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WEF Global Competitiveness Report

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The Global Competitiveness Report (GCR) was a yearly report published by the World Economic Forum. Between 2004 and 2020,[1] the Global Competitiveness Report ranked countries based on the Global Competitiveness Index,[2] developed by Xavier Sala-i-Martin and Elsa V. Artadi.[3] Before that, the macroeconomic ranks were based on Jeffrey Sachs's Growth Development Index and the microeconomic ranks were based on Michael Porter's Business Competitiveness Index. The Global Competitiveness Index integrates the macroeconomic and the micro/business aspects of competitiveness into a single index.

The report "assesses the ability of countries to provide high levels of prosperity to their citizens". This in turn depends on how productively a country uses available resources. Therefore, the Global Competitiveness Index measures the set of institutions, policies, and factors that set the sustainable current and medium-term levels of economic prosperity."[4][5] In 2020, the report was discontinued. In 2025, it was reported that WEF leader Klaus Schwab manipulated the report for political interests, intervening multiple times to alter or suppress unfavorable rankings from certain countries.

Description

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Since 2004, the report ranks the world's nations according to the Global Competitiveness Index,[3] based on the latest theoretical and empirical research.[6] It is made up of over 110 variables, of which two thirds come from the Executive Opinion Survey, and one third comes from publicly available sources such as the United Nations. The variables are organized into twelve pillars,[7] with each pillar representing an area considered as an important determinant of competitiveness.

One part of the report is the Executive Opinion Survey, which is a survey of a representative sample of business leaders in their respective countries. Respondent numbers have increased every year and is currently just over 13,500 in 142 countries (2010).[8]

The report notes that as a nation develops, wages tend to increase, and that in order to sustain this higher income, labor productivity must improve for the nation to be competitive. In addition, what creates productivity in Sweden is necessarily different from what drives it in Ghana. Thus, the GCI separates countries into three specific stages: factor-driven, efficiency-driven, and innovation-driven, each implying a growing degree of complexity in the operation of the economy.

The report has twelve pillars of competitiveness. These are:

  1. Institutions
  2. Appropriate infrastructure
  3. Stable macroeconomic framework
  4. Good health and primary education
  5. Higher education and training
  6. Efficient goods markets
  7. Efficient labor markets
  8. Developed financial markets
  9. Ability to harness existing technology
  10. Market size—both domestic and international
  11. Production of new and different goods using the most sophisticated production processes
  12. Innovation

In the factor-driven stage countries compete based on their factor endowments, primarily unskilled labor and natural resources. Companies compete on the basis of prices and sell basic products or commodities, with their low productivity reflected in low wages. To maintain competitiveness at this stage of development, competitiveness hinges mainly on well-functioning public and private institutions (pillar 1), appropriate infrastructure (pillar 2), a stable macroeconomic framework (pillar 3), and good health and primary education (pillar 4).

As wages rise with advancing development, countries move into the efficiency-driven stage of development, when they must begin to develop more efficient production processes and increase product quality. At this point, competitiveness becomes increasingly driven by higher education and training (pillar 5), efficient goods markets (pillar 6), efficient labor markets (pillar 7), developed financial markets (pillar 8), the ability to harness the benefits of existing technologies (pillar 9), and its market size, both domestic and international (pillar 10).

Finally, as countries move into the innovation-driven stage, they are only able to sustain higher wages and a higher standard of living if their businesses are able to compete by providing new or unique products. At this stage, companies must compete by producing new and different goods using the most sophisticated production processes (pillar 11) and through innovation (pillar 12).

Thus, the impact of each pillar on competitiveness varies across countries, in function of their stages of economic development. Therefore, in the calculation of the GCI, pillars are given different weights depending on the per capita income of the nation.[9] The weights used are the values that best explain growth in recent years[10] For example, the sophistication and innovation factors contribute 10% to the final score in factor and efficiency-driven economies, but 30% in innovation-driven economies. Intermediate values are used for economies in transition between stages.

