As a Computer Science Student, if you want to write a Workable Python Program, then learning only Python Theories and practicing them will not help you. Along with them, you should be aware of the “Types of Python Errors” that you can face during program development time.
If there is any Error in the Python Program, then you will not get any kind of output. In that case, you have to first fix the Error and again compile the code to get the output. If you know about the Python Error Type that has occurred in the program, then fixing it will become easier.
In this article, we will first discuss the Python Errors and their different categories. Later, we will show Different Types of Python Errors that you might face while writing Python Code. So, let us start our journey.
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Summary Or Key Highlights:
- Python Errors are the issues that halt the Normal Execution of the Program Flow.
- In Python, the Errors can be divided into 3 Categories, Syntax, Runtime, and Logical Errors.
- We can also find outthe Differences between Syntax, Runtime, and Logical Errors.
- We have to use the Error Handling Process to bypass the Impact of Errors in Python Programs.
- With the Error Handling Process, we have to keep in mind some Performance Implications as well.
What Are Python Errors? Read Below
Python Errors are the issues that Disturb the Normal Flow of any Python Program. When the Python Interpreter faces the issue, it stops the Program Execution. In the Compiler, the Python Interpreter will then Mark the Issue for which the Code Execution has stopped.
When the Python Program Instructions are not followed, then this kind of issue will become more common. If we want to execute the code and get the output, we have to First Fix the Error, and then again we have to compile. That is the reason, fixing Python Errors is important.
Historical Evolution Of Python Errors:
- 1990s: During this period, Python could only capture the Errors that had any kind of problem with the Syntaxes. There was No Prominent Error Handling Technology present.
- 2000s: During this period, different types of Runtime Python Errors have been introduced, which helped to identify a certain error along with a Proper Reason.
- 2010s: During this period, developers started taking Python Errors as a serious one. To Handle the Python Errors, different Debugging Tools and Frameworks are introduced.
- 2020s: During this period, the Error Messages are being more Simplified for understanding the reason of the Error. We can see a Detailed Tracebacks for each error in compiler.
What Are Different Categories Of Python Errors?
Now, we hope that the definition of the Python Errors has become clear to you. Now, we can move ahead for the section where we will discuss the Different Categories of Python Errors.
A Python Error can occur for several reasons like Incorrect Syntax, Invalid Operations, etc. Based upon the reasons, we can divide the Python Errors into 3 Categories. Let us check them.
- Syntax Error: When we don’t follow the Python Syntax Rules, the Compiler can trace the issue and it will be marked as the Python Syntax Error, which is very common.
- Runtime Error: When the Python Error can bypass the Compilation Process, but get caught in the Execution Time, it is known as the Python Runtime Error.
- Logical Error: If the Logic of the Python Program is not correct, then a Python Logical Error can occur. In this error, we might get the Output, but it will not be the expected one.
What Are Some Common Python Errors And Ways to Fix Them?
In the above section, we have seen Different Categories of Python Errors. Now, the Python Error Categories can further be divided into some sub-categories. In this section, we are going to check about them. In this section, we will discuss 10 Different Types of Python Errors.
These are the Python Errors that fall under any kind of Categorical Umbrella. Let us check them one by one to understand their reason and process to fix.
1. Simple Syntax Error:
This is the Simple Syntax Error Python. When the developer doesn’t follow the Python Syntax Rules, then this kind of error will occur. The Python Interpreter will promptly identify such errors during compilation. Let us check the following example.
Print(“CodingZap” # We Forgot To Add End Braces
Explanation Of The Error:
- Here, in this example, we are trying to print the “CodingZap” Statement.
- But, the Syntax of the Print() Function is not correct. We have not provided the End Braces.
- That is the reason, the Syntax Error will be prompted.
How To Fix The Error: We have to check carefully about the Brackets, Parenthesis, Function Name, etc., from where such errors are very common to occur.
