Glossary
Browse all terms alphabetically.
#
A
- Abductive Logic Programming (ALP)
- Abstract Data Types (ADTs)
- Abstraction
- Accountability
- ACID properties
- ACID transactions
- Actionable intelligence
- Activation functions
- Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS)
- Active learning in machine learning
- Active noise cancellation (ANC)
- Adaptive Gradient Algorithm
- Address space
- Advanced analytics
- Adversarial machine learning
- Agentic AI
- Agentic RAG
- AI accelerators
- AI agents
- AI alignment
- AI art
- AI assistants
- AI browser
- AI Center of Excellence (AI CoE)
- AI chip
- AI content moderation
- AI copilots
- AI data labeling
- AI democratization
- AI ethics
- AI factory
- AI fairness
- AI firewall
- AI hallucinations
- AI inference
- AI observability
- AI Overviews
- AI PC
- AI prompt engineer
- AI prompts
- AI psychosis
- AI readiness
- AI red teaming
- AI slop
- AI steerability
- AI supercomputers
- AI watermarking
- AI winter
- AI/ML model validation
- Algorithm
- Algorithmic transparency
- Allscripts EHR systems
- Amazon AI
- Amazon Bedrock
- Amazon machine learning
- Ampere
- Ampere hour (Ah)
- Analytics databases
- Anaplan
- ANFIS
- Anomaly detection
- API endpoints
- Apple Intelligence
- Apple User Enrollment
- Artificial general intelligence (AGI)
- Artificial intelligence (AI)
- Artificial intelligence as a service (AIaaS)
- Artificial intelligence of things (AIoT)
- Artificial neural networks (ANNs)
- Artificial neuron
- ASCII
- Asilomar AI Principles
- Assistive technology
- Association rules
- Attention in machine learning
- Attributes
- Attributes in computing
- Augmented analytics
- Augmented intelligence
- Auto-encoders
- Automated machine learning (AutoML)
- Automated reasoning
- AutoML
- Autonomous AI
- Autonomous AI agents
- Autoregressive models
- AV
- Availability bias
- Average precision
- AWS Lambda
- AWS SageMaker
- Azure Data Studio
B
- Backpropagation
- Backpropagation algorithm
- Bagging in machine learning
- Baseline distribution
- Baseline models
- Batch normalization
- Bayes' Theorem
- BERT
- BERT
- Beta testing
- BI dashboard
- Bias-variance tradeoff
- Big data
- Big Data as a Service (BDaaS)
- Big data engineer
- Big data management
- Binary
- Binary classification
- Binary cross entropy
- Binary files
- Binomial distribution
- BIOS (basic input/output system)
- Biotechnology
- Bit (binary digit)
- Bitcoin
- Black box AI models
- BLEU (Bilingual Evaluation Understudy)
- Bloatware
- Blockchain storage
- Blog
- Boolean logic
- Bootstrap
- Brain-computer interface (BCI)
- Brontobyte
- Brute-force attacks
- Business analytics
- Business continuity
C
- Caching
- Calculator
- Calibration curve
- Call management
- Canonical schema
- Capacity management
- Case-based reasoning
- Catastrophic forgetting
- CatBoost
- Categorical variables
- Causal AI
- Causal language modeling (CLM)
- CD-ROM
- Cellular automata
- Centers of Excellence (CoE)
- Chain-of-thought
- Chain-of-thought prompting (CoT)
- Chat room
- Chatbot hallucinations
- Chatbots
- ChatGLM
- ChatGPT
- Chatting
- Chief data officer (CDO)
- CI/CD for machine learning
- Circuits in electronics
- Class imbalance in machine learning
- Classification thresholds
- Clickstream data
- Clinical data analyst
- Clinical decision support systems (CDSS)
- Cloud audit
- Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI)
- Cloud security
- Cloud SLA
- Cloud storage
- Cloud storage API
- Cloud storage service
- Cluster
- Cluster quorum disk
- Clustering algorithms
- Clustering in machine learning
- Code interpreter
- Cognitive automation
- Cognitive bias
- Cognitive computing
- Cognitive modeling
- Cognitive search
- Cold backups
- Compiler
- Complex Event Processing (CEP)
- Composable analytics
- Computational creativity
- Computational linguistics
- Computer hardware
- Computer memory
- Computer vision
- Computer-aided design (CAD)
- Computer-generated imagery (CGI)
- Conductor
- Configuration
- Conformed dimensions
- Confusion matrix
- Consensus algorithms
- Consumer data
- Containers
- Content analytics
- Content personalization
