The primary culprit is “State Bloat.” In traditional blockchains, every node must store every piece of data. As the network grows, it becomes slower and more centralized.

INTMAX proposed a radical solution: Stateless Architecture. Instead of nodes storing data, users hold their own data and provide cryptographic proofs. This allows for infinite scalability O(1). But it created a new problem: asking a smartphone to generate complex Zero-Knowledge (ZK) proofs is notoriously slow.

This is where the new partnership between INTMAX and Lita changes the game.

The Bottleneck: Client-Side Computation

In a stateless system, the user is the validator. To send money, your device must generate a validity proof. On a standard CPU, this math (specifically Multi-Scalar Multiplication) is sluggish, leading to wait times of 30–60 seconds. That is not a viable replacement for Visa or Apple Pay.

The Solution: Lita and WebGPU

Lita has developed the Valida zkVM, a virtual machine designed specifically for ZK proofs. But the real breakthrough is how they run it: WebGPU.

WebGPU is a modern browser standard that allows web apps to bypass the CPU and talk directly to a device’s Graphics Processing Unit (GPU).

• Single threading: Like a single genius mathematician working through a problem one step at a time.
• The GPU (New Way): Like an army of thousands of calculators working on different parts of the problem simultaneously.

By offloading the heavy cryptographic lifting to the GPU, Lita reduces proof generation time from roughly a minute to milliseconds.

Why This Partnership Matters

The integration of Lita’s acceleration into the INTMAX protocol creates a new market standard known as the “Proving Client.”

1. Lightning Speed without Centralization

Users get the instant finality of a Web2 app without relying on centralized “prover markets” or server farms. The network remains lightweight because the heavy lifting is distributed to the edge — the users’ devices.

2. Privacy by Architecture, Not Obfuscation

This is the “Market Standard for Privacy.” Because the proof is generated locally on the client side:

• Your private key never leaves your device.
• Your transaction data is never revealed to a sequencer.
• Proof of Innocence: Users can cryptographically prove their funds aren’t illicit (for compliance) without revealing their transaction history

3. The “Walletless” Wallet

With the computational barrier removed, INTMAX can implement seamless biometric authentication. The speed of WebGPU allows the device to instantly verify FaceID or TouchID signatures via ZK proofs, removing the need for seed phrases entirely.

Conclusion

The INTMAX and Lita partnership validates the return of “Plasma” architectures — but this time, with the hardware to back it up. By combining a stateless protocol with WebGPU’s client-side ZKP acceleration, they have effectively commoditized privacy, making it free, instant, and invisible to the user.

The End of the Trade-Off: How INTMAX and Lita Are Solving Blockchain’s Hardest Problem was originally published in INTMAX on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

Most people think privacy in crypto means hiding, but what it really means is protecting your choices, and now privacy in crypto isn’t just a feature anymore, it’s becoming infrastructure.

Since launching its new Privacy Mining platform in June 2025, INTMAX has already processed over $758 million in deposits and 187,827 ETH across Ethereum and Base, with more than 241,000 private transactions executed.

INTMAX is not just another “privacy layer” — it is a reinvention of how value moves on Ethereum. While many privacy systems resort to mixers, wrapped assets, or custodial bridges that break liquidity and custody, INTMAX introduces a stateless zk-rollup architecture that keeps your stablecoins and ETH as they are, visible to the chain but encrypted to everyone else. Because it stores almost no user data on-chain, it resists surveillance, censorship, and data leaks.

That’s not just adoption; that right there is a signal that users want more than transparency, they want choice, and that’s exactly what INTMAX gives them: the freedom to move stablecoins privately on Ethereum, without giving up control.

Every time you pay someone on Ethereum, you leave a trail of who you paid, how much, and when. And every privacy tool that tried to fix that came with tradeoffs: wrapped tokens, custodians, mixers, or sidechains.

INTMAX changes that model.

Instead of “mixing” your funds or creating a new token, INTMAX gives you a private way to send stablecoins directly on Ethereum, all while keeping full ownership of your assets.

It’s built differently: a stateless rollup, designed for speed, scale, and privacy by default.

What happens when you use INTMAX?

1. Bridge from Ethereum

You deposit ETH or stablecoins into the INTMAX rollup contract.

Those assets stay verifiable on Ethereum — the chain never loses sight of them — but your balance is encrypted. Only you can see it, and no one can trace it.

2. Send Privately

When you transfer, say, 5 USDC to another user, there’s no public record. Instead of posting a transaction, INTMAX produces a zero-knowledge proof that confirms the payment happened — without revealing sender, receiver, or amount. Bob receives his USDC; the network only sees a mathematical truth, not a financial trail.

3. Exit Anytime

Want to move back to Ethereum? You simply prove that your encrypted balance is real. No sequencers, no waiting queues, no “trust the operator” caveats. Your funds move as directly as they came — yours before, yours after.

Why This Matters

With INTMAX, you can move value freely and discreetly — whether that means paying a team, settling an invoice, or trading OTC — without exposing your financial graph to the world. Wallet-to-wallet payments happen instantly and leave no on-chain trace, perfect for P2P transactions, tipping, or splitting costs with friends.

INTMAX is also engineered for efficiency. You can batch up to 63 encrypted transfers in a single transaction, minimizing gas usage while keeping every movement private. And for those managing recurring payments — from SaaS subscriptions to community donations — INTMAX automates them privately through local state and ZK receipt tracking, without leaking wallet linkages.

For merchants and small businesses, INTMAX offers gasless, instant retail checkout. Imagine paying for coffee or groceries privately with stablecoins — no delays, no intermediaries, no exposure.

All of this is built directly on Ethereum — preserving its security, transparency, and composability — without sacrificing privacy or ownership.

With Intmax, it’s privacy that scales, ownership that stays, and payments that finally feel Web2-fast but Web3-secure. Because in an open world, privacy isn’t hiding; it’s having the freedom to decide what the world gets to see.

INTMAX, private transactions, powered by Ethereum.

app.intmax.io

INTMAX Transfers: The Shielded Transaction Layer Powering Over $800M in Private Payments on… was originally published in INTMAX on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

Introduction: Precision as a Systems Property

INTMAX is redefining what mathematical precision means in the context of blockchain-based payments. By deploying a stateless architecture underpinned by zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs), INTMAX achieves sublinear state growth, ultra-low data availability costs, and cryptographic auditability. This article explores INTMAX’s base rollup architecture, situating it within broader L2 design paradigms, and assesses its technical superiority in achieving scalable, secure, and private payment infrastructure.

