Spring @Scheduled vs Quartz Scheduler Example

1. Introduction

Spring is a Java application framework that provides many useful services for building applications. It provides two annotations to enable scheduling tasks:

• @EnableScheduling – to enable Spring’s scheduled task execution capability. It’s used on a class with @Configuration annotation.
• @Scheduled – to mark a method to be scheduled. The annotated method must have no arguments and a void return type.

Quartz is an open source library designed to schedule a job for enterprises. It provides several interfaces and classes to schedule a job:

• org.quartz.Job interface – any class which implements it can be used to schedule a job.
• org.quartz.ScheduleBuilder – abstract class to construct scheduling-related entities. There are four sub-classes: CalendarIntervalScheduleBuilder, CronScheduleBuilder, DailyTimeIntervalScheduleBuilder, and SimpleScheduleBuilder.
• org.quartz.SchedulerFactory interface – DirectSchedulerFactory and StdSchedulerFactory implement it to schedule a job.

In this example, I will build two scheduler applications: one with Spring, the other with Quartz.

2. Technologies used

The example code in this article was built and run using:

• Java 1.8.101
• Maven 3.3.9
• Quartz 2.3.0
• Spring Boot 2.1.2.RELEASE
• Eclipse Oxygen
• Logback 1.2.3

3. Maven Project

Spring Boot Starters provides more than 30 starters to ease the dependency management for your projects. I will use it to generate a Spring Boot application:

1. Go to https://start.spring.io/.
2. Select Maven Project with Java and Spring Boot version.
3. Enter the group name: jcg.zheng.demo and artifact:quartz-spring-demo.
4. Click the Generate Project button.

A maven project will be generated and downloaded to your workstation. Import it into your Eclipse workspace.

3.1 Pom.xml

Add dependencies to the pom.xml.

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<groupId>jcg.zheng.demo</groupId>
	<artifactId>quartz-spring-demo</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>quartz-spring-demo</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.1.2.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
			<artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

3.2 Business Task

In this step, I will create a BusinessTask.java class whose method takes 90 seconds to complete and throw a RuntimeException when the current thread’s name ends with “2”.

BusinessTask.java

package jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.spring.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class BusinessTask {
	private static final long NITY_SECONDS = 90000;

	public void doit() {
		if (Thread.currentThread().getName().endsWith("2")) {
			throw new RuntimeException("Opps! unexpected Error!");
		}
		try {
			Thread.sleep(NITY_SECONDS);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

3.3 Application Properties

In this step, I will create an application.properties to hold the cron expression string and fixed rate value in milliseconds.

application.properties

scheduler.cron.expression=0 * * * * ?
scheduler.fixedrate.ms=15000

3.4 Logback.xml

To illustrate the scheduled job, I will configure a logback.xml file for each scheduler.

logback.xml

<configuration debug="true" scan="true"
	scanPeriod="150 seconds">
	<property name="LOG_DIR" value="logs" />

	<appender name="CONSOLE"
		class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender" target="System.out">
		<encoder>
			<charset>UTF-8</charset>
			<Pattern>%d %-4relative [%thread] %-5level %logger{35} - %msg%n
			</Pattern>
		</encoder>
	</appender>

	<appender name="SPRING_SCHEDULER_FILE_FIXEDRATE"
		class="ch.qos.logback.core.FileAppender">
		<file>${LOG_DIR}/spring_scheduler_fixedRate.log</file>
		<encoder>
			<charset>UTF-8</charset>
			<Pattern>%d %-4relative [%thread] %-5level %logger{35} - %msg%n
			</Pattern>
		</encoder>
	</appender>

	<appender name="SPRING_SCHEDULER_FILE_FIXEDRATE_ASYNC"
		class="ch.qos.logback.core.FileAppender">
		<file>${LOG_DIR}/spring_scheduler_fixedRate_async.log</file>
		<encoder>
			<charset>UTF-8</charset>
			<Pattern>%d %-4relative [%thread] %-5level %logger{35} - %msg%n
			</Pattern>
		</encoder>
	</appender>

