{"id":95,"date":"2021-03-08T00:17:59","date_gmt":"2021-03-08T00:17:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phptutorial.net\/?page_id=95"},"modified":"2025-04-07T11:37:19","modified_gmt":"2025-04-07T11:37:19","slug":"php-magic-methods","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.phptutorial.net\/php-oop\/php-magic-methods\/","title":{"rendered":"PHP Magic Methods"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you will learn about PHP magic methods that override the default actions when the object performs the actions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Introduction to PHP magic methods #<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

PHP magic methods are special methods in a class<\/a>. The magic methods override the default actions when the object performs the actions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By convention, the names of magic methods start with a double underscore (__<\/code>). And PHP reserves the methods whose names start with a double underscore (__<\/code>) for magic methods. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

So far, you have learned that the constructor<\/a> and destructor<\/a> use the __construct()<\/code> and __destruct()<\/code> methods. In fact, the constructor and destructor are also magic methods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The __construct()<\/code> method is invoked automatically when an object is created and the __destruct()<\/code> is called when the object is deleted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Besides the __contruct()<\/code> and __destruct()<\/code> methods, PHP also has the following magic methods:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Magic Method<\/th>Description<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
__call()<\/a><\/td>is triggered when invoking an inaccessible instance method<\/td><\/tr>
__callStatic()<\/a><\/td>is triggered when invoking an inaccessible static method<\/td><\/tr>
__get()<\/td>is invoked when reading the value from a non-existing or inaccessible property<\/td><\/tr>
 __set()<\/td>is invoked when writing a value to a non-existing or inaccessible property<\/td><\/tr>
 __isset()<\/td>is triggered by calling isset() or empty() on a non-existing or inaccessible property<\/td><\/tr>
__unset()<\/td>is invoked when unset() is used on a non-existing or inaccessible property.<\/td><\/tr>
__sleep()<\/td>The __sleep() commits the pending data <\/td><\/tr>
__wakeup()<\/td>is invoked when the unserialize() runs to reconstruct any resource that an object may have.<\/td><\/tr>
__serialize()<\/td>The serialize() calls __serialize(), if available, and construct and return an associative array of key\/value pairs that represent the serialized form of the object.<\/td><\/tr>
__unserialize()<\/td>The unserialize() calls __unserialize(), if avaialble, and restore the properties of the object from the array returned by the __unserialize() method.<\/td><\/tr>
__toString()<\/a><\/td>is invoked when an object of a class is treated as a string.<\/td><\/tr>
__invoke()<\/td>is invoked when an object is called as a function<\/td><\/tr>
__set_state()<\/td>is called for a class exported by var_export()<\/td><\/tr>
__clone()<\/a><\/td>is called once the cloning is complete<\/td><\/tr>
__debugInfo()<\/td>is called by var_dump()<\/code> when dumping an object to get the properties that should be shown.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

This tutorial will focus on the __set()<\/code> and __get()<\/code> methods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PHP __set() method #<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When you attempt to write to a non-existing or inaccessible property, PHP calls the __set()<\/code> method automatically. The following shows the syntax of the __set()<\/code> method:<\/p>\n\n\n

public<\/span> __set ( string $name , mixed $value ) : void<\/code><\/span>Code language:<\/span> PHP<\/span> (<\/span>php<\/span>)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n
The __set()<\/code> method accepts the name and value of the property that you write to. The following example illustrates how to use the __set()<\/code> method:<\/p>\n\n\n
<?php<\/span>\n\nclass<\/span> HtmlElement<\/span>\n<\/span>{\n\tprivate<\/span> $attributes = [];\n\n\tprivate<\/span> $tag;\n\n\tpublic<\/span> function<\/span> __construct<\/span>($tag)<\/span>\n\t<\/span>{\n\t\t$this<\/span>->tag = $tag;\n\t}\n\n\tpublic<\/span> function<\/span> __set<\/span>($name, $value)<\/span>\n\t<\/span>{\n\t\t$this<\/span>->attributes[$name] = $value;\n\t}\n\n\tpublic<\/span> function<\/span> html<\/span>($innerHTML = ''<\/span>)<\/span>\n\t<\/span>{\n\t\t$html = \"<{$this->tag}\"<\/span>;\n\t\tforeach<\/span> ($this<\/span>->attributes as<\/span> $key => $value) {\n\t\t\t$html .= ' '<\/span> . $key . '=\"'<\/span> . $value . '\"'<\/span>;\n\t\t}\n\t\t$html .= '>'<\/span>;\n\t\t$html .= $innerHTML;\n\t\t$html .= \"<\/$this->tag>\"<\/span>;\n\n\t\treturn<\/span> $html;\n\t}\n}<\/span><\/code><\/span>Code language:<\/span> HTML, XML<\/span> (<\/span>xml<\/span>)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n
How it works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n