- Context window
- Context window in large language models (LLMs)
- Contingency plan
- Continuity of care document (CCD)
- Continuity of care record (CCR)
- Continuous integration (CI)
- Continuous intelligence
- Continuous validation and continuous integration
- Contrastive learning
- Conversational agents
- Conversational AI
- Convex optimization
- Convolutional neural networks (CNNs)
- Core banking system
- Corrective RAG (CRAG)
- Correlation
- Correlation coefficient
- Coulomb
- CRM analytics
- Cross-lingual language models
- Cross-validation
- Crypto-agility
- Cryptograms
- Curiosity AI
- Cybersecurity
D
- Dall-E
- Dark stars
- Dark web
- Data abstraction
- Data analytics
- Data anonymization
- Data architect
- Data augmentation
- Data availability
- Data binning
- Data breach
- Data catalog
- Data center services
- Data citizenship
- Data classification
- Data clean rooms
- Data cleaning
- Data collection
- Data compression
- Data de-identification
- Data decomposition
- Data definition language (DDL)
- Data destruction
- Data dignity
- Data dredging
- Data engineer
- Data exploration
- Data feeds
- Data flow diagrams
- Data governance policy
- Data granularity
- Data gravity
- Data in use
- Data ingestion
- Data integration
- Data integrity
- Data labeling
- Data lake
- Data lakehouse
- Data literacy
- Data logging
- Data loss
- Data marketplace
- Data mart
- Data masking
- Data mesh
- Data migration
- Data minimization
- Data mining
- Data mining
- Data monetization
- Data pipelines
- Data poisoning
- Data portability
- Data preprocessing
- Data processing
- Data Protection as a Service (DPaaS)
- Data protection authorities (DPAs)
- Data protection management (DPM)
- Data quality
- Data residency
- Data retention policy
- Data sampling
- Data science
- Data science platforms
- Data science techniques
- Data science tools
- Data scientist
- Data set
- Data splitting
- Data stewardship
- Data streaming
- Data structures
- Data Transfer Project (DTP)
- Data vault
- Data versioning
- Data virtualization
- Data visualization
- Data warehouse as a service (DWaaS)
- Data-centric AI
- Database management system (DBMS)
- Database marketing
- Database replication
- Database technology
- DataOps
- Datasets in machine learning
- Db2
- Decision boundary
- Decision intelligence
- Decision tree
- Decision-making process
- Deductive arguments
- Deductive reasoning
- Deep belief networks
- Deep learning
- Deep learning algorithms
- Deep Q-Network (DQN)
- Deep reinforcement learning
- Deep SHAP
- DeepEval
- Deepfake technology
- DeepMind
- Degrees of freedom
- Delivery drones
- DenseNet
- Density-based clustering
- Deprecation in IT
- Descriptive analytics
- Diffusion models
- Digital images
- Digital Process Automation (DPA)
- Digital profiling
- Digital signal processing (DSP)
- Digital technology
- Digital wallet
- Dijkstra's algorithm
- Dimension tables
- Dimensionality reduction
- Dimensions in data warehousing
- Diode
- Disaster recovery
- Displays
- Disruptive innovation
- Disruptive technology
- Distributed databases
- Distributed databases
- Distributed ledger technology (DLT)
- Distributor
- Domain
- Doomscrolling
- Dot product
- dplyr
- Drift monitoring
- Dropout
- DSN (Data Source Name)
- Dublin Core
E
- E-learning
- Early stopping
- Eclipse
- Edge AI
- Edge analytics
- Electrical current
- Electrical impedance
- Electron
- Electrostatic discharge (ESD)
- Element-of symbol
- Elements
- Embedded analytics
- Embedded devices
- Embedding projector
- Embeddings in machine learning
- Embodied AI
- Empirical research
- Empiricism
- Encoding and decoding
- Encryption key management
- Ensemble learning
- Ensemble modeling
- Enterprise generative AI
- Enterprise search
- Entity
- Entity relationship diagram (ERD)
- Epic systems
- Epoch in machine learning
- Erasure coding
- ESG
- Ethereum
- Ethical AI
- ETL pipelines
- Evolutionary algorithms
- Exabytes
- Executable file (EXE file)
- Expert systems
- Explainable AI
- Explainable AI (XAI)
- Exploratory data analysis (EDA)
- Exponential functions
- Extrapolation and interpolation
F
- F-score