Mathematical precision is about determinism, verifiability, and bounded computation. In payment systems, this means consistent transaction execution, minimized latency, and predictable throughput across adversarial environments. Where traditional L2 rollups trade state growth for scalability, INTMAX minimizes both without compromising on security or user privacy.

Stateless Architecture: Sublinear State Growth and Client-Side Computation

INTMAX is the first stateless zkRollup to achieve sublinear state growth, a significant milestone in blockchain scalability. Traditional rollups retain global state updates on-chain, leading to state bloat, validator centralization, and increased verification costs. INTMAX avoids this by pushing both state preservation and proof generation to the client-side. Users store their own state, and aggregators merely commit inclusion proofs and aggregate signatures.

Formally, INTMAX defines blocks as one of three types: deposits, transfers, or withdrawals. These are encoded in Lean as:

inductive Block (K₁ K₂ : Type) (C Sigma : Type) (V : Type) [PreWithZero V] where

| deposit (recipient : K₂) (amount : V₊)

| transfer (aggregator : K₁) (extradata : ExtraDataT)

(commitment : C) (senders : List K₂)

(sigma : Sigma)

| withdrawal (withdrawals : K₁ → V₊)

Here, V₊ ensures values are non-negative by construction. By pushing this logic into type-level constraints, INTMAX guarantees that every block operation respects value bounds without requiring runtime checks.

This block architecture underlies the formal guarantee that state updates scale as , rather than linearly with user count, due to Merkle-based commitments and authenticated dictionaries.

Every INTMAX transaction commits only 4–5 bytes of data to Ethereum L1, which is orders of magnitude lower than other zkRollups like zkSync or StarkNet. By keeping the global state off-chain, INTMAX reduces not just memory overhead but also the computational burden on validators, or in this case, users.

Zero-Knowledge Proofs and Proof Aggregation

The base rollup architecture of INTMAX utilizes recursive ZKPs for inclusion proofs and transparent ZKPs for commitment validation. The cryptographic pipeline is designed to ensure minimal on-chain footprint with maximum verifiability. To understand how INTMAX achieves this balance of minimalism and integrity, it’s essential to examine the distinct types of zero-knowledge proofs it employs, each contributing a critical function in ensuring both privacy and efficiency at scale.

zk-SNARKs validate transaction origin without disclosing sender identity or balances. These succinct proofs enable verification of complex computations without revealing any underlying data, preserving user confidentiality in every transaction. Recursive ZKPs, on the other hand, allow one ZKP to attest to the validity of multiple other ZKPs within a single Merkle root. This hierarchical structuring of proofs reduces verification time and supports scalability without increasing on-chain data. Finally, Transparent ZKPs generate cryptographic criterion, leveraging public randomness thereby removing the requirement for trusted setup ceremonies. This approach enhances the decentralization and auditability of protocols, aligning with the broader ethos of trustless systems. These proof systems provide a modular architecture that disseminates client-side data responsibility and trust assumption while enabling performance without centralized points of failure.

To ensure proofs map consistently to transaction behavior, INTMAX defines transaction validity as a dependent type:

abbrev Τ’ (K₁ K₂ V : Type) [PreWithZero V] := Kbar K₁ K₂ × Kbar K₁ K₂ × Option V₊

def isValid (τ : Τ’) := sender ≠ recipient ∧ (sender = Source → value.isSome)

abbrev Τ (K₁ K₂ V : Type) := { τ : Τ’ K₁ K₂ V // τ.isValid }

INTMAX constructs such a modular system employing each proof type to reinforce the others, equipping privacy and scalability, and operational decentralization. This modular proof system allows for parallel proof generation and aggregation, which ensures that invalid transactions are unrepresentable, enforcing correct behavior by design. Unlike other rollups that rely on a single sequencer or prover, INTMAX distributes proof responsibility across decentralized aggregators.

Aggregator Model and Privacy Mining

Aggregators in INTMAX are not elected and do not require staking. They are permissionless actors who post commitments and zero-knowledge proofs to the Ethereum mainnet. INTMAX reduces the risk of Maximum Extractable Value (MEV) exploitation, where sequencers front-run transactions for profit, by removing the need for centralized sequencers at all, mitigating transaction censorship. These risks are common in systems with centralized sequencing, and threaten both the fairness and neutrality of blockchain infrastructure. INTMAX’s design counters this by distributing proof responsibilities across a decentralized set of participants, making manipulation economically infeasible and procedurally difficult.

To guarantee those commitments, INTMAX uses an authenticated dictionary scheme with the following formal properties:

class ADScheme (K : Type) (M : Type) (C Pi : Type) where

Commit : Dict K M → CommitT C K Pi

Verify : Pi → K → M → C → Bool

binding : ComputationallyInfeasible <|

∃ (c : C) (k : K) (m₁ m₂ : M) (π₁ π₂ : Pi),

Verify π₁ k m₁ c = true ∧ Verify π₂ k m₂ c = true ∧ m₁ ≠ m₂

INTMAX also introduces a novel mechanism called “privacy mining.” Here, users deposit ETH into the system, which is cryptographically anonymized, and receive ITX tokens in return. These deposits populate the protocol’s Anonymity Set — a pool of indistinguishable user transactions that serves as a protective veil for individual metadata. A larger Anonymity Set increases the difficulty for adversaries to link transaction inputs and outputs, thereby strengthening resistance to correlation and deanonymization attacks. This structure not only preserves privacy but also reinforces protocol integrity without relying on punitive slashing or hierarchical validator elections.

Base Rollup vs. Optimistic and Standard zkRollups

In optimistic rollups like Arbitrum, state transitions are assumed valid unless challenged. This model introduces latency (challenge periods) and relies on fraud proofs. Standard zkRollups like zkSync prioritize validity proofs but still rely on global state updates.

INTMAX diverges from both optimistic and standard zkRollup designs by architecting a system that requires no fraud windows, commits a constant-sized data footprint regardless of user count, and enables universal composability without the need for bridges or external relays. By eliminating fraud windows, INTMAX avoids latency and the uncertainty introduced by challenge periods. Its constant-sized data model ensures that transaction costs and verification workloads remain stable as the network scales. Furthermore, its composable architecture allows seamless interoperability between applications and chains, enhancing developer flexibility and reducing attack surfaces typically introduced by interchain communication layers.

