We created this Javascript cheat sheet to help our community save time. It helps programmers with shortcuts, tips, and tricks. Whenever you have a quick question, just reference our JS cheat sheet. We break down Javascript functions, methods, qualifiers, and other valuable information for quick access.
What is Javascript?
Javascript is a client-side scripting language supported by browsers. Usually, JavaScript functions are involved when a client does an action, for example, submitting a form, hovering the mouse, scroll, etc. Web pages are more lively, dynamic, and interactive due to the presence of JS code. You can use this cheat sheet for work or to build your own Javascript projects .
Download JavaScript Cheat Sheet
Here you can go with the quick guide or JS cheat sheet which will help you to know more about shortcuts and tricks:
To include javascript code on a page, the syntax is –
<script type = “text/javascript”> // all the code </script>
To create separate file, use extension .js and include the file on the page as –
<script src="myjsfile.js"></script>
Comments Single-line Multiple-line
There are two types of comments: // this is a single line comment /* this is a multiple line comment when you have to write a lot of things */
Variables – values that hold data to perform calculations or other operations
var – most widely used. can be accessed within the function where declared. can be reassigned.
const – constant value i.e. cannot be reassigned
let – can be used only within the block its declared, can be reassigned
Data types
Can be of different types –
Number, eg. var id = 20
Unassigned variable, eg. var x
String, eg. var company = “hackr”
Boolean, eg. var windowopen = true
Constants. eg. const counter = 1
Operations, eg. var sum = 20 + 20
Objects, eg. var student =
Objects
Contains single object of various data types – Eg, var student = ;
Arrays
Arrays group similar kinds of data together. Eg, var subjectlist = [“math”, “science”, “history”, “computer”]; Arrays can perform the following functions:
Functions
Description
concat()
Concatenate different arrays into one.
join()
Joins all the elements of one array as a string
indexof()
Returns the index (first position) of an element in the array
lastindexof()
Returns the last position of an element in the array
sort()
Alphabetic sort of array elements
reverse()
Sort elements in descending order
valueof()
Primitive value of the element specified
slice()
Cut a portion of one array and put it in a new array
splice()
Add elements to an array in a specific manner and position
unshift()
Add new element to the array in the beginning
shift()
Remove first element of the array
pop()
Remove the last element of the array
push()
Add new element to the array as the last one
tostring()
Prints the string value of the elements of the array
Operators
Basic
Addition (+)
Subtraction (-)
Multiply (*)
Divide (/)
Remainder (%)
Increment (++)
Decrement (--)
Execute brackets first (…)
Logical
Comparison
Equal to (==)
Equal value and type (===)
Not equal (!=)
Not equal value or type (!==)
Greater than (>)
Less than (<)
Greater than or equal to (>=)
Less than or equal to (<=)
Ternary operator (?)
Bitwise
AND (&)
OR (|)
NOT (~)
XOR (^)
Left shift (<<)
Right shift (>>)
Zero fill right shift (>>>)
Function
As mentioned in the Hackr communities' favorite Javascript courses , a group of tasks can be performed in a single function. Eg,
function add(a, b){// code}
Outputting the Data
alert()
Show some output in a small pop up window (alert box)
document.write()
Write output to the html document
console.log()
Mainly used for debugging, write output on the browser console
prompt()
Prompt for user input using dialog box
confirm()
Open dialog with yes/no and return true/false based on user click
Global Functions
encodeURI()
Encodes a URI into UTF-8
var uri = “hackr.io/blog”; var enc = encodeURI(uri);
encodeURIComponent()
Encoding for URI components
var uri = “hackr.io/blog”; var enccomp = encodeURIComponent(uri);
decodeURI()
Decodes a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) created by encodeURI or similar
var dec = decodeURI(enc);
decodeURIComponent()
Decodes a URI component
var decomp = decodeURIComponent(enccomp);
parseInt()
Parses the input returns an integer
var a = parseInt(“2003 monday”);
parseFloat()
Parses the input and returns a floating-point number
var b = parseFloat(“23.333”);
eval()
Evaluates JavaScript code represented as a string
var x = eval(“2 * 2”);
Number()
Returns a number converted from its initial value
var y = new Date(); var z = Number(y);
isNaN()
Determines whether a value is NaN or not
isNan(25);
isFinite()
Determines whether a passed value is a finite number
isFinite(-245);
Recommended JavaScript Course
The Complete JavaScript Course 2024: From Zero to Expert!