- Face detection
- Facial recognition technology
- Fact tables
- Failover
- Failure analysis machine learning
- False Positive Rate
- Farad unit of capacitance
- Feature engineering
- Feature selection
- Feature vectors
- Federated learning
- Feedback loops
- Few-shot learning
- Fibonacci sequence
- File extension
- File extensions
- File synchronization
- Fine-tuning
- Firmware
- First-order logic (FOL)
- Flux
- Folium
- Foreign keys
- Frameworks
- Fréchet inception distance (FID)
- Freeware
- Front end and back end
- Fuzzy logic
G
- G-Eval framework
- Gaming
- Gaussian distribution
- Gaussian mixture model (GMM)
- Gaussian splatting
- Gemma
- Generalist language models
- Generalized linear models (GLMs)
- Generative adversarial networks (GANs)
- Generative agents
- Generative design
- Generative models
- Generative pre-trained transformer (GPT)
- Geofencing
- Going dark
- Golden dataset
- Google AI
- Google BigQuery
- Google Docs
- Google Drive
- Google Duplex
- Google Search Labs
- Googol and googolplex
- GPS coordinates
- GPT-3
- Gradient boosting decision trees
- Gradient descent
- Graph databases
- Graph neural networks (GNNs)
- GrapheneOS
- Greenwashing
- Grid computing
- Grid search
- Ground truth
- Grouped query attention
H
- Hadoop
- Hadoop as a Service (HaaS)
- Hallucinations in large language models
- Handling outliers
- Haptics
- Hash table
- Hashing
- Health informatics
- Health IT
- Heartbeat in computing
- Heat maps
- Hellinger distance
- Hexadecimal numbering
- Histogram
- Historical data
- Holdout data
- Horsepower
- HTTP
- Hugging Face
- Human-in-the-loop machine learning
- Hydraulics
- Hyperautomation
- Hyperparameter optimization
- Hyperparameter tuning
- Hyperplane
I
- I/O (Input/Output)
- IBM IMS
- IBM Watson Supercomputer
- Icons
- Iframe
- Image data collection
- Image noise
- Image recognition
- Image-to-image translation
- Imbalanced data
- Immersive virtual reality
- In-context learning
- Inception score
- Independent and identically distributed data (IID)
- Inductive argument
- Infographic
- Information retrieval
- Information systems
- Infrastructure automation
- Instance-based learning (IBL)
- Integrated circuits (ICs)
- Intelligent agents
- Intelligent document processing
- Intelligent Process Automation (IPA)
- Intelligent systems
- Intelligent workflow
- International system of units (SI)
- Internet service provider (ISP)
- Intersection over Union (IoU)
K
L
- LangChain
- Language modeling
- Large language model architecture (Llama)
- Large language models (LLMs)
- Large reasoning models (LRMs)
- Latency
- LCD
- Lead generation
- Learning rate
- Lemmatization
- Letter of intent (LOI)
- Lexical ambiguity
- LightGBM
- LIME (Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations)
- Linear regression
- Linguistic ambiguity
- Lisp programming language
- LlamaIndex
- LLM agents
- LLM alignment
- LLM APIs
- LLM app platforms
- LLM benchmarks
- LLM cost
- LLM debugger
- LLM embeddings
- LLM evaluation
- LLM evaluation framework
- LLM fine-tuning
- LLM gateway
- LLM grounding
- LLM guardrails
- LLM inference
- LLM Jacking
- LLM leaderboards
- LLM observability
- LLM output parsing
- LLM overreliance
- LLM parameters
- LLM Playground
- LLM product development
- LLM quantization
- LLM red teaming
- LLM sleeper agents
- LLM stack layers
- LLM summarization
- LLM testing
- LLM toxicity
- LLM tracing
- LLMOps
- Logic gates
- Logical equivalence
- Logistic regression
- Long short-term memory (LSTM)
- Low-rank adaptation (LoRA)
M
- Machine learning
- Machine learning algorithms
- Machine learning as a service (MLaaS)
- Machine learning bias
- Machine learning checkpointing
- Machine learning degradation
- Machine learning in software testing
- Machine learning inference
- Machine learning infrastructure
- Machine learning lifecycle
- Machine learning model accuracy
- Machine learning model deployment
- Machine learning model evaluation
- Machine learning operations (MLOps)
- Machine learning pipeline
- Machine learning workflows
- Machine teaching
- Machine translation
- Machine vision
- Malware