The Global Competitiveness Index's annual reports are somewhat similar to the Ease of Doing Business Index and the Indices of Economic Freedom, which also look at factors affecting economic growth (but not as many as the Global Competitiveness Report). Data from the Global Competitiveness Index relating to the strength of auditing and reporting standards, institutions and judicial independence is used in the Basel AML Index, a money laundering risk assessment tool developed by the Basel Institute on Governance.

Limitations

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In spite of the World Economic Forum's Global Risks Report which is increasingly identifying environmental pressures as the dominant risks to humanity, none of the indicators used to determine this report's competitiveness ranking reflect any of the countries' environmental dimensions such as energy, water, climate risks, resource or food security, etc. The Global Competitiveness Report 2018[11] and 2019[12] used the ecological footprint as a context indicator, but the footprint was not included in the scoring algorithm that determines the ranking.

Manipulation

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In 2025, SonntagsZeitung reported that WEF leader Klaus Schwab manipulated the report for political interests, intervening multiple times to alter or suppress unfavorable rankings from countries in the Middle East and North Africa, as well as India.[13][14][15]

2019 rankings

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This is the full ranking of the 2019 report:[12]

Rank Country Score
Increase 1 Image Singapore 84.8
Decrease 2 Image United States 83.7
Increase 3 Image Hong Kong 83.1
Increase 4 Image Netherlands 82.4
Decrease 5 Image Switzerland 82.3
Decrease 6 Image Japan 82.3
Decrease 7 Image Germany 81.8
Increase 8 Image Sweden 81.2
Decrease 9 Image United Kingdom 81.2
Steady 10 Image Denmark 81.2
Steady 11 Image Finland 80.2
Increase 12 Image Taiwan 80.2
Increase 13 Image South Korea 79.6
Decrease 14 Image Canada 79.6
Increase 15 Image France 78.8
Decrease 16 Image Australia 78.7
Decrease 17 Image Norway 78.1
Increase 18 Image Luxembourg 77.0
Decrease 19 Image New Zealand 76.7
Steady 20 Image Israel 76.7
Increase 21 Image Austria 76.6
Decrease 22 Image Belgium 76.4
Increase 23 Image Spain 75.3
Decrease 24 Image Ireland 75.1
Increase 25 Image United Arab Emirates 75.0
Decrease 26 Image Iceland 74.7
Decrease 27 Image Malaysia 74.6
Steady 28 Image China 73.9
Increase 29 Image Qatar 72.9
Increase 30 Image Italy 71.5
Increase 31 Image Estonia 70.9
Decrease 32 Image Czech Republic 70.9
Steady 33 Image Chile 70.5
Steady 34 Image Portugal 70.4
Steady 35 Image Slovenia 70.2
Increase 36 Image Saudi Arabia 70.0
Steady 37 Image Poland 68.9
Decrease 38 Image Malta 68.5
Increase 39 Image Lithuania 68.4
Decrease 40 Image Thailand 68.1
Increase 41 Image Latvia 67.0
Decrease 42 Image Slovakia 66.8
Steady 43 Image Russia 66.7
Steady 44 Image Cyprus 66.4
Increase 45 Image Bahrain 65.4
Increase 46 Image Kuwait 65.1
Increase 47 Image Hungary 65.1
Decrease 48 Image Mexico 64.9