This base rollup design maximally reuses Ethereum’s L1 security without duplicating state or delegating control to centralized actors. By anchoring trust in Ethereum’s consensus layer, INTMAX avoids reinventing core infrastructure and instead focuses on optimizing throughput and privacy. Its integration of Ethereum-native sequencing preserves decentralization and composability, allowing applications to operate across layers without complex coordination protocols or intermediary trust assumptions. This design not only strengthens systemic coherence but also aligns with Ethereum’s broader roadmap toward modular, scalable execution.

The Data Availability Breakthrough

A critical constraint in rollup scalability is Data Availability (DA). DA is the guarantee that all data necessary to verify a transaction is actually accessible when needed. In most rollups, this is achieved by posting full transaction calldata directly to Ethereum’s L1, which ensures verifiability but bloats block space and incurs high fees. This trade-off creates a bottleneck for scalability, as the cost of maintaining availability grows with every additional user and transaction.

INTMAX sidesteps this constraint through a client-side DA model paired with verifiable computation. Instead of posting transaction data on-chain, INTMAX users retain their own data and generate zero-knowledge proofs that confirm data possession and transaction validity. Only compact cryptographic commitments, approximately 4–5 bytes, are posted to L1. This radically reduces the on-chain data footprint without compromising the ability to verify transactions.

The math behind this approach guarantees that the total DA cost grows as 0(log n) not 0(n), thanks to recursive verification and batch aggregation. Nethermind formally verified INTMAX’s core protocol logic in Lean:

theorem secure : ¬ adversaryWon (attackGame requests)

This theorem states that it is provably impossible for an adversary to drain funds or compromise balance integrity unless they can break their hash collision resistance or ADS binding, both of which are considered to be computationally infeasible.

As Justin Drake noted, INTMAX delivers “better-than-expected” DA performance. Because the system relies on recursive proofs and off-chain data integrity, DA costs grow logarithmically rather than linearly with network size. This approach not only enhances scalability but also shifts the locus of responsibility toward users, empowering them to manage their own data while maintaining the system’s trustless guarantees.

Formal Validation and Industry Endorsements

INTMAX has undergone independent validation by researchers at Nethermind, one of the most respected Ethereum research and development firms. Their formal analysis, published in March 2024, affirmed the protocol’s cryptographic integrity and verified key security properties of the system’s stateless rollup design. The review examined INTMAX’s use of zero-knowledge proofs, its data minimization architecture, and its privacy-preserving mechanisms, confirming that the protocol meets rigorous standards for proof soundness, state consistency, and adversarial robustness.

Among the highlights of the Nethermind report were INTMAX’s sublinear state growth, the correctness and integrity of its aggregated ZKPs, and the viability of its privacy model under real-world adversarial conditions. Importantly, the report also confirmed that INTMAX’s statelessness does not introduce new attack vectors, and that its reliance on client-side computation and decentralized aggregation preserves both scalability and decentralization.

INTMAX is therefore a performance system that withstands formal scrutiny, a unique category among L2 solutions. This aligns with earlier endorsements from Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin, who praised INTMAX for delivering “a high level of scalability and privacy.” Together, these validations position INTMAX as a research-aligned protocol that pushes the boundaries of what L2 architecture can achieve.

Use Case Alignment: Why Payments?

In financial contexts, transaction metadata can expose competitive business strategies, personal spending habits, or politically sensitive affiliations. As a result, privacy is not optional; it’s foundational. At the same time, the volume of global financial transactions requires a protocol that can process thousands, even millions, of transactions per second without degrading performance or increasing cost.

Most existing Layer 2 solutions address only fragments of this challenge. Optimistic rollups like Optimism scale well by assuming transaction validity and relying on fraud proofs, but they expose transaction metadata and introduce latency through challenge windows. zkSync, a leading zkRollup, offers enhanced privacy through zero-knowledge proofs but still requires maintaining global state on-chain, limiting scalability and increasing storage costs.

INTMAX, by contrast, is architected for the full stack of payment requirements. It offers transaction privacy through client-side zero-knowledge proofs and scales horizontally by eliminating state growth entirely. Its stateless design, combined with near-zero DA overhead, enables efficient, high-frequency financial interactions without compromising on security or decentralization. This makes INTMAX uniquely suited for applications such as micropayments, business-to-business remittances, decentralized payroll, and real-time transaction settlement at internet scale. Whether the transaction is one cent or one million dollars, INTMAX handles it with cryptographic precision and structural integrity.

Risks and Limitations

As of this writing, INTMAX remains in its testnet phase, with a mainnet launch anticipated in the near future. While the protocol’s design is mathematically sound and formally validated, its operational resilience under real-world conditions has yet to be fully tested. This distinction between theoretical robustness and practical performance is critical, especially for a system intended to handle the rigors of high-frequency financial transactions.

One area of open inquiry is aggregator liveness in adversarial conditions. Because INTMAX uses decentralized, non-elected aggregators to post commitments and proofs, it’s essential to ensure that enough honest aggregators are available to keep the system running efficiently. Network incentives must align with sustained participation, particularly during periods of high volatility or low liquidity.

Another concern involves the user experience of managing client-side state. In a stateless system, users are responsible for holding and safeguarding their own transaction data and state proofs. While this model enhances decentralization and privacy, it also raises usability questions: What happens if a user loses their state data? Can mobile wallets adequately support this model without degrading performance or security? These are crucial implementation-level challenges that will shape adoption.

Lastly, privacy mining, while innovative, raises regulatory questions across jurisdictions. By design, it anonymizes ETH deposits and redistributes rewards in ITX tokens. But depending on the legal framework, this could trigger compliance issues related to Anti-Money Laundering (AML), Know Your Customer (KYC), or data protection laws. Clear guidance and careful jurisdictional analysis will be needed to ensure that the protocol remains compliant without compromising its core principles.

None of these concerns undermine the architecture itself. They are engineering and governance challenges which are solvable with community input, iteration, and rigorous testing. The protocol is structurally sound. What remains is the work of maturing it into a production-grade system.