- Managed detection and response (MDR)
- Masked language models
- Masked Language Models (MLMs)
- Matter
- Mean absolute error (MAE)
- Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE)
- Mean squared error (MSE)
- Memory hierarchy
- Memory-augmented neural networks (MANNs)
- Meta-learning
- Metadata
- METEOR score
- Meter per second (m/s)
- MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition)
- Micro RGB
- Micro USB
- Micro-models
- Microfarad (µF)
- Microsoft Copilot
- MIDI (musical instrument digital interface)
- Milliampere-hour (mAh)
- Missing values in time series
- ML architecture
- ML diagnostics
- ML interpretability
- ML model cards
- ML model management
- ML model parameters
- ML model validation
- ML orchestration
- ML performance tracing
- ML scalability
- ML stack
- MLOps
- MLOps for generative AI
- MLOps monitoring
- Mobile app
- Mobile hotspot
- Mobile VPN
- Model behavior
- Model calibration
- Model cards
- Model drift
- Model explainability in machine learning
- Model fairness in AI and machine learning
- Model merging
- Model monitoring
- Model registry
- Model retraining
- Model robustness
- Model selection in machine learning
- Model-based machine learning (MBML)
- Model-driven architecture (MDA)
- Model-view-controller (MVC)
- Module
- Molecules
- Mouse
- Multi-class classification
- Multilayer perceptron (MLP)
- Multilevel marketing
- Multilingual LLMs
- Multimodal AI
- Multithreading
N
- Naive Bayes models
- Named entity recognition (NER)
- Nanosecond
- Narrow AI
- Natural Language Generation (NLG)
- Natural Language Processing (NLP)
- Natural Language Query (NLQ)
- Natural language understanding (NLU)
- Network drive
- Neural net processor
- Neural network tuning
- Neural networks
- Neuro-symbolic AI
- Neuromorphic computing
- Neurosynaptic chips
- No-code/low-code machine learning
- Noise in machine learning
- Noisy data
- Nonce
- Normal distribution
- Normalization in machine learning
- Normalized discounted cumulative gain (NDCG)
- NTFS
- NumPy
- NVDIMM
- Nvidia NIM
- Nvidia Omniverse
O
- Object recognition
- Object-oriented database management system (OODBMS)
- OEM (original equipment manufacturer)
- Ohm
- OLAP
- OLED TV
- One-hot encoding
- Online machine learning
- Open database connectivity (ODBC)
- Open-source LLMs
- Open-source machine learning monitoring (OSMLM)
- OpenAI
- Operating model
- Operating system (OS)
- Operational data store (ODS)
- Operational efficiency
- Operational technology (OT)
- Operators
- Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
- Out-of-distribution (OOD)
- Outliers
- Over sampling and under sampling
- Overfitting in machine learning
P
- Pagination
- Pandas and NumPy
- Pandemic plan
- Parallel file systems
- Parameter-efficient fine-tuning
- Pascal VOC
- Pathways Language Model (PaLM)
- Pattern matching
- Pattern recognition
- Perceptron
- Performance and accountability reporting (PAR)
- Permutation Importance
- Personal health records (PHR)
- Personalization engine
- Phishing
- Pivot table
- Pixel
- PL/SQL
- Planck's constant
- Planogram
- Polarity
- Pooling layers
- Population Stability Index (PSI)
- PR AUC
- Precision agriculture
- Precision in machine learning
- Prediction error
- Predictive analytics
- Predictive model validation
- Predictive modeling
- Prescriptive analytics
- Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)
- Primary key
- Principal component analysis (PCA)
- Private cloud
- Probabilistic classification
- Processors (CPUs)
- Product data management
- Prompt chaining
- Prompt engineering
- Prompt injection
- Prototype model in machine learning
- Provisioning
- Proxy servers
- Pseudocode
- Public data
- PyTorch
Q
R
- Radiology information systems (RIS)
- RAG as a Service (RAGaaS)
- RAGAS
- Random Forest
- Random initialization
- Random numbers
- Ransomware
- Ray tracing
- Real-time analytics
- Reasoning engine
- Recall in machine learning
- Recall-oriented understudy for gisting evaluation (ROUGE)
- Recommendation engine
- Records information management (RIM)
- Records retention schedule
- Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU)
