
Системный каталог
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Создадим БД и тестовые объекты

psql postgres -c "CREATE DATABASE dba1_07_demo;" 
CREATE DATABASE
        psql dba1_07_demo

        => create table master_table (id int primary key, c text not null);
        CREATE TABLE

        => comment on table master_table is 'Тестовая таблица';
        COMMENT

        => create table detail_table (id int references master_table(id), c text);
        CREATE TABLE

        => create view my_view as select * from detail_table;
        CREATE VIEW

        => comment on column my_view.id is 'Идентификатор';
        COMMENT

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Список таблиц системного словаря:

        => \dt pg_catalog.*
                            List of relations
           Schema   |          Name           | Type  |  Owner   
        ------------+-------------------------+-------+----------
         pg_catalog | pg_aggregate            | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_am                   | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_amop                 | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_amproc               | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_attrdef              | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_attribute            | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_auth_members         | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_authid               | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_cast                 | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_class                | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_collation            | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_constraint           | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_conversion           | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_database             | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_db_role_setting      | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_default_acl          | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_depend               | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_description          | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_enum                 | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_event_trigger        | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_extension            | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_foreign_data_wrapper | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_foreign_server       | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_foreign_table        | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_index                | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_inherits             | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_language             | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_largeobject          | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_largeobject_metadata | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_namespace            | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_opclass              | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_operator             | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_opfamily             | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_pltemplate           | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_proc                 | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_range                | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_rewrite              | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_seclabel             | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_shdepend             | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_shdescription        | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_shseclabel           | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_statistic            | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_tablespace           | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_trigger              | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_ts_config            | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_ts_config_map        | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_ts_dict              | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_ts_parser            | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_ts_template          | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_type                 | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_user_mapping         | table | postgres
        (51 rows)
        

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Список представлений системного словаря:

        => \dv pg_catalog.*
                               List of relations
           Schema   |              Name               | Type |  Owner   
        ------------+---------------------------------+------+----------
         pg_catalog | pg_available_extension_versions | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_available_extensions         | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_cursors                      | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_group                        | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_indexes                      | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_locks                        | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_matviews                     | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_prepared_statements          | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_prepared_xacts               | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_replication_slots            | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_roles                        | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_rules                        | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_seclabels                    | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_settings                     | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_shadow                       | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_stat_activity                | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_stat_all_indexes             | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_stat_all_tables              | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_stat_archiver                | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_stat_bgwriter                | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_stat_database                | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_stat_database_conflicts      | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_stat_replication             | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_stat_sys_indexes             | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_stat_sys_tables              | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_stat_user_functions          | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_stat_user_indexes            | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_stat_user_tables             | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_stat_xact_all_tables         | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_stat_xact_sys_tables         | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_stat_xact_user_functions     | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_stat_xact_user_tables        | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_statio_all_indexes           | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_statio_all_sequences         | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_statio_all_tables            | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_statio_sys_indexes           | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_statio_sys_sequences         | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_statio_sys_tables            | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_statio_user_indexes          | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_statio_user_sequences        | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_statio_user_tables           | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_stats                        | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_tables                       | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_timezone_abbrevs             | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_timezone_names               | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_user                         | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_user_mappings                | view | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_views                        | view | postgres
        (48 rows)
        

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Список системных функций для определения размера объектов:

        => \x
        Expanded display is on.

