ARROW-16121: [Python] Deprecate the (common_)metadata(_path) attributes of ParquetDataset

[AlenkaF]

This PR tries to:

• deprecate the metadata, metadata_path and common_metadata_path attributes in the legacy ParquetDataset.
• deprecate passing the metadata keyword in the ParquetDataset constructor.

common_metadata attribute has already been deprecated.

[github-actions]

https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-16121

[jorisvandenbossche]

There is a test_parquet_dataset_deprecated_properties test where you can add the new deprecated ones

[ursabot]

Benchmark runs are scheduled for baseline = f23965c and contender = a16be6b. a16be6b is a master commit associated with this PR. Results will be available as each benchmark for each run completes.
Conbench compare runs links:
[Finished ⬇️0.0% ⬆️0.0%] ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Failed] test-mac-arm
[Failed ⬇️0.0% ⬆️0.0%] ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished ⬇️0.08% ⬆️0.04%] ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Buildkite builds:
[Finished] <https://buildkite.com/apache-arrow/arrow-bci-benchmark-on-ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2/builds/594| a16be6b7 ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2>
[Failed] <https://buildkite.com/apache-arrow/arrow-bci-benchmark-on-test-mac-arm/builds/582| a16be6b7 test-mac-arm>
[Failed] <https://buildkite.com/apache-arrow/arrow-bci-benchmark-on-ursa-i9-9960x/builds/581| a16be6b7 ursa-i9-9960x>
[Finished] <https://buildkite.com/apache-arrow/arrow-bci-benchmark-on-ursa-thinkcentre-m75q/builds/592| a16be6b7 ursa-thinkcentre-m75q>
[Finished] <https://buildkite.com/apache-arrow/arrow-bci-benchmark-on-ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2/builds/593| f23965ce ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2>
[Failed] <https://buildkite.com/apache-arrow/arrow-bci-benchmark-on-test-mac-arm/builds/581| f23965ce test-mac-arm>
[Failed] <https://buildkite.com/apache-arrow/arrow-bci-benchmark-on-ursa-i9-9960x/builds/579| f23965ce ursa-i9-9960x>
[Finished] <https://buildkite.com/apache-arrow/arrow-bci-benchmark-on-ursa-thinkcentre-m75q/builds/591| f23965ce ursa-thinkcentre-m75q>
Supported benchmarks:
ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R. Runs only benchmarks with cloud = True
test-mac-arm: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Python, R
ursa-i9-9960x: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R, JavaScript
ursa-thinkcentre-m75q: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Java