	<appender name="SPRING_SCHEDULER_FILE_FIXEDDELAY"
		class="ch.qos.logback.core.FileAppender">
		<file>${LOG_DIR}/spring_scheduler_fixedDelay.log</file>
		<encoder>
			<charset>UTF-8</charset>
			<Pattern>%d %-4relative [%thread] %-5level %logger{35} - %msg%n
			</Pattern>
		</encoder>
	</appender>

	<appender name="SPRING_SCHEDULER_FILE_FIXEDDELAY_ASYNC"
		class="ch.qos.logback.core.FileAppender">
		<file>${LOG_DIR}/spring_scheduler_fixedDelay_async.log</file>
		<encoder>
			<charset>UTF-8</charset>
			<Pattern>%d %-4relative [%thread] %-5level %logger{35} - %msg%n
			</Pattern>
		</encoder>
	</appender>

	<appender name="SPRING_SCHEDULER_FILE_CRON"
		class="ch.qos.logback.core.FileAppender">
		<file>${LOG_DIR}/spring_scheduler_cron.log</file>
		<encoder>
			<charset>UTF-8</charset>
			<Pattern>%d %-4relative [%thread] %-5level %logger{35} - %msg%n
			</Pattern>
		</encoder>
	</appender>

	<appender name="SPRING_SCHEDULER_FILE_CRON_ASYNC"
		class="ch.qos.logback.core.FileAppender">
		<file>${LOG_DIR}/spring_scheduler_cron_async.log</file>
		<encoder>
			<charset>UTF-8</charset>
			<Pattern>%d %-4relative [%thread] %-5level %logger{35} - %msg%n
			</Pattern>
		</encoder>
	</appender>

	<appender name="QUARTZ_SCHEDULER_FILE"
		class="ch.qos.logback.core.FileAppender">
		<file>${LOG_DIR}/quartz_scheduler.log</file>
		<encoder>
			<charset>UTF-8</charset>
			<Pattern>%d %-4relative [%thread] %-5level %logger{35} - %msg%n
			</Pattern>
		</encoder>
	</appender>

	<logger name="jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.quartz" level="info"
		additivity="false">
		<appender-ref ref="QUARTZ_SCHEDULER_FILE" />
	</logger>

	<logger
		name="jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.spring.scheduler.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException"
		level="info" additivity="false">
		<appender-ref ref="SPRING_SCHEDULER_FILE_FIXEDRATE" />
	</logger>

	<logger
		name="jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.spring.scheduler.AsyncFixedRateScheduler"
		level="info" additivity="false">
		<appender-ref ref="SPRING_SCHEDULER_FILE_FIXEDRATE_ASYNC" />
	</logger>

	<logger
		name="jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.spring.scheduler.FixedDelayScheduler"
		level="info" additivity="false">
		<appender-ref ref="SPRING_SCHEDULER_FILE_FIXEDDELAY" />
	</logger>

	<logger
		name="jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.spring.scheduler.AsyncFixedDelayScheduler"
		level="info" additivity="false">
		<appender-ref
			ref="SPRING_SCHEDULER_FILE_FIXEDDELAY_ASYNC" />
	</logger>

	<logger
		name="jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.spring.scheduler.CronScheduler"
		level="info" additivity="false">
		<appender-ref ref="SPRING_SCHEDULER_FILE_CRON" />
	</logger>

	<logger
		name="jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.spring.scheduler.AsyncCronScheduler"
		level="info" additivity="false">
		<appender-ref ref="SPRING_SCHEDULER_FILE_CRON_ASYNC" />
	</logger>

	<root level="info">
		<appender-ref ref="CONSOLE" />
	</root>
</configuration>

4. Quartz Scheduler

In this step, I will create a Quartz scheduler application. It will schedule two jobs:

• One runs every minute triggered by a cron expression.
• Another runs with one minute intervals for a total of 30 times.

4.1 QuartzJob

Quartz job must implement org.quartz.Job interface. In this step, I will create a QuartzJob class which implements org.quartz.Jobinterface and overrides the execute method.

QuartzJob.java

package jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.quartz;

import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.spring.service.BusinessTask;

public class QuartzJob implements Job {
	Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(QuartzJob.class);

	private BusinessTask service = new BusinessTask();

	@Override
	public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
		logger.info(" started ");

		service.doit();

		logger.info(" completed.");
	}

}

I will create QuartzJob_HandleException.java which does same as above class with additional exception handling logic.