Loops
for
looping in javascript
var i; for (i = 0; i < 5; i++ { // code}
while
execute a block of code while some condition is true
while (product.length > 5) {// some code}
do… while
similar to while, but executes at least as the condition is applied after the code is executed
do { // code }while (condition){ }
break
break and exit the cycle based on some conditions
if (i <10) break;
continue
continue next iteration if some conditions are met
if (j>10) continue;
if-else statements
if-else lets you set various conditions –
if (condition 1) { //execute this code } else if (condition 2) { // execute new code } else { // execute if no other condition is true }
String Methods
Method
Meaning
Example
length
determines length of string
var a = “hackr.io”; a.length;
indexof()
finds position of the first occurrence of a character or text in the string
var a = “hackr.io is nice website”; var b = a.indexof(“nice”);
lastindexof()
returns last occurrence of text in a string
var a = “hackr.io is nice website”; var b = a.indexof(“nice”, 6);
search()
searches and returns position of a specified value in string
var a = “hackr.io is nice website”; var b = a.search(“nice”);
slice()
extracts and returns part of a string as another new string
var a = “hackr.io is nice website”; var b = a.slice(13); will return nice website.
substring()
substring returns part of the string from start index to the end index specified. cannot take negative values unlike slice()
var a = “hackr.io is nice website”; var b = a.substring(0, 7);
substr()
returns the sliced out portion of a string, the second parameter being the length of the final string.
var a = “hackr.io is nice website”; var b = a.substr(13, 8);
replace()
replaces a particular value with another
var a = “hackr.io is nice website”; var b = a.replace(“nice”, “good”);
touppercase()
changes all characters into uppercase
var a = “hackr.io is nice website”; var b = a.touppercase (a);
tolowercase()
changes all characters into lowercase
var a = “hackr.io is nice website”; var b = a.tolowercase(a);
concat()
joins two or more strings together into another string
var a = “my name is”; var b = “john”; var c = a.concat(“: ”, b);
trim()
removes white spaces from a string
var a = “ hi, there! ”; a.trim();
charat()
finds character at a specified position
var a = “hackr.io”;
a.charat(1) will return a
charcodeat()
returns the unicode of character at the specified position
“hackr”.charcodeat(0);
will return 72
split()
convert a string into array based on special character
var a = “hackr.io”; var arr = a.split(“”);
will return an array of characters h,a,c,k,r and so on..
accessing characters using []
access a character of string using its index (doesn’t work on some versions of ie)
var a = “hackr.io”; a[2] will return c
Escape characters
\'
Single quote
\"
Double quote
\\
Single backslash
\b
Backspace
\f
Form feed
\n
New line
\t
Horizontal tab
\v
Vertical tab
\r
Carriage return
Regular Expressions
Regular expressions can be in the form of pattern modifiers, metacharacters, quantifiers and brackets. Pattern modifiers
e
evaluate replacement
i
case-insensitive matching
g
global matching – find all matches
m
multiple line matching
s
treat strings as a single line
x
allow comments and whitespace in the pattern
u
ungreedy pattern
Brackets
[abc]
Find any of the characters between the brackets
[^abc]
Find any character which are not in the brackets
[0-9]
Used to find any digit from 0 to 9
[A-z]
Find any character from uppercase A to lowercase z
(a|b|c)
Find any of the alternatives separated with |
.
Find a single character, except newline or line terminator
\w
Word character
\W
Non-word character
\d
A digit
\D
A non-digit character
\s
Whitespace character
\S
Non-whitespace character
\b
Find a match at the beginning/end of a word
\B
A match not at the beginning/end of a word
\0
NULL character
\n
A new line character
\f
Form feed character
\r
Carriage return character
\t
Tab character
\v
Vertical tab character
\xxx
The character specified by an octal number xxx
\xdd
Character specified by a hexadecimal number dd
\uxxxx
The Unicode character specified by a hexadecimal number xxxx
Quantifiers
n+
Matches string that contains at least one ‘n’
n*
Any string containing zero or more occurrences of n
n?