Conclusion: Engineering Integrity by Design

INTMAX doesn’t just optimize for throughput or reduce costs, it represents a categorical shift in how we think about blockchain infrastructure for payments. Where other protocols specialize in singular virtues such as speed, privacy, or decentralization, INTMAX integrates all of these into a cohesive system that functions not in spite of its complexity, but because of its architectural clarity. By beginning from first principles and treating statelessness not as a compromise but as a foundational asset, INTMAX constructs a protocol that is lean, powerful, and resistant to the pitfalls that have plagued previous scalability attempts.

Its ability to maintain near-zero state growth, support verifiable computation with minimal on-chain data, and preserve user anonymity without sacrificing auditability places it in a class of its own. These aren’t just optimizations; they are the result of a systems-level commitment to mathematical, architectural, and ethical precision.

In doing so, INTMAX offers not only a technical roadmap but a philosophical framework for what payments could become: frictionless, borderless, and incorruptible. It envisions a financial infrastructure where freedom, privacy, and efficiency are not trade-offs to be managed, but core invariants to be preserved. If INTMAX succeeds in transitioning from testnet to production with its design intact, it won’t just improve payments. It will redefine what blockchain infrastructure can aspire to be.

References

• INTMAX Official Blog: https://intmax.io/blog
• Nethermind Validation Report: https://medium.com/intmax
• No State, No Trace: https://medium.com/intmax/no-state-no-trace-stateless-systems-and-the-future-of-digital-privacy-dc7681b2fcb5
• Vitalik Buterin, “Exploring L2 Designs”: https://vitalik.eth.limo
• Justin Drake, ETH Research Forum: https://ethresear.ch
• A Simple Stateless Blockchain Protocol: https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1082.pdf

Why INTMAX Is the Most Mathematically Precise Payment Solution in the Industry: A Deep Dive into… was originally published in INTMAX on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

Build the future of private, scalable payments on Ethereum

The INTMAX Developer Hub is your home for building on the world’s most advanced payment and privacy Layer 2.

Whether you’re launching a new payment app, creating private voting systems, or experimenting with stateless ZK primitives — this is the place to start.

📚 Documentation & Quickstart
Explore our full documentation and get started fast:
👉 intmax-wallet.gitbook.io/intmax-developers-hub

Why Build on INTMAX?

• INTMAX redefines what’s possible for Ethereum Layer 2. With a radical stateless architecture that requires just ~5 bytes of on-chain data per transaction, INTMAX enables ultra-low-cost, high-throughput, and privacy-preserving payments — even under network congestion.
• Built on a revived and reengineered Plasma design, INTMAX is the first protocol to make Plasma practical, proving its lightweight and decentralized approach is not only feasible but ideal for real-world scalability.
• Unlike other L2s that rely on compression or execution sharding, INTMAX takes a fundamentally different path — remaining fully Ethereum-secured while unlocking unmatched efficiency.
• Through its novel Privacy Mining model, users are rewarded for enhancing network privacy, creating a privacy-first, incentive-aligned ecosystem. Its native ITX token exists both as a private Layer 2 asset for fast, real-world payments and as an ERC-20 token compatible with DeFi — bridging privacy with utility.
• Endorsed by Ethereum core researchers like Vitalik Buterin and Justin Drake, INTMAX stands at the forefront of scalable, secure, and private crypto payments. As global demand for privacy-conscious financial systems rises, INTMAX delivers a universal solution for remittances, payroll, and everyday transactions — with privacy built in from the ground up.

How We Support Developers

At INTMAX, we believe in enabling developers not just with tools — but with a full spectrum of support to take your project from idea to global adoption.

🦾 Technical Advisory and Support

Get expert guidance from the INTMAX core team and contributors to help you ship faster and more confidently.
From architecture reviews to ZK optimization, we’re here to help.

🤝 Business Development Support

We connect you with strategic partners, market insight, and Web2 + Web3 networks to help you grow.
Go beyond the crypto bubble.

🌟 Investments and Acceleration

Through our core investor network, we offer access to funding, mentorship, and acceleration to help great ideas scale.

🪄 Marketing and Community

We help amplify your project with integrated marketing campaigns, ecosystem features, and real community engagement.

🤩 Real Adoption

Your app won’t just live on testnet.
We actively support projects that drive real-world use cases and help users transact privately, instantly, and affordably.

Recent Berlin Blockchain Week Ideathon by INTMAX

We glad to involve community in many activities

Join the INTMAX Ecosystem

We’re building a new foundation for programmable, private value.
Be part of an ecosystem designed for long-term impact, with a focus on privacy, decentralization, and practical utility.

🔗 Explore live ecosystem projects:
https://intmax.io/ecosystem

Ready to build?

Check the docs, start building, or reach out to us to discuss product contribution, support, or collaboration opportunities.

Let’s make privacy normal again — together.

🛠️ Get Started

👉 Join Discord (When joining Discord, you’ll be asked, “Are you a developer?” — if you answer “Yes,” the Developers section will be unlocked for you.)

</> Github

Developer Hub: Everything You Need to Start Building with INTMAX was originally published in INTMAX on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

At a recent blockchain event, Leona Hioki of INTMAX outlined a radically new architecture for Ethereum Layer 2: a stateless system designed to enable seamless peer-to-machine (P2M) and machine-to-machine (M2M) interactions.

It is also important that INTMAX mainnet has officially launched and you could try the future of payments now!
https://app.intmax.io

Leona emphasized that INTMAX does not store user state — neither on-chain nor off-chain. This unique stateless architecture removes the need for traditional wallet connections or persistent accounts, making it possible for machines and devices to participate directly in economic transactions.

The use cases presented included autonomous EV chargers, vending machines, and IoT sensors. For example, a car could scan a QR code to initiate a payment, which is signed and sent to a server that finalizes it on-chain — similar in experience to Apple Pay but without storing user identity.

This same system enables devices like drones to pay sensors for real-time weather data or for machines to pay APIs for compute cycles. Because each transaction requires only about 5 bytes of on-chain data, the system achieves extremely low costs and high scalability. Despite this efficiency, INTMAX remains a zkRollup and inherits Ethereum-level security.

Leona pointed out that this architecture allows greater censorship resistance, as there are no accounts to freeze. The system is not only scalable and secure but also adaptable to real-world, decentralized device interactions.

The stateless L2 approach as presented offers a significant shift in blockchain infrastructure — paving the way for autonomous and embedded systems to participate in digital economies without friction.