QuartzJob_HandleException.java

package jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.quartz;

import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.spring.service.BusinessTask;

public class QuartzJob_HandleException implements Job {
	Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(QuartzJob_HandleException.class);

	private BusinessTask service = new BusinessTask();

	@Override
	public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
		logger.info(" started ");
		boolean isCompleted = false;
		try {
			service.doit();
			isCompleted = true;
		} catch (Exception e) {
			logger.error("Failed. due to " + e.getMessage());
		} finally {
			logger.info(" completed with status=" + isCompleted);
		}
	}
}

4.2 Quartz Scheduler

Quartz library provides org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory. I will use it to create a scheduler instance and schedule two jobs: one for QuartzJob_HandleException with CronScheduleBuilder, the other for QuartzJob with SimpleScheduleBuilder.

QuartzScheduler.java

package jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.quartz;

import org.quartz.CronScheduleBuilder;
import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobBuilder;
import org.quartz.JobDetail;
import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SimpleScheduleBuilder;
import org.quartz.Trigger;
import org.quartz.TriggerBuilder;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class QuartzScheduler {
	static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(QuartzScheduler.class);

	private static final String TRIGGER_NAME = "MyTriggerName";
	private static final String JOB_NAME = "someJob";
	private static final String CRON_EXPRESSION_EVERY_SECOND_1 = "1 * * * * ?";

	private Scheduler scheduler;

	public void start() throws Exception {
		logger.info("QuartzScheduler started. ");
		scheduler = new StdSchedulerFactory().getScheduler();
	
		scheduleJob(buildCronSchedulerTrigger("cronGroup"), QuartzJob_HandleException.class, "cronGroup");
		scheduleJob(buildSimpleSchedulerTrigger("simpleGroup"), QuartzJob.class, "simpleGroup");
		scheduler.start();
	}

	private void scheduleJob(Trigger trigger, Class jobClass, String groupName) throws Exception {
		JobDetail someJobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(jobClass).withIdentity(JOB_NAME, groupName).build();
		scheduler.scheduleJob(someJobDetail, trigger);
	}

	private Trigger buildCronSchedulerTrigger(String groupName) {
		return TriggerBuilder
				.newTrigger().withIdentity(TRIGGER_NAME, groupName).withSchedule(CronScheduleBuilder
						.cronSchedule(CRON_EXPRESSION_EVERY_SECOND_1).withMisfireHandlingInstructionDoNothing())
				.build();
	}

	private Trigger buildSimpleSchedulerTrigger(String groupName) {
		return TriggerBuilder
				.newTrigger().withIdentity(TRIGGER_NAME, groupName).withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()
						.withRepeatCount(30).withIntervalInMinutes(1).withMisfireHandlingInstructionIgnoreMisfires())
				.build();
	}
}

4.3 Demo

In this step, I will create a java application to start the Quartz scheduler application.

Note: Quartz provides ten threads as the default thread pool count.

QuartzSchedulerApplication.java

package jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.quartz;

public class QuartzSchedulerApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		QuartzScheduler scheduler = new QuartzScheduler();
		scheduler.start();
	}
}

