Ruby Static Members

In Programming, static keywords are primarily used for memory management. The static keyword is used to share the same method or variable of a class across the objects of that class. There are various members of a class in Ruby. Once an object is created in Ruby, the methods and variables for that object are within the object of that class. Methods may be public, private, or protected, but there is no concept of a static method or variable in Ruby. Ruby doesn’t have a static keyword that denotes that a particular method belongs to the class level. However static variable can be implemented in ruby using class variable and a static method can be implemented in ruby using a class variable in one of the methods of that class. In Ruby, there are two implementations for the static keyword: Static Variable: A Class can have variables that are common to all instances of the class. Such variables are called static variables. A static variable is implemented in ruby using a class variable. When a variable is declared as static, space for it gets allocated for the lifetime of the program. The name of the class variable always begins with the @@ symbol. 

Example : 

# Ruby program to demonstrate Static Variable
 
class Geeks

    # class variable
    @@geek_count = 0

    def initialize
        @@geek_count += 1
        puts "Number of Geeks = #{@@geek_count}"
    end
end

# creating objects of class Geeks 
g1 = Geeks.new
g2 = Geeks.new
g3 = Geeks.new
g4 = Geeks.new

Output:

Number of Geeks = 1
Number of Geeks = 2
Number of Geeks = 3
Number of Geeks = 4

In the above program, the Geeks class has a class variable geek_count. This geek_count variable can be shared among all the objects of class Geeks. the static variables are shared by the objects Static Method: A Class can have a method that is common to all instances of the class. Such methods are called static methods.Static methods can be implemented in ruby using class variables in the methods of that class. Example : 

# Ruby program to demonstrate Static Method

class Geeks
    
    #class method
    @@geek_count = 0

    # defining instance method 
    def incrementGeek
        @@geek_count += 1
    end
    # defining class method
    def self.getCount
        return @@geek_count
    end
end

# creating objects of class Geeks
g1 = Geeks.new
# calling instance method
g1.incrementGeek()

g2 = Geeks.new
# calling instance method
g2.incrementGeek()

g3 = Geeks.new
# calling instance method
g3.incrementGeek()

g4 = Geeks.new
# calling instance method
g4.incrementGeek()

# calling class method
puts "Total Number of Geeks = #{Geeks.getCount()}"

Output:

Total Number of Geeks = 4

In the above program, incrementGeek() the getCount() method is the static (class) method of the class Geeks which can be shared among all the objects of class Geeks. Static member functions are allowed to access only the static data members or other static member functions, they can not access the non-static data members or member functions.