Error Output:
2. Indentation Errors (Syntax Error):
The Indentation Errors are part of the Syntax Error. But in this error, the developer doesn’t make mistakes in the Syntax but in the Python Program Writing Process. In Python, we have to provide Space Indentation properly. If we miss doing that, we will face the Indentation Errors.
def zap(): # Zap Function Declaration
print("CodingZap") # The Print Function Is Correct, But No Space Indentation
Explanation Of The Error:
- At first, the “Zap” Function will be declared.
- Inside the “Zap” Function, we are trying to print the “CodingZap” Statement.
- But, before the Print Function, there is No Space Indentation. That is the reason, there will be an error.
How To Fix The Error: Whenever we are making a New Line in Python, we have to use the Space or Tab Keys to maintain the Indentation and Clarity of the program.
Error Output:
3. Name Errors (Runtime Error):
The Name Error is a Runtime Error in Python. In any Python Program, if we are trying to access a Python Variable that is not yet Declared in the program, then the Name Error will happen. During the compilation, the Interpreter will not figure it out as its Syntax Declaration is Correct.
print(CodingZap) # We Are Trying To Print Undeclared CodingZap Variable
Explanation Of The Error:
- We have taken the Python Print() Function.
- In that function, we are trying to print the values of the “CodingZap” Variable, which is Not Declared in the program.
- So, it will prompt the Name Error Message in the compiler.
How to Fix the Error: First, we have to define all the variables we will use. Also, we should avoid typing mistakes while writing the Variable Name.
Error Output:
4. Type Errors (Runtime Error):
Type Errors in Python are also categorized under the Runtime Error Category. When we are performing any operations on two different types of Python Data Types, then this kind of error will occur. During compilation, the error will not be marked as they are correct in terms of the syntax.
zap = 5 # Integer Declaration
one = "Coding" # String Declaration
zap + one # We Are Trying To Add An Integer And A String
Explanation Of The Error:
- At first, we have declared two variables. One is an integer and another is a String.
- Now, we want to add these two variables, which are not Possible in Python. We can only add when two data types are similar. So, the error will occur.
How To Fix The Error: In such cases, we have to convert one data type to another data type in Python using the type conversion method. Then, we can perform any operations on them.
Error Output:
5. Value Errors (Runtime Error):
The Value Error also comes under the Runtime Error Category. The Value Error is also associated with the Python Type Conversion. When we are trying to convert a value of one data type to another data type where it will not be supported, in those cases, we can face the Value Error Issue.
one = "CodingZap" # String Declaration
int(one) # We Are Trying To Convert A String To Integer
Explanation Of The Error:
- At first, we have taken one String Variable “one” which has the String Value “CodingZap”.
- Now, we are trying to convert the string value to the integer value, which is not possible.
- Instead of the “CodingZap” Value if there was “1234” String Value, then the conversion will become possible. But in this case, it will prompt the ValueError.
How To Fix The Error: We have to first check whether input values are valid and matching for the operations that we want to execute. In this case, the Error Handling Process will be better to use.
Error Output:
6. Index Errors (Runtime Error):
The Index Errors are associated with the Python Lists where the Index and the Elements play an important role. If we are trying to access any element beyond the Index Capability, then the Index Error will occur. As the Index Error is not figured out during compilation, it comes under the Runtime Error Category.
zap = [4, 2, 25] # Declared A List With 3 Indexes
zap[5] # We Are Trying To Access The 5th Index Which Is Not Present
Explanation Of The Error:
- Here, we have taken one List “Zap” and provided 3 Values. Hence, there will be only 3 Indexes.
- Now, we are trying to access the element stored at the Index Number 5 which will not be possible. In that case, the Index Error we will face.
How To Fix The Error: We have to always try to access the List Elements in the Index Limit. Sometimes, we can use the Len() Function to figure out the Index Boundaries as well.
Error Output:
7. Key Errors (Runtime Error):
The Key Errors in Python are associated with Python Dictionaries. In Python Dictionaries, we have to provide keys and values to implement them. Now, if we are accessing any Key that is Not Present in the Dictionary, it will cause the Python Key Error, which is also a Runtime Error.
zap = {"Code": "Python"} # Implementing The Python Dictionary
zap["Value"] # We Are Trying To Access Value Key Which Is Not Present
Explanation Of The Error:
- At first, we have declared a Dictionary “Zap” where only one Key “Code” is present along with Value “Python”.