Quartz log

2019-01-23 14:00:06,336 234  [main] INFO  j.z.d.s.quartz.QuartzScheduler - QuartzScheduler started. 
2019-01-23 14:00:06,431 329  [DefaultQuartzScheduler_Worker-1] INFO  j.z.demo.scheduler.quartz.QuartzJob -  started 
2019-01-23 14:01:01,011 54909 [DefaultQuartzScheduler_Worker-2] INFO  j.z.d.s.q.QuartzJob_HandleException -  started 
2019-01-23 14:01:01,011 54909 [DefaultQuartzScheduler_Worker-2] ERROR j.z.d.s.q.QuartzJob_HandleException - Failed. due to Opps! unexpected Error!
2019-01-23 14:01:01,011 54909 [DefaultQuartzScheduler_Worker-2] INFO  j.z.d.s.q.QuartzJob_HandleException -  completed with status=false
2019-01-23 14:01:06,436 60334 [DefaultQuartzScheduler_Worker-3] INFO  j.z.demo.scheduler.quartz.QuartzJob -  started 
2019-01-23 14:01:36,427 90325 [DefaultQuartzScheduler_Worker-1] INFO  j.z.demo.scheduler.quartz.QuartzJob -  completed.
2019-01-23 14:02:01,004 114902 [DefaultQuartzScheduler_Worker-4] INFO  j.z.d.s.q.QuartzJob_HandleException -  started 
2019-01-23 14:02:06,428 120326 [DefaultQuartzScheduler_Worker-5] INFO  j.z.demo.scheduler.quartz.QuartzJob -  started 
2019-01-23 14:02:36,477 150375 [DefaultQuartzScheduler_Worker-3] INFO  j.z.demo.scheduler.quartz.QuartzJob -  completed.
2019-01-23 14:03:01,007 174905 [DefaultQuartzScheduler_Worker-6] INFO  j.z.d.s.q.QuartzJob_HandleException -  started 
2019-01-23 14:03:06,473 180371 [DefaultQuartzScheduler_Worker-7] INFO  j.z.demo.scheduler.quartz.QuartzJob -  started 
2019-01-23 14:03:31,009 204907 [DefaultQuartzScheduler_Worker-4] INFO  j.z.d.s.q.QuartzJob_HandleException -  completed with status=true
2019-01-23 14:03:36,433 210331 [DefaultQuartzScheduler_Worker-5] INFO  j.z.demo.scheduler.quartz.QuartzJob -  completed.
2019-01-23 14:04:01,029 234927 [DefaultQuartzScheduler_Worker-8] INFO  j.z.d.s.q.QuartzJob_HandleException -  started 
2019-01-23 14:04:06,430 240328 [DefaultQuartzScheduler_Worker-9] INFO  j.z.demo.scheduler.quartz.QuartzJob -  started 
2019-01-23 14:04:31,013 264911 [DefaultQuartzScheduler_Worker-6] INFO  j.z.d.s.q.QuartzJob_HandleException -  completed with status=true
2019-01-23 14:04:36,444 270342 [DefaultQuartzScheduler_Worker-7] INFO  j.z.demo.scheduler.quartz.QuartzJob -  completed.
2019-01-23 14:05:01,010 294908 [DefaultQuartzScheduler_Worker-10] INFO  j.z.d.s.q.QuartzJob_HandleException -  started 
2019-01-23 14:05:06,434 300332 [DefaultQuartzScheduler_Worker-2] INFO  j.z.demo.scheduler.quartz.QuartzJob -  started 

5. Spring Scheduler

In this step, I will create a Spring boot application which enables the scheduling and has several schedulers.

5.1 Scheduler Configuration

Spring provides a single thread as the default setting for all the tasks marked with @Scheduled annotation. You don’t need this step if a single thread scheduler meets your requirements.

Spring framework provides TaskScheduler interface and its own implementation, such as ThreadPoolTaskScheduler. It also provides a SchedulingConfigurer functional interface which sets up a specified task scheduler.

In this step, I will configure a four-thread pool with ThreadPoolTaskScheduler and mark it with @EnableAsync.

SchedulerConfig.java

package jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.spring;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.SchedulingConfigurer;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskScheduler;
import org.springframework.scheduling.config.ScheduledTaskRegistrar;

@Configuration
@EnableAsync
public class SchedulerConfig implements SchedulingConfigurer {
	
	Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SchedulerConfig.class);


	@Override
	public void configureTasks(ScheduledTaskRegistrar scheduledTaskRegister) {
		ThreadPoolTaskScheduler taskScheduler = new ThreadPoolTaskScheduler();
		taskScheduler.setErrorHandler(t-> logger.error("Caught exception on the @Scheduled task. " + t.getMessage()));
		taskScheduler.setPoolSize(4);
		taskScheduler.setThreadNamePrefix("Spring-scheduler-task-pool-");
		taskScheduler.initialize();
	
		scheduledTaskRegister.setTaskScheduler(taskScheduler);
	}

}

5.2 Spring boot application

I will add @EnableScheduling annotation to the generated SpringSchedulerApplication.java.