A string that has no or one occurrence of n
n
String that contains a sequence of X n’s
n
Strings that contain a sequence of X to Y n’s
n
Matches string that has a sequence of at least X n’s
n$
Any string with n at the end of it
^n
String with n at the beginning of it
?=n
Any string that is followed by the string n
?!n
String that is not followed by the string n
Numbers
Number properties
MAX_VALUE
The maximum numeric value that can be represented in JavaScript
MIN_VALUE
Smallest positive numeric value possible in JavaScript
NaN
Not-a-Number
NEGATIVE_INFINITY
The negative Infinity value
POSITIVE_INFINITY
Positive Infinity value
Number methods
Method
Meaning
Example
toExponential()
Returns the string with a number rounded to and written in exponential form
var a = 3.1417; a.toExponential(2); will give 3.14e+0
toFixed()
Returns the string of a number with specific number of decimals
var a = 3.1417; a.toFixed(2); will return 3.14
toPrecision()
Returns string to the precision of the specified decimal
var a = 3.46; a.to{recision(2); returns 3.5
valueOf()
Converts number object to primitive type
var x = 23; x.valueOf();
Math properties
E
Euler’s number
LN2
The natural logarithm with base 2
LN10
Natural logarithm with base 10
LOG2E
Base 2 logarithm of E
LOG10E
Base 10 logarithm of E
PI
The number PI (3.14…)
SQRT1_2
Square root of 1/2
SQRT2
Square root of 2
Math methods
All angle values are in radian
abs(x)
Returns the absolute (positive) value of x
acos(x)
The arccosine of x
asin(x)
Arcsine of x
atan(x)
The arctangent of x (numeric)
atan2(y,x)
Arctangent of the quotient of its arguments
sin(x)
The sine of x
cos(x)
The cosine of x
tan(x)
The tangent of an angle
exp(x)
Value of Ex
ceil(x)
Value of x rounded up to its nearest integer
floor(x)
The value of x rounded down to its nearest integer
log(x)
The natural logarithm (base E) of x
max(x,y,z,...,n)
Returns the number with the highest value
min(x,y,z,...,n)
Same for the number with the lowest value
pow(x,y)
X to the power of y
round(x)
The value of x rounded to its nearest integer
sqrt(x)
Square root of x
random()
Returns a random number between 0 and 1
Dates
Date()
Creates a new date object with current date and time
Date(2019, 10, 21, 12, 24, 58, 13)
Create a custom date object. Format – (yyyy, mm, dd, hh, min, s, ms). Except for year and month, all parameters are optional.
Date("2019-10-21")
Date declaration as a string
getDate()
Get the day of the month as a number (1-31)
getDay()
The weekday as a number (0-6)
getFullYear()
Year as a four-digit number (yyyy)
getHours()
Get the hour (0-23)
getMilliseconds()
Get the millisecond (0-999)
getMinutes()
Get the minute (0-59)
getMonth()
Month as a number (0-11)
getSeconds()
Get the second (0-59)
getTime()
Get the milliseconds since January 1, 1970
getUTCDate()
The day (date) of the month in the specified date according to universal time (also available for day, month, full year, hours, minutes etc.)
parse
Parses a string representation of a date and returns the number
setDate()
Set the day as a number (1-31)
setFullYear()
Sets the year (optionally month and day)
setHours()
Set the hour (0-23)
setMilliseconds()
Set milliseconds (0-999)
setMinutes()
Sets the minutes (0-59)
setMonth()
Set the month (0-11)
setSeconds()
Sets the seconds (0-59)
setTime()
Set the time (milliseconds since January 1, 1970)
setUTCDate()
Sets the day of the month for a specified date according to universal time (also available for day, month, full year, hours, minutes etc.)
DOM mode
DOM (D ocument O bject M odel) is the code of the page structure. HTML elements (called as nodes) can be easily manipulated using JavaScript.