- Recurrent neural networks (RNNs)
- Red teaming
- Redundancy
- Refactoring
- Reference distribution
- Regression
- Regression algorithms
- Regularization algorithms
- Regularization in machine learning
- Reinforcement learning
- Reinforcement learning from AI feedback
- Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF)
- Relational database
- Relational database management system (RDBMS)
- Report on Compliance (ROC)
- Reproducible AI
- Resistance
- Resistor
- ResNet
- Resolution
- Responsible AI
- Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)
- Retrieval-augmented language model (REALM)
- Return merchandise authorization (RMA)
- RFM analysis
- Ridge regression
- RMSProp
- Robot economy
- Robotic Process Automation (RPA)
- Robotic surgery
- Robotics
- Robots
- ROC curve
- Root cause analysis (RCA)
- Rotating proxies
S
- Salesforce Einstein 1
- SAP BW
- Scikit-learn
- Scripting
- Scrum master
- Search engine
- Security information management (SIM)
- Segment Anything Model (SAM)
- Segmentation in machine learning
- Segregation of duties (SoD)
- Selective sampling
- Self-driving cars
- Self-service analytics
- Semantic networks
- Semi-supervised learning
- Semiconductor
- Sensitive information
- Sensors
- Sentiment analysis
- Seq2Seq models
- SequenceFile
- Server
- Serverless databases
- Shadow AI
- Shadow deployment
- Shapley values
- Singularity in technology
- Siri
- Six-month moratorium
- Small and medium-sized business (SMB)
- Small language models (SLMs)
- Smart machines
- SNOMED CT
- Snowflake schema
- Social learning theory
- Social media
- Social networking
- Social robots
- Softmax function
- Software agents
- Software-defined storage (SDS)
- Solid state of matter
- Sound waves
- Spatial data
- Specific gravity
- Speech analytics
- Speech recognition
- Speech technology
- Spreadsheets
- Spyware
- Square meter
- Stack overflow error
- Standard business reporting (SBR)
- Standard temperature and pressure (STP)
- Standardization
- Star schema
- Statistical analysis
- Stemming
- Storage class memory (SCM)
- Stored procedures
- Stream processing
- Streaming data architecture
- Structural ambiguity
- Structured data
- Superconductivity
- Supervised learning
- Supply chain
- Supply chain planning
- Support Vector Machines (SVM)
- Support vector machines (SVM)
- Surrogate models
- Sustainable AI
- Synthetic data
- Syslog
- System of record (SOR)
- System Restore
- System restore points
- System software
T
- t-SNE (t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding)
- T-SQL
- Table in computing
- Tabular data
- Target function
- Technological convergence
- Telepresence robots
- Temperature and humidity guidelines for data centers
- Template
- Tensor Processing Units (TPUs)
- TensorFlow
- Ternary Content-Addressable Memory (TCAM)
- Test marketing
- Test set
- Text generation inference
- Text mining
- The scientific method
- The uncanny valley
- Thumbnails
- Timeline
- Top-1 error rate
- Training-serving skew
- Transactional data
- Transcription errors
- Transfer learning
- Transformer model
- Transformer models
- Transformer neural networks
- Transistors
- Transparency
- Transportation management systems (TMS)
- Tree of thoughts
- Tree structure in databases
- Tree-based models
- TreeSHAP
- Triplet loss
- Troubleshooting
- True positive rate
- TruLens
- Turbines
- Turing Test
- Type I error
- Type II error
U
V
- Validation set
- Validation set
- Variational autoencoder (VAE)
- Vector database
- Vector databases
- Vectors
- Vertical bar
- VGGNet
- Vibe coding
- Virtual agents
- Virtual desktops
- Vishing
- Vision language models (VLMs)
- Voice recognition
- Volatile memory
- Volt per meter (V/m)
- Volt-ampere (VA)
- VPN (Virtual Private Network)
W
- Watt
- Watt-hour
- Wayback Machine
- Web analytics
- Web crawler
- Web server
- Web services
- WebLogic Server
- What is garbage in, garbage out (GIGO)?
- What is model observability?
- What is root mean square error (RMSE)?
- What is spatial intelligence?
- What is the hallucination index?
- What is the marketing mix?
- White paper
- Widget
- Wiki
- Workflow automation
X