Increase 49 Image Bulgaria 64.9
Decrease 50 Image Indonesia 64.6
Increase 51 Image Romania 64.4
Decrease 52 Image Mauritius 64.3
Decrease 53 Image Oman 63.6
Decrease 54 Image Uruguay 63.5
Increase 55 Image Kazakhstan 62.9
Increase 56 Image Brunei 62.8
Increase 57 Image Colombia 62.7
Increase 58 Image Azerbaijan 62.7
Decrease 59 Image Greece 62.6
Decrease 60 Image South Africa 62.4
Steady 61 Image Turkey 62.1
Steady 62 Image Costa Rica 62.0
Increase 63 Image Croatia 61.9
Decrease 64 Image Philippines 61.9
Decrease 65 Image Peru 61.7
Decrease 66 Image Panama 61.6
Increase 67 Image Vietnam 61.5
Decrease 68 Image India 61.4
Increase 69 Image Armenia 61.3
Increase 70 Image Jordan 60.9
Increase 71 Image Brazil 60.9
Decrease 72 Image Serbia 60.9
Decrease 73 Image Montenegro 60.9
Decrease 74 Image Georgia 60.9
Steady 75 Image Morocco 60.0
Decrease 76 Image Seychelles 59.6
NEW 77 Image Barbados 58.9
Decrease 78 Image Dominican Republic 58.3
Decrease 79 Image Trinidad and Tobago 58.3
Decrease 80 Image Jamaica 58.3
Decrease 81 Image Albania 57.6
Increase 82 Image North Macedonia 57.3
Decrease 83 Image Argentina 57.2
Increase 84 Image Sri Lanka 57.1
Decrease 85 Image Ukraine 57.0
Increase 86 Image Moldova 56.7
Steady 87 Image Tunisia 56.4
Decrease 88 Image Lebanon 56.3
Increase 89 Image Algeria 56.3
Decrease 90 Image Ecuador 55.7
Decrease 91 Image Botswana 55.5
Decrease 92 Image Bosnia and Herzegovina 54.7
Increase 93 Image Egypt 54.5
Increase 94 Image Namibia 54.5
Decrease 95 Image Kenya 54.1
Increase 96 Image Kyrgyzstan 54.0
Decrease 97 Image Paraguay 53.6
Decrease 98 Image Guatemala 53.5
Decrease 99 Image Iran 53.0
Increase 100 Image Rwanda 52.8
Steady 101 Image Honduras 52.7
Decrease 102 Image Mongolia 52.6
Decrease 103 Image El Salvador 52.6
Decrease 104 Image Tajikistan 52.4
Decrease 105 Image Bangladesh 52.1
Increase 106 Image Cambodia 52.1
Decrease 107 Image Bolivia 51.8
Increase 108 Image Nepal 51.6
Decrease 109 Image Nicaragua 51.5
Decrease 110 Image Pakistan 51.4
Decrease 111 Image Ghana 51.2
Decrease 112 Image Cape Verde 50.8
Decrease 113 Image Laos 50.1
Decrease 114 Image Senegal 49.7
Increase 115 Image Uganda 48.9
Decrease 116 Image Nigeria 48.3
Decrease 117 Image Tanzania 48.2
Decrease 118 Image Ivory Coast 48.1
NEW 119 Image Gabon 47.5
Decrease 120 Image Zambia 46.5
Decrease 121 Image Eswatini 46.4
Increase 122 Image Guinea 46.1
Decrease 123 Image Cameroon 46.0
Decrease 124 Image Gambia 45.9
Decrease 125 Image Benin 45.8
Decrease 126 Image Ethiopia 44.4
Increase 127 Image Zimbabwe 44.2
Increase 128 Image Malawi 43.7
Decrease 129 Image Mali 43.6
Decrease 130 Image Burkina Faso 43.4
Decrease 131 Image Lesotho 42.9
NEW 132 Image Madagascar 42.9
Decrease 133 Image Venezuela 41.8
Decrease 134 Image Mauritania 40.9
Increase 135 Image Burundi 40.3
Increase 136 Image Angola 38.1
Decrease 137 Image Mozambique 38.1
Steady 138 Image Haiti 36.3
Decrease 139 Image Democratic Republic of the Congo 36.1
Decrease 140 Image Yemen 35.5
Decrease 141 Image Chad 35.1

2018 rankings

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This is the top 30 of the 2018 report:[11]