Are you working on something relevant for M2M or P2M payments, explore our SDK https://intmax-wallet.gitbook.io/intmax-developers-hub

Beyond Human: The Next Frontier of P2M & M2M Transactions with Stateless L2 was originally published in INTMAX on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

On May 26, 2025, INTMAX celebrated a major milestone: the official launch of its mainnet. To mark the occasion, INTMAX hosted a live AMA featuring Justin Drake of the Ethereum Foundation, alongside INTMAX’s co-founders Leona, Mai, and Chief of Staff Rie. The discussion covered not only INTMAX’s groundbreaking privacy mining mechanism, but also vital topics like Ethereum scaling, Bitcoin security, and the future of blockchain privacy. Here’s a detailed recap.

The Role of INTMAX in Payments and Privacy

Leona opened the AMA by emphasizing why payments remain one of the toughest challenges for blockchain technology. “Payment is infrastructure,” he said. “It’s not just about creating excitement — it’s about trust, reliability, and scalability. That’s where INTMAX has a special role to play.”

INTMAX’s signature innovation is Privacy Mining, a novel way to incentivize users to contribute to collective privacy. Rie explained the simple yet powerful concept: users deposit and withdraw ETH in predetermined amounts through the INTMAX protocol. Their transactions are made unlinkable, shielding not just their own data, but strengthening privacy for the entire network. In return, participants earn ITX tokens.

Leona further elaborated on the vision behind INTMAX’s privacy design:

• Large and diverse anonymity sets — encouraging participation from a wide variety of users.
• Meta-privacy — ensuring that no one can infer who belongs to which group (e.g., privacy enthusiasts vs. casual users).
• Stable privacy over time — avoiding spikes or lulls in the anonymity set that could weaken privacy guarantees.

This emphasis on what Leona called the “purity of privacy” is what sets INTMAX apart from mixers or other anonymity solutions.

Ethereum L1 Scaling and the Role of L2s

The conversation turned to the broader Ethereum ecosystem. Leona asked Justin Drake how Layer 2 solutions like INTMAX fit into Ethereum’s scaling roadmap — especially given plans to dramatically increase L1 capacity.

Justin shared his vision: Ethereum’s L1 could ultimately function like a giant ZK-rollup, with validators verifying succinct proofs rather than full blocks. This could increase throughput by up to 1,000x, but even that wouldn’t meet global demand. “A gigagas per second is only about 0.1 transaction per day per human,” Justin noted. “We’ll still need L2s to scale horizontally.”

He also highlighted why privacy is best handled at the L2 level. Embedding privacy directly into Ethereum L1 would introduce serious risks — for example, a ZK-related bug could enable undetectable infinite minting. By keeping L1 simple and secure, privacy innovations like INTMAX can flourish on L2s.

Bitcoin’s Security Challenges

In one of the most thought-provoking segments, Justin outlined why Bitcoin’s long-term security model is unsustainable. As Bitcoin issuance declines (due to its 21 million coin cap), miner revenue will increasingly rely on transaction fees. But today, fees account for only about 1% of miner income — and fee levels have hit a 14-year low.

Justin warned: within the next decade, Bitcoin could become vulnerable to 51% attacks. The power required to attack the network would shrink dramatically, potentially allowing a single large mining farm or nation-state to overpower it. Unlike Ethereum’s proof-of-stake system, Bitcoin’s proof-of-work offers no clean way to eject attackers or recover from such a breach.

The Case for Proof-of-Stake

Leona and Justin discussed how proof-of-stake (PoS) provides far greater economic efficiency and resilience. In PoW, maintaining $10 billion of economic security costs about $10 billion annually. In PoS, the cost is simply the opportunity cost of staked capital — typically single-digit percentages — making PoS 20–100x more efficient.

Justin argued that Ethereum’s combination of PoS, scalability, and credible neutrality positions it as the monetary asset of the future, potentially overtaking Bitcoin over the coming decades.

Why Privacy Matters — for Everyone

Leona brought the discussion back to privacy, stressing its importance not only for individuals but also for institutions. “Today, only famous addresses like Vitalik.eth are intensely tracked. But with AI-powered analytics, everyone could become traceable within just a few years. Without privacy, blockchain can’t protect people in the real world from threats like physical or social attacks.”

INTMAX aims to solve this by encrypting assets and shielding transaction flows — ensuring that blockchain protects users both on-chain and off-chain.

What Makes INTMAX Stand Out?

When asked whether INTMAX is the best privacy protocol, Leona humbly noted that other great projects exist (e.g., Tornado Cash, Railgun). But he highlighted why INTMAX excels at payments:

• Ultra-low fees
• High throughput
• Strong privacy via a two-hop architecture: sender anonymity set on-chain, recipient hidden — offering privacy akin to Monero, but more efficient for payments.

Mai wrapped up by inviting users to explore INTMAX’s features. “My personal favorite is bulk transfer — you can send to 63 addresses at once, with constant low gas fees. And of course, Privacy Mining starts from just 0.1 ETH. We’d love your feedback!”

The Road Ahead for Ethereum

Justin closed with insights into Ethereum Foundation’s renewed focus. The protocol team — now unified at 91 members strong — is laser-focused on L1 scaling, L2 scaling, and UX improvements over the next 6–12 months. He encouraged everyone to follow efforts like ethproofs.org, supporting zkEVM-based scaling.

Final Thoughts

The AMA provided not just a look at INTMAX’s launch, but a window into Ethereum’s evolving architecture and the future of blockchain privacy. With thought leaders like Justin Drake backing its vision, INTMAX is poised to make privacy a fundamental right — not an optional feature — for all Ethereum users.

To experience Privacy Mining and other innovations, visit: https://app.intmax.io

INTMAX Mainnet Launch AMA — A Deep Dive into Privacy, Payments, and the Future of Ethereum was originally published in INTMAX on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

On June 26th at 9am UTC, INTMAX reached a major milestone: Privacy Mining is live on mainnet. After months of operating through Base mining, we’re excited to invite everyone to join this next phase — where your participation not only earns rewards, but helps build the most private Layer 2 on Ethereum.

So, what is Privacy Mining, and why does it matter for the future of Ethereum?

What is Privacy Mining?

Privacy Mining is INTMAX’s unique mechanism for rewarding users who help secure and anonymize transactions across the network.