SpringSchedulerApplication.java

package jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.spring;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableScheduling
public class SpringSchedulerApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(SpringSchedulerApplication.class, args);
	}
}

5.3 Fixed Rate Scheduler

Spring @Scheduled annotation has fixedRate and fixedRateString attributes. Tasks with this attribute are executed in a fixed interval in milliseconds. fixedRate requires an integer value and fixedRateString requires a String value.

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In this step, I will create two schedulers for the fixedRate attributes: one with an exception handling, the other with @Async annotation.

FixedRateScheduler_HandleException.java

package jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.spring.scheduler;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.spring.service.BusinessTask;

@Component
public class FixedRateScheduler_HandleException {

	@Autowired
	private BusinessTask service;

	Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FixedRateScheduler_HandleException.class);

	// will wait for previous execution because it's not marked as Async
	@Scheduled(fixedRateString = "${scheduler.fixedrate.ms}")
	public void scheduledTask() {
		logger.info(" started.");
		boolean isCompleted = false;
		try {
			service.doit();
			isCompleted = true;
		} catch (Exception e) {
			logger.error("Caught Exception" + e.getMessage());
		} finally {
			logger.info(" completed with status=" + isCompleted);
		}
	}

}

AsyncFixedRateScheduler.java

package jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.spring.scheduler;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.spring.service.BusinessTask;

@Component
public class AsyncFixedRateScheduler {

	@Autowired
	private BusinessTask service;

	Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AsyncFixedRateScheduler.class);

	// trigger with every 15 seconds, will not wait for the previous execution
	@Scheduled(fixedRate = 15000)
	@Async
	public void scheduledTask() {
		logger.info(" started.");

		service.doit();

		logger.info(" completed.");
	}

}

5.4 Fixed Delay Scheduler

Spring @Scheduled annotation has fixedDelay and fixedDelayString attributes. Tasks with this attribute are executed sequentially and the next execution is waited for the previous execution with a fixed delay in milliseconds. fixedDelay requires an Integer value and fixedDelayString requires a String value.

FixedDelayScheduler.java

package jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.spring.scheduler;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.spring.service.BusinessTask;

@Component
public class FixedDelayScheduler {

	@Autowired
	private BusinessTask service;

	Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FixedDelayScheduler.class);

	// trigger by delay 15 seconds after previous execution, the intial execution is
	// delayed by 30 seconds
	@Scheduled(fixedDelay = 15000, initialDelay = 30000)
	public void scheduledTask() {
		logger.info(" started.");

		service.doit();

		logger.info(" completed.");
	}

}

AsyncFixedDelayScheduler.java

package jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.spring.scheduler;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.spring.service.BusinessTask;

@Component
public class AsyncFixedDelayScheduler {

	@Autowired
	private BusinessTask service;

	Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AsyncFixedDelayScheduler.class);

	// trigger by delay 15 seconds after previous execution, the intial execution is
	// delayed by 30 seconds
	@Scheduled(fixedDelay = 15000, initialDelay = 30000)
	@Async
	public void scheduleFixedDelayTask() {
		logger.info(" started.");

		service.doit();

		logger.info(" completed.");
	}

}

5.5 Cron Scheduler

Spring @Scheduled annotation has a cron attribute. Tasks with this attribute are executed based on a cron expression.

Note: it always waits for the previous execution.

CronScheduler.java

package jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.spring.scheduler;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.spring.service.BusinessTask;

@Component
public class CronScheduler {

	@Autowired
	private BusinessTask service;

	Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CronScheduler.class);

	@Scheduled(cron = "${scheduler.cron.expression}")
	public void schedulesTask() {
		logger.info(" started.");

		service.doit();
		logger.info(" completed.");
	}

}

AsyncCronScheduler.java

package jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.spring.scheduler;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import jcg.zheng.demo.scheduler.spring.service.BusinessTask;

@Component
public class CronScheduler {

	@Autowired
	private BusinessTask service;

	Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CronScheduler.class);

	@Scheduled(cron = "${scheduler.cron.expression}")
	public void schedulesTask() {
		logger.info(" started.");

		service.doit();
		logger.info(" completed.");
	}

}

5.6 Demo

Execute it as a Spring boot application and check the log files. I will only list the fixed_rate_scheduler log as an example.

