgQVNTRVJUIDEgKyAxID0gMywgJ1RoaXMgaXMgbm90IG1hdGhlbWF0aWNhbGx5IHRydWUnOyBFTkQ7ICQkIExBTkdVQUdFIHBscGdzcWw7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you run the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/plpgsql\/plpgsql-blocks\/\">block<\/a>, you&#8217;ll see the message in the output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\">ERROR:  This <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">is<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">not<\/span> mathematically <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">true<\/span>\nCONTEXT:  PL\/pgSQL <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">function<\/span> inline_code_block <span class=\"hljs-type\">line<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span> at <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ASSERT<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='checking-preconditions'>Checking Preconditions <a href=\"#checking-preconditions\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"checking-preconditions\" title=\"Anchor for Checking Preconditions\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example uses the <code>ASSERT<\/code> statement to ensure the caller provides positive numbers:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-8\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">OR REPLACE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FUNCTION<\/span> update_product_weight(\n    id <span class=\"hljs-type\">INT<\/span>, \n    new_weight <span class=\"hljs-type\">DEC<\/span>\n) \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">RETURNS<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-type\">VOID<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span>\n$$<span class=\"pgsql\">\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BEGIN<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ASSERT<\/span> id &gt; <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'The id must be positive'<\/span>;\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ASSERT<\/span> new_weight &gt; <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'The new_weight must be positive'<\/span>;\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">UPDATE<\/span> products\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SET<\/span> weight = new_weight\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> product_id = id;\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">END<\/span>;\n$$<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">LANGUAGE<\/span> plpgsql;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-8\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=Q1JFQVRFIE9SIFJFUExBQ0UgRlVOQ1RJT04gdXBkYXRlX3Byb2R1Y3Rfd2VpZ2h0KAogICAgaWQgSU5ULCAKICAgIG5ld193ZWlnaHQgREVDCikgClJFVFVSTlMgVk9JRApBUwokJApCRUdJTgoKICAgIEFTU0VSVCBpZCA%2BIDAsICdUaGUgaWQgbXVzdCBiZSBwb3NpdGl2ZSc7CiAgICBBU1NFUlQgbmV3X3dlaWdodCA%2BIDAsICdUaGUgbmV3X3dlaWdodCBtdXN0IGJlIHBvc2l0aXZlJzsKCiAgICBVUERBVEUgcHJvZHVjdHMKICAgIFNFVCB3ZWlnaHQgPSBuZXdfd2VpZ2h0CiAgICBXSEVSRSBwcm9kdWN0X2lkID0gaWQ7CgpFTkQ7CiQkCkxBTkdVQUdFIHBscGdzcWw7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The following statement calls the <code>update_product_weight<\/code> function to update the weight for the product with id 1 to 0:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-9\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> update_product_weight(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-9\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUIHVwZGF0ZV9wcm9kdWN0X3dlaWdodCAoMSwgMCk7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Error:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-10\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\">ERROR:  The new_weight must be positive\nCONTEXT:  PL\/pgSQL <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">function<\/span> update_product_weight(<span class=\"hljs-type\">integer<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-type\">numeric<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-type\">line<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span> at <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ASSERT<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-10\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='debugging-logic-example'>Debugging Logic Example <a href=\"#debugging-logic-example\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"debugging-logic-example\" title=\"Anchor for Debugging Logic Example\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>ASSERT<\/code> statement can help you examine complex logic by verifying intermediate states. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, the following <code>calculate_stock<\/code> function uses an <code>ASSERT<\/code> statement to verify if the stock is greater than zero:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-11\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">OR REPLACE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FUNCTION<\/span> calculate_stock(\n     onhand_stock <span class=\"hljs-type\">INT<\/span>, \n     safety_stock <span class=\"hljs-type\">INT<\/span>\n)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">RETURNS<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-type\">INT<\/span> \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> \n$$<span class=\"pgsql\">\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">DECLARE<\/span>\n    v_stock <span class=\"hljs-type\">DEC<\/span>;\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BEGIN<\/span>\n    v_stock = onhand_stock - safety_stock;\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ASSERT<\/span> v_stock &gt;= <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>,  <span class=\"hljs-string\">'The stock cannot be negative'<\/span>;\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">RETURN<\/span> v_stock;\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">END<\/span>;\n$$<\/span> \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">LANGUAGE<\/span> plpgsql;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-11\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=Q1JFQVRFIE9SIFJFUExBQ0UgRlVOQ1RJT04gY2FsY3VsYXRlX3N0b2NrKAogICAgIG9uaGFuZF9zdG9jayBJTlQsIAogICAgIHNhZmV0eV9zdG9jayBJTlQKKQpSRVRVUk5TIElOVCAKQVMgCiQkCkRFQ0xBUkUKICAgIHZfc3RvY2sgREVDOwpCRUdJTgogICAgdl9zdG9jayA9IG9uaGFuZF9zdG9jayAtIHNhZmV0eV9zdG9jazsKICAgIEFTU0VSVCB2X3N0b2NrID49IDAsICAnVGhlIHN0b2NrIGNhbm5vdCBiZSBuZWdhdGl2ZSc7CiAgICBSRVRVUk4gdl9zdG9jazsKRU5EOwokJCAKTEFOR1VBR0UgcGxwZ3NxbDs%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example raises an error because the input arguments cause the stock to be negative:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-12\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> calculate_stock(<span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">20<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-12\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUIGNhbGN1bGF0ZV9zdG9jaygxMCwgMjApOw%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Error:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-13\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"pgsql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-pgsql\">ERROR:  The stock cannot be negative\nCONTEXT:  PL\/pgSQL <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">function<\/span> calculate_stock(<span class=\"hljs-type\">integer<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-type\">integer<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-type\">line<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-number\">6<\/span> at <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ASSERT<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-13\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL\/pgSQL<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">pgsql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='summary'>Summary <a href=\"#summary\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"summary\" title=\"Anchor for Summary\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use the <code>ASSERT<\/code> statement to check for assumptions and troubleshoot your code.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='quiz'>Quiz <a href=\"#quiz\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"quiz\" title=\"Anchor for Quiz\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\"\n  name=\"quiz\"\n  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Introduction to the PL\/pgSQL ASSERT Statement # The ASSERT statement evaluates a condition and raises an error if the condition does not evaluate to true. The ASSERT statement is helpful for the following scenarios: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1420,"menu_order":16,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1661","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>PL\/pgSQL ASSERT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In this tutorial, you&#039;ll learn how to use the PL\/pgSQL ASSERT statement to debug and validate assumptions in your code.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/plpgsql\/plpgsql-assert\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" 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