By depositing and withdrawing through our protocol, and contributing volume to the privacy pool, you enable shielded transfers as small as 0.1 ETH — all while preserving full on-chain privacy.

When you withdraw, you’ll receive ITX tokens as a reward for supporting the privacy ecosystem.

👉 Try it today: https://app.intmax.io/

Why Privacy Mining matters

🔹 Lower barrier to entry — Unlike other protocols that require large balances, Privacy Mining lets anyone participate with as little as 0.1 ETH.

🔹 Guaranteed rewards — Every contributor shares in a fixed daily issuance of ITX. No front-running. No MEV. Just pure privacy rewards.

🔹 A stronger network for everyone — The more participants, the deeper the shielded pool, and the stronger the privacy guarantees for all.

What is $ITX?

ITX is the native token of INTMAX, designed for both privacy and utility:

• Layer 2 form: A fast, private asset for real-world payments.
• Layer 1 form: A standard ERC-20 token compatible with DeFi platforms and exchanges.

This dual design gives ITX a unique role: enabling Ethereum-based capital to access privacy and performance without leaving the broader ecosystem.

How Privacy Mining Rewards Are Structured

INTMAX Privacy Mining distributes 1.01 billion ITX over a series of halving phases, encouraging early participation while ensuring long-term sustainability.

• 6 halving phases → 143 million ITX per phase, split equally per day
• Example rewards:
• Phase 1 (16 days) — 8,937,500 ITX / day
• Phase 7 (1024 days) — 139,648 ITX / day

The design ensures that as adoption grows, rewards gradually taper to preserve token value.

Transition to Mainnet Mining

🚨 Base mining ends on June 28 at 00:00 UTC.

• After this cutoff, no further ITX rewards will be distributed through Base mining.
• Any mining activity through Base mining after June 28 will not earn ITX.
• You’ll still be able to withdraw and claim any mined rewards after this date.

✅ No penalty if you didn’t complete 10 sessions — you’ll be rewarded for whatever sessions you did complete.
Example: Mined 3 times? You’ll get rewards for all 3.

We deeply appreciate your support during the Base mining phase — now it’s time to join us on the mainnet.

Get Started Today

🌐 Join Privacy Mining on INTMAX: https://app.intmax.io/

Earn rewards. Strengthen privacy. Help build Ethereum’s most private Layer 2.

Official Website: https://intmax.io
Mainnet App: https://app.intmax.io/
Explorer: https://explorer.intmax.io/
Developer Hub: https://intmax-wallet.gitbook.io/Intmax-developers-hub
Wallet: https://wallet.intmax.io

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To experience private, low-fee Ethereum payments — 
Launch the app: https://app.intmax.io

Making Ethereum Private at Last — Privacy Mining on INTMAX Mainnet was originally published in INTMAX on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

INTMAX, the next-generation protocol for all payment infrastructure and mathematically proven optimal solution, launches on Ethereum mainnet.

Zug, Switzerland — June 26, 2025 — Ryodan Systems AG today officially announces the mainnet launch of Intmax, an Ethereum layer that redefines Layer 2. With an entirely new architecture and a radical stateless design that minimizes on-chain data, Intmax enables ultra-low-cost and privacy-preserving payments on Ethereum even under heavy network congestion.

The Highly Anticipated Ethereum Layer 2 Solution

The breakthrough behind Intmax lies in the Plasma architecture, a concept first spotlighted in 2017. While Plasma was ultimately deemed infeasible, Intmax has now overcome its technical limitations and is the first protocol to realize Plasma’s vision in practicality. Intmax stands as proof that Plasma’s lightweight, secure, and decentralized design is the most sustainable and universal approach. While most Layer 2s pursue scalability through compression and off-chain execution, Intmax adopts a fundamentally different approach, requiring just ~5 bytes of on-chain data per transaction, while remaining fully secured by Ethereum.

Privacy Mining: A New Model for a Private Future.

Intmax introduces INTMAX Privacy Mining, a novel incentive mechanism rewarding users for contributing to network privacy. This creates a synergy of anonymity and incentives, supporting a healthy, decentralized ecosystem and upholding both universal accessibility and the fundamental right to privacy.

The ITX Token: Private by Default, Compatible with DeFi

The ITX token exists in two forms:

• Layer 2: As a fast, private, native asset used for real-world payments.
• Layer 1: As a standard ERC-20 token compatible with DeFi platforms and exchanges.

This dual nature gives ITX unique power — allowing Ethereum-based capital to access privacy and performance without leaving the broader ecosystem.

Endorsed by Ethereum Core Researchers

The innovative architecture of Intmax has received strong support from Ethereum core community:

“So, in some sense, Intmax is even more efficient than ZKRollup… One of the really cool things is that the chain is actually not verifying SNARKs until the very end when you withdraw.”
 — Justin Drake
Watch here

“Another class of constructions is hybrid plasma/rollups, such as Intmax. These constructions put a very small amount of data per user on-chain (e.g. 5 bytes), and by doing so, get properties that are somewhere between plasma and rollups.”
 — Vitalik Buterin
Read here

The global cryptocurrency payment market is experiencing rapid expansion, with projections indicating a growth of USD 4.82 billion by 2030. However, this growth also increases the exposure of sensitive financial data, thereby compromising user financial privacy. INTMAX addresses this by providing an ideal platform for high-volume Ethereum payments, including remittances, payroll, and cross-border settlements. Intmax also preserves user privacy by design. Sensitive data such as transaction history or account balances never appear on-chain, enabling a truly secure and private digital cash experience for everyday use.

Comments from the Founders

Leona Hioki, Co-Founder

“After a long technical struggle, I’m truly delighted to finally bring this to the world. It’s been quite some time since I first joined the Plasma research effort. This journey to scale Ethereum presented many possible answers, and along the way, we had the freedom to choose among them. But our relentless desire — for both privacy and near O(1) scaling — pushed us to ignore those options and instead create this new address space: Intmax. I hope you’ll also make good use of this mysterious realm where every transaction is incredibly lightweight — and everything is private.”

Mai Fujimoto, Co-Founder

“I’m truly grateful to have reached the mainnet launch. I believe blockchain should be freely usable by all, not just the wealthy due to congestion and high gas fees. This led to INTMAX’s creation. Everyone deserves the fundamental property right to protect and move their assets freely, and privacy is crucial for self-protection. I hope INTMAX will become the foundation that delivers choice and dignity to more people around the world.”