Node properties
attributes
Returns all attributes registered to an element
baseURI
Provides the absolute base URL of an HTML element
nodeName
the name of a node
nodeType
type of a node
nodeValue
sets or gets value of a node
parentNode
parent node of an element
childNodes
all child nodes of an element
firstChild
first child node of an element
lastChild
last child node of an element
ownerDocument
top-level document object for this (current) node
previousSibling
node immediately preceding the current one
nextSibling
next node in the same node tree level
textContent
Sets or returns the textual content of a node and its descendants
Node methods
cloneNode()
Clones an HTML element
compareDocumentPosition()
Compares the document position of two elements
isDefaultNamespace()
Returns true if the specified namespaceURI is the default
lookupNamespaceURI()
Returns the namespace URI associated with the given node
getFeature()
Returns an object which implements the APIs of a specified feature
isSupported()
Returns true if a specified feature is supported on the element
hasAttributes()
Returns true if an element has any attributes
insertBefore()
Inserts a new child node before a specified, existing child node
isEqualNode()
Checks if two elements are equal
isSameNode()
Checks if two elements are the same node
hasChildNodes()
Returns true if an element has any child nodes
lookupPrefix()
Returns a DOMString containing the prefix for a given namespace URI, if present
normalize()
Joins adjacent text nodes and removes empty text nodes in an element
removeChild()
Removes a child node from an element
replaceChild()
Replaces a child node in an element
appendChild()
Adds a new child node to an element as the last child node
Element methods
getAttribute()
Returns the specified attribute value of an element node
getAttributeNS()
Returns string value of the attribute with the specified namespace and name
getAttributeNode()
Gets the specified attribute node
getAttributeNodeNS()
Returns the node for the attribute with the given namespace and name
getElementsByTagName()
Provides a collection of all child elements within the specified tag name
getElementsByTagNameNS()
Returns HTML elements with particular tag name with the given namespace
hasAttribute()
Returns true if an element has any attributes, otherwise false
hasAttributeNS()
Provides a true/false value indicating whether the current element in a given namespace has the specified attribute
setAttribute()
Sets or changes the specified attribute to the specified value
setAttributeNS()
Adds a new attribute or changes the value of an existing attribute with the given namespace and name
setAttributeNode()
Sets or modifies the specified attribute node
setAttributeNodeNS()
Adds a new name spaced attribute node to an element
removeAttribute()
Removes a specified attribute from an element
removeAttributeNS()
Removes and returns the specified attribute node within a certain namespace
removeAttributeNode()
Removes and returns the specified attribute node
Browser actions
Window properties
closed
Checks if a window has been closed
defaultStatus
Sets or gets the default text in the windows status bar
self
the current window
top
topmost browser window
parent
parent window of the current window
document
Returns the window document object
frames
Returns all <iframe> elements in the current window
history
History object for the window
innerHeight
The inner height of window’s content area
innerWidth
The inner width of content area
length
number of <iframe> elements in the window
location
location object for the window
name
Sets or gets the window name
navigator
Returns the Navigator object for the window
opener
reference to the window that created the window
outerHeight
outer height of a window, including toolbars/scrollbars
outerWidth
outer width of a window, including toolbars/scrollbars
pageXOffset
Number of pixels the current document has been scrolled horizontally
pageYOffset
Number of pixels the current document has been scrolled vertically
screen
Returns the Screen object for the window
screenLeft
The horizontal coordinate of the window
screenTop
The vertical coordinate of the window
screenX
Same function as screenLeft (for some browsers)
screenY
Same function as screenTop (for some browsers)
status
Sets or gets the text in the status bar of a window
Window methods
alert()
Displays an alert box with a message and an OK button
blur()
Removes focus from the current window
clearTimeout()
Clears a timer set with setTimeout()
clearInterval()
Clears a timer set with setInterval()
close()
Closes the current window
open()
Opens a new browser window
stop()
Stops the window from loading
confirm()
Displays a dialogue box with a message and an OK and Cancel button
focus()
Sets focus to the current window
moveBy()
Moves a window relative to its current position
moveTo()
Moves a window to a specified position
print()
Prints the content of the current window
prompt()
Displays a dialogue box that prompts the visitor for input
resizeBy()
Resizes the window by the specified number of pixels
resizeTo()
Resizes the window to a specified width and height
scrollBy()
Scrolls the document by a specified number of pixels
scrollTo()
Scrolls the document to specified coordinates
setInterval()
Calls a function or evaluates an expression at specified intervals
setTimeout()
Calls a function or evaluates an expression after a specified interval
Screen properties
availHeight
Returns the height of the screen (excluding the Windows Taskbar)
availWidth
Returns the width of the screen (excluding the Windows Taskbar)
colorDepth