        => \df pg_catalog.pg_*size
        List of functions
        -[ RECORD 1 ]-------+-----------------------
        Schema              | pg_catalog
        Name                | pg_column_size
        Result data type    | integer
        Argument data types | "any"
        Type                | normal
        -[ RECORD 2 ]-------+-----------------------
        Schema              | pg_catalog
        Name                | pg_database_size
        Result data type    | bigint
        Argument data types | name
        Type                | normal
        -[ RECORD 3 ]-------+-----------------------
        Schema              | pg_catalog
        Name                | pg_database_size
        Result data type    | bigint
        Argument data types | oid
        Type                | normal
        -[ RECORD 4 ]-------+-----------------------
        Schema              | pg_catalog
        Name                | pg_indexes_size
        Result data type    | bigint
        Argument data types | regclass
        Type                | normal
        -[ RECORD 5 ]-------+-----------------------
        Schema              | pg_catalog
        Name                | pg_relation_size
        Result data type    | bigint
        Argument data types | regclass
        Type                | normal
        -[ RECORD 6 ]-------+-----------------------
        Schema              | pg_catalog
        Name                | pg_relation_size
        Result data type    | bigint
        Argument data types | regclass, text
        Type                | normal
        -[ RECORD 7 ]-------+-----------------------
        Schema              | pg_catalog
        Name                | pg_table_size
        Result data type    | bigint
        Argument data types | regclass
        Type                | normal
        -[ RECORD 8 ]-------+-----------------------
        Schema              | pg_catalog
        Name                | pg_tablespace_size
        Result data type    | bigint
        Argument data types | name
        Type                | normal
        -[ RECORD 9 ]-------+-----------------------
        Schema              | pg_catalog
        Name                | pg_tablespace_size
        Result data type    | bigint
        Argument data types | oid
        Type                | normal
        -[ RECORD 10 ]------+-----------------------
        Schema              | pg_catalog
        Name                | pg_total_relation_size
        Result data type    | bigint
        Argument data types | regclass
        Type                | normal
        

        => \x
        Expanded display is off.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Получение описания функции:

        => \sf pg_table_size
        CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION pg_catalog.pg_table_size(regclass)
         RETURNS bigint
         LANGUAGE internal
         STRICT
        AS $function$pg_table_size$function$

Редактирование функции: \ef function_name

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Получение размера баз данных кластера:

        => select pd.datname as database_name
        =>       ,pg_database_size (pd.oid) as db_size_bytes
        =>       ,pg_size_pretty(
        =>           pg_database_size (pd.oid)
        =>        ) as db_size_text
        =>   from pg_database pd;
         database_name | db_size_bytes | db_size_text 
        ---------------+---------------+--------------
         template1     |       6466900 | 6315 kB
         template0     |       6332932 | 6185 kB
         postgres      |       6442324 | 6291 kB
         dba1_07_demo  |       6532436 | 6379 kB
         test          |       6589780 | 6435 kB
        (5 rows)
        

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Команды \d* позволяют быстро получить информацию
из таблиц системного словаря.

Получить список таблиц:

        => \dt
                    List of relations
         Schema |     Name     | Type  |  Owner   
        --------+--------------+-------+----------
         public | detail_table | table | postgres
         public | master_table | table | postgres
        (2 rows)
        

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Получить список представлений:

        => \dv
                 List of relations
         Schema |  Name   | Type |  Owner   
        --------+---------+------+----------
         public | my_view | view | postgres
        (1 row)
        

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Одной командой можно получить список нескольких типов объектов:
\dtvismE
  t - таблицы
  v - представления
  i - индексы
  s - последовательности
  m - материализованные представления
  E - внешние таблицы

        => \dtvi
                              List of relations
         Schema |       Name        | Type  |  Owner   |    Table     
        --------+-------------------+-------+----------+--------------
         public | detail_table      | table | postgres | 
         public | master_table      | table | postgres | 
         public | master_table_pkey | index | postgres | master_table
         public | my_view           | view  | postgres | 
        (4 rows)
        

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Модификатор + позволяет получить дополнительную информацию.
Состав дополнительной информации предопределен и зависит от типа объекта

        => \dt+
                                    List of relations
         Schema |     Name     | Type  |  Owner   |    Size    |   Description    
        --------+--------------+-------+----------+------------+------------------
         public | detail_table | table | postgres | 8192 bytes | 
         public | master_table | table | postgres | 8192 bytes | Тестовая таблица
        (2 rows)
        

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Модификатор S выводит системные объекты в дополнении к пользовательским.