About Intmax

Intmax is a stateless Layer 2 protocol for Ethereum, developed by Ryodan Systems AG.
It accelerates blockchain mass adoption through constant minimal gas fees, instant transaction finality, and user-centric privacy.

Official Website: https://intmax.io
Mainnet App: https://app.intmax.io/
Explorer: https://explorer.intmax.io/
Developer Hub: https://intmax-wallet.gitbook.io/Intmax-developers-hub
Wallet: https://wallet.intmax.io

Try It Now:

To experience private, low-fee Ethereum payments — 
Launch the app: https://app.intmax.io

Intmax Mainnet Launch — A Privacy-Preserving Ethereum Payment Layer with Near-Zero Fees, Even at… was originally published in INTMAX on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

As blockchain ecosystems evolve, the competition to scale decentralized payments has consolidated around two defining approaches: the Bitcoin Lightning Network and Ethereum-based recursive zero-knowledge rollups such as INTMAX. While both are classified as Layer 2 (L2) solutions, they differ in architecture and the political and philosophical assumptions embedded in their designs.

This article examines these differences in performance along with their implications for privacy, modularity, and the shape of financial sovereignty in a post-industrial era.

TL;DR

• Lightning Network achieves speed via off-chain channels but struggles with liquidity fragmentation, routing fragility, and rising custodial centralization.
• INTMAX introduces a stateless, recursive ZK-rollup architecture, shifting data responsibility to users and achieving sublinear state growth.
• While Lightning fits Bitcoin’s minimalist ethos, INTMAX reimagines scalability as user-sovereign proof compression, enabling modular, privacy-preserving finance.
• The future of payments lies not in throughput alone, but in infrastructures that encode privacy, composability, and incorruptible decentralization by design.

The Lightning Network: Payment Channels as a Minimalist Compromise

The Lightning Network emerged in response to a core limitation of Bitcoin: its inability to scale beyond a handful of transactions per second. In their seminal 2016 whitepaper, Joseph Poon and Thaddeus Dryja proposed an off-chain micropayment protocol built on a network of bidirectional payment channels. By deferring on-chain settlement, Lightning allows users to send near-instant, low-fee payments without bloating the base chain.

Key Properties:

• Routing: Uses Hash Time-Locked Contracts (HTLCs) with onion routing
• Privacy: Limited metadata can leak during multi-hop routing
• Scalability: Increases with the number of channels and liquidity
• Security: Non-custodial with the aid of watchtowers; dispute resolution via base layer

However, Lightning’s elegant simplicity masks several constraints:

• Liquidity Fragmentation: Channels require pre-funded capital, reducing flexibility
• Routing Fragility: Larger payments can fail if intermediate paths lack sufficient liquidity
• Custodial Drift: Mobile-first services like Wallet of Satoshi increasingly act as centralized custodians, undermining the protocol’s decentralization ethos

Despite these issues, Lightning remains the most viable L2 payment solution within Bitcoin’s non-Turing-complete architecture. Its success in El Salvador and parts of Africa underscores its relevance where traditional banking is fragile.

Yet, Lightning’s architecture presumes a relatively fixed topology of trust where users must either maintain a persistent online presence or rely on third-party watchtowers to ensure security. This tradeoff limits its accessibility and, over time, invites a drift toward managed intermediaries. This pattern is already observable in custodial wallet adoption across the network.

Furthermore, Lightning’s design makes it unsuitable for complex financial interactions. Smart contract logic, identity validation, and programmable assets remain out of reach, as Bitcoin’s scripting language was never designed to accommodate Turing-complete operations. Lightning excels at one thing: facilitating fast, simple payments in a closed-loop system. But our emerging financial ecosystem demands more.

INTMAX: Stateless Architecture Meets Recursive ZK

Where Lightning represents a workaround for state constraints, INTMAX reimagines what blockchain state can be. It introduces a stateless ZK-rollup architecture, wherein users maintain their transaction data and submit recursive zero-knowledge proofs to verify validity. This design fundamentally alters the relationship between users, data, and the chain.

Core Innovations:

• Sublinear State Growth: Only ~5 bytes of state required per transaction, independent of network size.
• Client-Side Computation: Users manage their own transaction histories and balance proofs
• Recursive Aggregation: Proofs can validate entire batches of transactions and nest recursively
• Permissionless Aggregators: Block production is open, censorship-resistant, and stateless

By shifting computation and storage off-chain and requiring only minimal data commitments (Merkle roots) to be posted on L1, INTMAX breaks the linear relationship between transaction volume and on-chain state growth. These innovations represent a breakthrough with far-reaching implications for privacy, cost, and decentralization.

INTMAX effectively transforms the blockchain into a cryptographic anchor for proof validation, decoupling trust from state and refocusing it into a cryptographic witness. This architecture is inherently user-sovereign, whereby users hold their data, prove actions, and are not beholden to any centralized state index.

INTMAX also sidesteps a longstanding pain point in ZK rollups, namely, data availability. While most rollups rely on L1 for publishing state diffs, via calldata or blob space, INTMAX relies on the user to retain and share inclusion proofs and transaction records. This makes it possible to reach unprecedented scalability without placing additional strain on L1 bandwidth.

While both systems pursue scalability, they do so from different axiomatic starting points. Lightning tries to avoid changing Bitcoin by pushing transactions off-chain, while INTMAX transforms the chain itself into a proving engine for cryptographic statements.

INTMAX can also support composable modules. While it’s not a generalized virtual machine like Ethereum, it can integrate with smart contract logic via account abstraction and recursive validation paths. This opens the door to privacy-preserving DeFi, tokenized identity, and programmable governance. Each of these features is difficult or impossible to implement in Lightning’s framework.

Design Philosophies: Channels vs. Compression

The contrast is not merely technical. Lightning prioritizes minimalism, trustlessness, and predictability. These values align with Bitcoin’s ethos. Its architecture limits complexity by design, aiming for durability rather than extensibility.

INTMAX, by contrast, embraces a post-state paradigm. Stateless rollups do not merely optimize blockchain performance, but redefine who bears the cost of consensus. By pushing data responsibility to users and validating entire transaction sets cryptographically, INTMAX represents a civilizational reordering of computational trust.