Returns the bit depth of the color palette for displaying images
height
The total height of the screen
pixelDepth
The color resolution of the screen in bits per pixel
width
The total width of the screen
User Events
1. Mouse
onclick
event that happens when user clicks on an element
onmouseover
when the mouse is moved over some element or its children
onmouseout
User moves the mouse pointer out of an element or one of its children
onmouseup
when user releases a mouse button while over an element
onmousedown
when user presses a mouse button over an element
onmouseenter
pointer moves onto an element
onmouseleave
Pointer moves out of an element
onmousemove
pointer is moving when it is over an element
oncontextmenu
User right-clicks on an element to open a context menu
ondblclick
The user double-clicks on an element
2. Keyboard
onkeydown
When the user is pressing a key down
onkeypress
The moment the user starts pressing a key
onkeyup
The user releases a key
3. Frame
onabort
The loading of a media is aborted
onbeforeunload
Event that occurs before a document is to be unloaded
onunload
Event occurs when a page has unloaded
onerror
When an error occurs while loading an external file
onhashchange
There have been changes to the anchor part of a URL
onload
When an object has loaded
onpagehide
The user navigates away from a webpage
onpageshow
the user navigates to a webpage
onresize
The document view is resized
onscroll
An element’s scrollbar is being scrolled
onblur
When an element loses focus
onchange
when content of a form element like <input>, <select> and <textarea> changes
onfocus
An element gets focus
onfocusin
When an element is about to get focus
onfocusout
When element is about to lose focus
oninput
User input on an element
oninvalid
An element is invalid
onreset
form reset
onsearch
The user writes something in the input type search
onselect
The user selects some text (<input> and <textarea>)
onsubmit
event that happens upon submitting the form
5. Drag
ondrag
An element is dragged
ondrop
Dragged element is dropped on the drop target
ondragstart
User starts to drag an element
ondragend
The user has finished dragging the element
ondragenter
The dragged element enters a drop target
ondragleave
A dragged element leaves the drop target
ondragover
The dragged element is on top of the drop target
6. Clipboard
oncut
event that happens when user cuts content of an element
oncopy
event that happens when user copies content of an element
onpaste
event that happens when user pastes content of an element
onabort
Media loading is aborted
onended
The media ended
onerror
Happens when an error occurs while loading an external file
oncanplay
The browser can start playing media
oncanplaythrough
The browser can play through media without stopping
ondurationchange
change in the duration of the media
onloadeddata
Media data loaded
onloadedmetadata
Metadata (e.g. dimensions, duration) are loaded
onloadstart
The browser starts looking for specified media
onpause
Media is paused either by the user or automatically
onplay
The media started to play or is no longer paused
onplaying
Media is playing after being paused or stopped for buffering
onprogress
The browser is in the process of downloading the media
onratechange
The playing speed of the media changes
onseeked
User is finished moving/skipping to a new position in the media
onseeking
The user starts moving/skipping
onstalled
The browser is trying to load the media but it is unavailable
onwaiting
Media paused but expected to resume (like in buffering)
onsuspend
The browser is intentionally not loading media
ontimeupdate
The playing position has changed (like in case of fast forward)
onvolumechange
Media volume has increased or reduced
8. Animation
animationstart
CSS animation started
animationend
CSS animation ended
animationiteration
CSS animation plays over
9. Other
transitionend
event triggered when a CSS transition has completed
onmessage
A message is received through the event source
ononline
The browser starts to work online
onoffline
The browser starts to work offline
ontoggle
The user opens or closes the <details> element
onpopstate
When the window’s history changes
onshow
A <menu> element is shown as a context menu
onstorage
A Web Storage area is updated
onwheel
Mouse wheel rolls up or down over an element
ontouchstart
A finger is placed on the touch-screen
ontouchend
User’s finger is removed from a touch-screen
ontouchcancel
Screen-touch is interrupted
ontouchmove
User finger is dragged across the screen
10. Errors
try
block of code to execute in case of no errors
catch
block of code to execute in case of an error
throw
Create custom error messages rather than standard JavaScript errors
finally
block that is always executed whether there is error in execution or not
Error-values
Each error has a name and message property that define it.
name: Sets or gets the error name
message: Sets or gets error in an understandable string format
EvalError
error occurred in the eval() function
RangeError
number out of range
ReferenceError
illegal reference occurred
SyntaxError
syntax error
TypeError
type error
URIError
encodeURI() error
Download Javascript Cheat Sheet
Conclusion
This cheat sheet has all the functions of javascript. We have provided examples and descriptions where necessary. For more detailed information, check out these popular Javascript books . Most functions are self-explanatory, however, feel free to comment and let us know if you have any doubts or questions. We love this Javascript cheat sheet!
Happy scripting!
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