- Now, we are trying to access the “Value” Key which is not present in the Dictionary. Hence, we will get the Python Key Error.
How To Fix The Error: We have to first check the Keys and Values in the Dictionary before going for any operations.
Error Output:
What Is The Error Handling Process In Python?
Now, after checking Different Kinds of Python Errors, it is time for the Error Handling Process. In any Python Program, if we can anticipate any kind of Error, then using this approach we can Bypass Them. We can do Error Handling with the help of the TRY and EXCEPT Keywords.
In this section, we will use the above-discussed ZeroDivision Error Example. We will use the TRY and EXCEPT Keywords and bypass the ZeroDivision Error. Let us check the following code to know more.
try: # Implementing The TRY Keyword
zap = 52 # Integer Variable With Positive Value
one = 0 # Integer Variable With Zero Value
CodingZap = zap / one # Trying To Divide Positive Value With Zero
except ZeroDivisionError: # Implementing The EXCEPT Keyword
print("The ZeroDivision Error Is Bypassed")
Steps Of the Program:
- First, we will use the TRY Keyword. The entire code snippet of the ZeroDivision Error will be placed in the TRY Code Section.
- If we are supposing any Code Snippet to have an error chance, we have to put it into the TRY Section.
- Now, the EXCEPT Code Block will be implemented. Here, after the EXCEPT Code Block we will put the Error Name that we are expecting. Here, the Error Name is ZeroDivision Error.
- Inside the EXCEPT Block, whatever we write will be executed in case there is any ZeroDivisionError in the code.
- As there will be a ZeroDivisionError, the Print Statement in the EXCEPT Block will be printed.
Output:
What Are Some Performance Implications Of Python Error Handling?
Now, we hope that the Error Handling Process in Python has become clear to you. But if you think that, you will not put concentrations on errors and fix them with the use of the Error Handling Process every time, then you are thinking wrong.
We have to keep in mind some Performance Implications as well while using the Error Handling Process. Let us check some Performance Implications.
- Excessive use of the Try-Except Block can increase the Overhead in the applications.
- If we use the Custom Exceptions rather than the Built-in One, the Program Speed will get Slower.
- If we use Try-Except in a Nested Manner, then the Code will become Complex.
- If we use Error Handling for Control Flow, the Code Performance will be impacted.
- Without Proper Design, the Error Handling Process might cause Deadlock Situations.
Comparison Table Between Syntax Errors, Runtime Errors, And Logical Errors:
Now, before we conclude our discussion, we would like to make a Comparison Table on Syntax, Runtime, and Logical Errors. We will make the Comparison Table based on their Reason, Occurrence Time, Impact, Debugging complexity, etc.
So, let us check the following table to know about them and have a good understanding on the topic.
Categories | Syntax Errors | Runtime Errors | Logical Errors |
Reason | Incorrect Syntax | Invalid Operations | Incorrect Program Logic |
Occurrence Time | During Code Compilation | During Code Execution | After Code Execution |
Impact | The program gets Stopped Before the Execution | The program gets Stopped During the Execution | The program might not get even Stop. |
Debugging Complexity | Easy | Moderate to Difficult | Most Difficult |
Tools For Fixing | No Tool Present | Try-Except Block | Unit Testing and Manual Verification |
Conclusion:
In the end, we can say that it is very important to know about the “Types of Python Errors”.
However, we will advise you to first learn about the Python Basic Theories and implement them practically. If your practical knowledge is clear, then only you can start learning Python Errors. Otherwise, you will find this topic very difficult to understand.
Takeaways:
- If there is any Error in the Python Syntax, then it will be marked as a Syntax Error.
- Examples of Python Syntax Errors are Indentation Errors, Bracket Errors, etc.
- If there are any Invalid Operations in Python, then the Error will be a Runtime Error.
- Examples of Python Runtime Error will be Name Error, Key Error, ValueError, etc.
- If the Logic of the Program is incorrect, then it will be a Logical Error like a ZeroDivisionError.