It also redefines what it means to “scale.” INTMAX doesn’t just scale transaction throughput; it scales sovereignty. The protocol offloads complexity from public infrastructure and entrusts it to the user, resulting in a system where capacity is bounded less by the network and more by the user’s willingness to compute and prove.

INTMAX enables nested cryptographic accountability where user balance is a function of all prior state transitions, each recursively provable and cryptographically verifiable. In this sense, it isn’t just a payment tool, but a proving machine for human economic activity.

Ethical Stakes: Privacy, Censorship, and Sovereignty

Lightning Network’s HTLC-based design was not created for privacy. It merely obfuscates. Metadata leakage remains a vulnerability, and the lack of interoperability with smart contract ecosystems limits its use for complex financial workflows.

INTMAX, however, is optimized for discretion. Users share only what is necessary to prove correctness and nothing more. This ZK-native model aligns with compliance through selective disclosure, providing a bridge between institutional regulation and individual rights.

Censorship resistance is also more robust under INTMAX. Without a centralized sequencer, aggregation is permissionless. No one actor controls access to block inclusion. This makes the system resilient to both market-based centralization and state coercion.

Critically, INTMAX does not require constant network presence. It permits asynchronous operation without compromising finality or validation. This makes it suitable for jurisdictions with low connectivity, politically hostile environments, or adversarial surveillance.

In this way, INTMAX aligns with the moral aspirations of cryptographic decentralists: privacy without permission, scalability without rent-seeking, and finality without fiat.

Conclusion: Infrastructure and design philosophy

Both Lightning and INTMAX are credible solutions, but they serve different visions of the future. Lightning extends Bitcoin’s design constraints into the realm of fast payments, optimizing for robustness and ideological purity.

Lightning is a pioneering network that offers instant finality, strong privacy, and extremely high transaction capacity. While it faces certain challenges, it also delivers overwhelming benefits that more than make up for them.

INTMAX, however, invites us to transcend those constraints. It treats blockchain not as a ledger but as a cryptographic scaffold for modular, privacy-preserving systems. It pushes computation to the edge while ensuring validity through proof recursion. In doing so, it reclaims scalability not as an optimization, but as a right.

The future of payments won’t be won by performance alone. It will be determined by which infrastructures embody a just and scalable protocol for agency. In this light, recursive ZK systems like INTMAX don’t just offer higher throughput — they build upon the trail that Lightning helped blaze, offering a blueprint for incorruptible financial architecture in an age of digital overreach.

Resources

Poon, Joseph, and Thaddeus Dryja. The Bitcoin Lightning Network: Scalable Off-Chain Instant Payments. 2016. https://lightning.network/lightning-network-paper.pdf

Rybakken, Erik et al. INTMAX2: A ZK-Rollup with Minimal Onchain Data and Computation Costs Featuring Decentralized Aggregators. 2024. https://intmax.io/whitepaper

Buterin, Vitalik. “Endgame.” Ethereum Blog, 2021. https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2021/12/06/endgame.html

Buterin, Vitalik. “The Path to Scalable, Privacy-Preserving Applications.” Ethereum Blog, 2022. https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/06/09/road.html

Boneh, Dan, et al. “ZK Proof Systems: Definitions and Directions.” Stanford Applied Cryptography, 2022.

From Lightning to Recursive ZK: Evolving Payment Infrastructure Across Blockchains was originally published in INTMAX on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

As the world of Web3 continues to evolve, one truth remains clear: strong communities shape the strongest protocols. That’s why INTMAX is proud to return as a sponsor of ETH Kyiv, supporting the Ukrainian developer ecosystem for the second year in a row. INTMAX honored Ukrainian hackers with a $10,000 prize.

Why Ukraine Matters

Ukraine has shown time and time again that it’s home to one of the most resilient and forward-thinking developer communities in the world. Despite immense challenges, Ukrainian builders have stayed at the forefront of innovation — pushing boundaries in privacy, scalability, and real-world use cases.

We at INTMAX see these builders as true early adopters. Not just of new technologies, but of new values: decentralization, freedom, and privacy. That’s why we’re honored to share our protocol with them again this year.

What is INTMAX?

INTMAX is a stateless zkRollup designed to bring real privacy and scalability to Ethereum. Unlike traditional rollups, INTMAX uses zero-knowledge proofzs and local storage to minimize on-chain data — requiring just ~5 bytes per sender. This makes it a powerful foundation for real-world applications that demand both speed and confidentiality.

Whether it’s:

• Cross-border payments
• Private voting
• Anonymous donations
• Programmable payments

INTMAX is built to handle it — without compromising on decentralization or user freedom.

Insights from Our Workshop: June 13

On June 13 (17:15–18:00), the INTMAX team hosted an in-person workshop at ETH Kyiv, diving into how developers can integrate privacy and scalability into their apps with INTMAX.

Hackathon Highlights:

One of the highlights of ETH Kyiv was the amazing lineup of hackathon projects built by participants leveraging the INTMAX protocol. These builders showed what’s possible when privacy and scalability meet real-world needs.

INTMAX Proof of Identity tackled the compliance-privacy paradox. Traditionally, verifying users against sanctions or terrorist watchlists requires exposing sensitive personal data. This project introduced a zero-knowledge proof-based AML tool that allows users to prove they’re not on a blacklist — without revealing their name, birthdate, or passport data. It’s a breakthrough in enabling private yet compliant onboarding for dApps and payments on INTMAX.

ShadowPay built a secure queue-based payment system using INTMAX’s private transaction infrastructure. With a unique “kiosk mode”, it ensures users can interact with payment terminals in public settings — without compromising privacy. The team even overcame technical hurdles by adapting INTMAX’s SDK to work with a Next.js environment, demonstrating true builder resilience.

senditAI brought voice to crypto. Their solution enables fully hands-free crypto operations — sending tokens, requesting payments, or checking balances — just by speaking. It turns the wallet into an AI-powered voice assistant, making decentralized finance more accessible and intuitive than ever.

Looking Ahead

At its core, INTMAX isn’t just a protocol — it’s a movement. A movement for a freer, fairer digital world where users own their data and developers aren’t forced to compromise between privacy and performance.

We believe Ukraine will be a key part of that future, and we’re here to build it together.

It was pleasure to see you in Kyiv.

🔗 https://ethkyiv.com/

INTMAX Returns to ETH Kyiv: Empowering Ukraine’s Ethereum Builder Community with Scalable Privacy was originally published in INTMAX on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.