Here is the first line of the Lord’s Prayer through time, from Proto-Indo-European to Modern English:
- 3000 BC: *ph₂tḗr nōs yo h₁ésmi n̥ dyḗw (Proto-Indo-European)
- 2500 BC: *phātēr nōs yo esti en dyēw
- 2000 BC: *fadēr unsar sa is in himiną (Proto-Germanic)
- 1500 BC: *faþēr unsar sa ist in himinō
- 1000 BC: *fader unsēr sa is in himin (North-West Germanic)
- 500 BC: fader unsēr sa is in himin
- 1 AD: fader unsēr sa is in himin
- 500 AD: fæder ūre se is on heofonum (Old English)
- 1000 AD: Fæder ūre, þū þe eart on heofonum (Old English, West Saxon)
- 1500 AD: Oure fadir that art in heuen (Middle English)
- 2000 AD: Our Father who is in heaven (Modern English)
Pronunciation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA):
- 3000 BC: /pʰaˈtɛːr noːs jo ˈhɛs.mi n̩ ˈdjeːw/
- 2500 BC: /ˈpʰaː.teːr noːs jo ˈes.ti en ˈdjeːw/
- 2000 BC: /ˈfa.dɛːr ˈun.sɑr sɑ is in ˈhi.mi.nɑ̃/
- 1500 BC: /ˈfa.θeːr ˈun.sɑr sɑ ist in ˈhi.mi.noː/
- 1000 BC: /ˈfa.ðer ˈun.seːr sɑ is in ˈhi.min/
- 500 BC: /ˈfa.ðer ˈun.seːr sɑ is in ˈhi.min/
- 1 AD: /ˈfa.ðer ˈun.seːr sɑ is in ˈhi.min/
- 500 AD: /ˈfæ.ðer ˈuː.re se is on ˈheo.vo.num/
- 1000 AD: /ˈfæ.ðer ˈuː.re θuː ðe æɑrt on ˈheo.vo.num/
- 1500 AD: /ˈuː.rə ˈfa.ðir θat art in ˈhɛ.vən/
- 2000 AD: /ˈaʊə ˈfɑːðə huː ɪz ɪn ˈhɛvən/ (RP)
Manuscripts: I did a separate post on that. It goes century by century but only goes back to 995 AD – just the last 1,000 years, not 5,000 years.
Notes:
- This is according to ChatGPT, which in my experience is only 80% right. So this is meant only to give you a rough idea. For entertainment purposes only!
- Dates are approximate.
- The * means it is a scholarly reconstruction of an unwritten language (a barbarian tongue).
- “Our father who art in heauen” is how it appeared in 1611 in the original edition of the King James Bible. In the 1800s, u and v became separate letters and Victorian religious sensibilities capitalized “Father”.
- The th sound in father goes back to at least 1500 BC, even when written with a d.
- The v sound in heaven goes back to 500 AD, even when spelled with an f or a u.
Remarks:
In 2500 BC you can see the beginnings of both “Jupiter” and “Pater Noster” (the Latin name for the prayer):
2500 BC: *phātēr nōs yo esti en dyēw
*phātēr nōs -> Pater Noster (= father our)
*dyēw + *phātēr -> Jupiter (= sky father)
The *dyēw (sky) also became Deus (the Latin word for God), Zeus (the Greek god), and the Tue in Tuesday.
By 2000 BC, Proto-Indo-European in Germany and Italy had become separate languages: Proto-Germanic and Proto-Italic. In time they would turn into Latin (by 700 BC in Rome) and English (by 500 AD in England), among other languages.
Far more profound than any of this is how the meanings of the words have changed. Both Proto-Indo-Europeans and Christians worshipped a sky father, called Jupiter by the Romans, Zeus pater by the Greeks, God the Father by Christians, and Abba by Jesus. But they were not the same god at all. No one “had a personal relationship with Zeus” unless they were a god or a demigod. He was cruel and distant, not a stern but loving father of mercy and forgiveness. Praying to Zeus was left to the professionals – priests.
– Abagond, 2025.
See also:
- The Lord’s Prayer in English through time – the last 1,000 years according to old Bibles
- human history: the last 6,000 years
- Proto-Indo-European
- Romance languages: a brief history – the last 3,000 years
- The British through time: the last 10,000 years – following the skulls, not the language
- White Americans: the last 15,000 years – following this same thread of language back through time
- God – the Abrahamic sort
- Zeus
- ChatGPT
- RP
- Authorized King James Version of the Bible (AV/KJV)
- brief history of: a paragraph, punctuation
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