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There are 5 types of Inheritance in C++:

• Single inheritance
• Multiple inheritance
• Hierarchical inheritance
• Multilevel inheritance
• Hybrid inheritance

Single Inheritance:

A class derives from only one base class in single inheritance. This means that there is only one subclass descended from a single superclass.

Syntax:

class base {
//Body of the base class
};
class derived : access_specifier base {
//Body of the derived class
};

Example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Animal {
    public:
        void fun1() {
            cout<<"Animal Class"<<endl;
        }
};

class Dog : public Animal {
    public:
        void fun2() {
            cout<<"I am a dog"<<endl;
        }
};

int main() {
  Dog obj;
  obj.fun1();
  obj.fun2();
  return 0;
}

Output:

Animal Class
I am a dog

Multiple inheritance:

Multiple inheritance is a type of inheritance in which a class is derived from various classes. Class C, as illustrated in the diagram above, is a subclass of classes A and B.

Syntax:

class base1 {
  //body
};
class base2 {
  //body
};
.
.
.
class derived : access_specifier base1, access_specifier base2, ... {
  //body of the derived class
};

Example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class A {
    protected:
    int a;
    public:
    void seta(int x) {
        a = x;
    }
};

class B {
    protected:
    int b;
    public:
    void setb(int y) {
        b = y;
    }
};
class C : public A, public B {
    public:
    int add() {
        cout<<"Addition of two numbers = "<<a+b;
    }
};

int main() {
  C obj;
  obj.seta(4);
  obj.setb(9);
  obj.add();
  return 0;
}

Output:

Addition of two numbers = 13

Hierarchical inheritance:

In hierarchical inheritance, more than one class inherits from a single base class as shown in the representation above. This gives it a structure of hierarchy.

Example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Values {
    protected:
    double a, b;
    public:
    void initialize(double x, double y) {
        a = x;
        b = y;
    }
};

class A : public Values {
    public:
    void add() {
        cout<<"addition = "<<a+b<<endl;
    }
};

class B : public Values {
    public:
    void subtract() {
        cout<<"subtraction = "<<a-b<<endl;
    }
};

int main() {
  A obj1;
  B obj2;
  obj1.initialize(4.5,8.7);
  obj1.add();
  obj2.initialize(3.6,11);
  obj2.subtract();
  return 0;
}

Output:

addition = 13.2
subtraction = -7.4

Multilevel inheritance:

A class is derived from another derived class in multilevel inheritance. If our implementation is correct, this inheritance can have as many levels as we want.

Example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Animal {
    public:
    void fun1() {
        cout<<"Animal"<<endl;
    }
};

class PetAnimal : public Animal {
    public:
    void fun2() {
        cout<<"Pet animal"<<endl;
    }
};

class Dog : public PetAnimal {
    public:
    void fun3() {
          fun1();
        fun2();
        cout<<"Dog"<<endl;
    }
};

int main() {
  Dog obj;
  obj.fun3();
  return 0;
}

Output:

Animal
Pet animal
Dog

Hybrid Inheritance:

Hybrid Inheritance is a combination of Hierarchical and Multilevel Inheritance.

Note: also read about Inheritance in C++

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