Fixed_Rate_scheduler log

2019-01-23 14:12:38,601 1666 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  started.
2019-01-23 14:12:38,602 1667 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] ERROR j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException - Caught ExceptionOpps! unexpected Error!
2019-01-23 14:12:38,602 1667 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  completed with status=false
2019-01-23 14:12:53,603 16668 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  started.
2019-01-23 14:12:53,604 16669 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] ERROR j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException - Caught ExceptionOpps! unexpected Error!
2019-01-23 14:12:53,604 16669 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  completed with status=false
2019-01-23 14:13:08,632 31697 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  started.
2019-01-23 14:13:08,632 31697 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] ERROR j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException - Caught ExceptionOpps! unexpected Error!
2019-01-23 14:13:08,632 31697 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  completed with status=false
2019-01-23 14:13:23,629 46694 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  started.
2019-01-23 14:13:23,629 46694 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] ERROR j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException - Caught ExceptionOpps! unexpected Error!
2019-01-23 14:13:23,629 46694 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  completed with status=false
2019-01-23 14:13:38,637 61702 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  started.
2019-01-23 14:13:38,640 61705 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] ERROR j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException - Caught ExceptionOpps! unexpected Error!
2019-01-23 14:13:38,640 61705 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  completed with status=false
2019-01-23 14:13:53,640 76705 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  started.
2019-01-23 14:13:53,640 76705 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] ERROR j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException - Caught ExceptionOpps! unexpected Error!
2019-01-23 14:13:53,640 76705 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  completed with status=false
2019-01-23 14:14:08,642 91707 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  started.
2019-01-23 14:14:08,642 91707 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] ERROR j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException - Caught ExceptionOpps! unexpected Error!
2019-01-23 14:14:08,642 91707 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  completed with status=false
2019-01-23 14:14:23,636 106701 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  started.
2019-01-23 14:14:23,636 106701 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] ERROR j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException - Caught ExceptionOpps! unexpected Error!
2019-01-23 14:14:23,636 106701 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  completed with status=false
2019-01-23 14:14:38,643 121708 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  started.
2019-01-23 14:14:38,643 121708 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] ERROR j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException - Caught ExceptionOpps! unexpected Error!
2019-01-23 14:14:38,643 121708 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  completed with status=false
2019-01-23 14:14:53,607 136672 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-1] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  started.
2019-01-23 14:16:23,616 226681 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-1] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  completed with status=true
2019-01-23 14:16:23,616 226681 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-1] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  started.
2019-01-23 14:17:53,654 316719 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-1] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  completed with status=true
2019-01-23 14:17:53,654 316719 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-1] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  started.
2019-01-23 19:12:37,885 1673 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  started.
2019-01-23 19:12:37,885 1673 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] ERROR j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException - Caught ExceptionOpps! unexpected Error!
2019-01-23 19:12:37,886 1674 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-2] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  completed with status=false
2019-01-23 19:12:52,886 16674 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-4] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  started.
2019-01-23 19:14:22,890 106678 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-4] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  completed with status=true
2019-01-23 19:14:22,890 106678 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-4] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  started.
2019-01-23 19:15:52,894 196682 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-4] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  completed with status=true
2019-01-23 19:15:52,894 196682 [Spring-scheduler-task-pool-4] INFO  j.z.d.s.s.s.FixedRateScheduler_HandleException -  started.

6. Spring @Scheduled vs Quartz Scheduler – Summary

There are three things we must do to use Quartz scheduler:

• Create a task class which implements the org.quartz.Job interface
• Create a trigger with SimpleScheduleBuilder, CronScheduleBuilder,etc
• Create a quartz scheduler instance from the Quartz factory class and schedule a job with a corresponding trigger.

There are only two things we must do to use Spring scheduler:

• Add @EnableScheduling annotation on a class with @Configuration annotation
• Add @Scheduled annotation for the scheduled method.

Spring scheduling annotations make Spring scheduler easier to use.

7. Download the Source Code

This example builds two java scheduler applications: one utilizes Quartz and the other uses spring built-in scheduler library.

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