        => \dtS *table*
                        List of relations
           Schema   |       Name       | Type  |  Owner   
        ------------+------------------+-------+----------
         pg_catalog | pg_foreign_table | table | postgres
         pg_catalog | pg_tablespace    | table | postgres
         public     | detail_table     | table | postgres
         public     | master_table     | table | postgres
        (4 rows)
        

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Для получения информации об одном объекте 
(таблица, представление, индекс, последовательность, внешняя таблица):

        => \d master_table
         Table "public.master_table"
         Column |  Type   | Modifiers 
        --------+---------+-----------
         id     | integer | not null
         c      | text    | not null
        Indexes:
            "master_table_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
        Referenced by:
            TABLE "detail_table" CONSTRAINT "detail_table_id_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (id) REFERENCES master_table(id)
        

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Модификатор + работает и для \d:

        => \d+ my_view
                          View "public.my_view"
         Column |  Type   | Modifiers | Storage  |  Description  
        --------+---------+-----------+----------+---------------
         id     | integer |           | plain    | Идентификатор
         c      | text    |           | extended | 
        View definition:
         SELECT detail_table.id,
            detail_table.c
           FROM detail_table;
        

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Использование REG* типов.

Напишем запрос, который выводит столбцы представления my_view.
Нам потребуются таблицы системного каталога:
  pg_class - список объектов, включая представления
  pg_attribute - список столбцов

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

        => select oid, relname from pg_class limit 5;
          oid  |       relname        
        -------+----------------------
          2619 | pg_statistic
          1247 | pg_type
         24752 | pg_toast_24749
         24754 | pg_toast_24749_index
          2840 | pg_toast_2619
        (5 rows)
        

        => select attrelid, attname from pg_attribute limit 5;
         attrelid |   attname    
        ----------+--------------
             1255 | proname
             1255 | pronamespace
             1255 | proowner
             1255 | prolang
             1255 | procost
        (5 rows)
        

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Две таблицы связаны по pg_class.OID - pg_attribute.attrelid
Запрос на соединение двух таблиц:

        => select c.attrelid, c.attname 
        =>   from pg_attribute c, pg_class t
        =>  where c.attrelid = t.oid
        =>    and t.relname = 'my_view';
         attrelid | attname 
        ----------+---------
            24768 | c
            24768 | id
        (2 rows)
        

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Запрос с использованием regclass:

        => select attrelid, attname
        =>   from pg_attribute
        =>  where attrelid = 'my_view'::regclass;
         attrelid | attname 
        ----------+---------
            24768 | c
            24768 | id
        (2 rows)
        

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

        => \q

Посмотрим на запрос, которые выполняет psql для команды \dt
psql dba1_07_demo -E -c '\dt'
********* QUERY **********
SELECT n.nspname as "Schema",
  c.relname as "Name",
  CASE c.relkind WHEN 'r' THEN 'table' WHEN 'v' THEN 'view' WHEN 'm' THEN 'materialized view' WHEN 'i' THEN 'index' WHEN 'S' THEN 'sequence' WHEN 's' THEN 'special' WHEN 'f' THEN 'foreign table' END as "Type",
  pg_catalog.pg_get_userbyid(c.relowner) as "Owner"
FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
     LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
WHERE c.relkind IN ('r','')
      AND n.nspname <> 'pg_catalog'
      AND n.nspname <> 'information_schema'
      AND n.nspname !~ '^pg_toast'
  AND pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid)
ORDER BY 1,2;
**************************

            List of relations
 Schema |     Name     | Type  |  Owner   
--------+--------------+-------+----------
 public | detail_table | table | postgres
 public | master_table | table | postgres
(2 rows)


-----------------------------------------------------------------------

psql postgres -c "DROP DATABASE dba1_07_demo;" 
DROP DATABASE

Конец демонстрации.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