  1. Image United States 85.6 (+1)
  2. Image Singapore 83.5 (+1)
  3. Image Germany 82.8 (+2)
  4. Image  Switzerland 82.6 (−3)
  5. Image Japan 82.5 (+4)
  6. Image Netherlands 82.4 (−2)
  7. Image Hong Kong 82.3 (−1)
  8. Image United Kingdom 82 (—)
  9. Image Sweden 81.7 (−2)
  10. Image Denmark 80.6 (+2)
  11. Image Finland 80.3 (−1)
  12. Image Canada 79.9 (+2)
  13. Image Taiwan 79.3 (+2)
  14. Image Australia 78.9 (+7)
  15. Image South Korea 78.8 (+11)
  16. Image Norway 78.2 (−5)
  17. Image France 78 (+5)
  18. Image New Zealand 77.5 (−5)
  19. Image Luxembourg 76.6 (—)
  20. Image Israel 76.6 (−4)
  21. Image Belgium 76.6 (−1)
  22. Image Austria 76.3 (−4)
  23. Image Ireland 75.7 (+1)
  24. Image Iceland 74.5 (—)
  25. Image Malaysia 74.4 (−2)
  26. Image Spain 74.2 (+8)
  27. Image United Arab Emirates 73.4 (−10)
  28. Image China 72.6(−1)
  29. Image Czech Republic 71.2 (+2)
  30. Image Qatar 71 (−5)

2017–2018 rankings

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This is the top 30 of the 2017–2018 report:[16]

  1. Image  Switzerland 5.86 (—)
  2. Image United States 5.85 (+1)
  3. Image Singapore 5.71 (−1)
  4. Image Netherlands 5.66 (—)
  5. Image Germany 5.65 (—)
  6. Image Hong Kong 5.53 (+3)
  7. Image Sweden 5.52 (−1)
  8. Image United Kingdom 5.51 (−1)
  9. Image Japan 5.49 (−1)
  10. Image Finland 5.49 (—)
  11. Image Norway 5.40 (—)
  12. Image Denmark 5.39 (—)
  13. Image New Zealand 5.37 (—)
  14. Image Canada 5.35 (+1)
  15. Image Taiwan 5.33 (−1)
  16. Image Israel 5.31 (+8)
  17. Image United Arab Emirates 5.30 (−1)
  18. Image Austria 5.25 (+1)
  19. Image Luxembourg 5.23 (+1)
  20. Image Belgium 5.23 (−3)
  21. Image Australia 5.19 (+1)
  22. Image France 5.18 (−1)
  23. Image Malaysia 5.17 (+2)
  24. Image Ireland 5.16 (−1)
  25. Image Qatar 5.11 (−7)
  26. Image South Korea 5.07 (—)
  27. Image China 5.00 (+1)
  28. Image Iceland 4.99 (−1)
  29. Image Estonia 4.85 (+1)
  30. Image Saudi Arabia 4.83 (−1)

2016–2017 rankings

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This is the top 30 of the 2016–2017 report:[17]

  1. Image  Switzerland 5.81 (—)
  2. Image Singapore 5.72 (—)
  3. Image United States 5.7 (—)
  4. Image Netherlands 5.57 (+1)
  5. Image Germany 5.57 (−1)
  6. Image Sweden 5.53 (+3)
  7. Image United Kingdom 5.49 (+3)
  8. Image Japan 5.48 (−2)
  9. Image Hong Kong 5.48 (−2)
  10. Image Finland 5.44 (−2)
  11. Image Norway 5.44 (—)
  12. Image Denmark 5.35 (—)
  13. Image New Zealand 5.31 (+3)
  14. Image Taiwan 5.28 (+1)
  15. Image Canada 5.27 (−2)
  16. Image United Arab Emirates 5.26 (+1)
  17. Image Belgium 5.25 (+2)
  18. Image Qatar 5.23 (−4)
  19. Image Austria 5.22 (+4)
  20. Image Luxembourg 5.2 (—)
  21. Image France 5.2 (+1)
  22. Image Australia 5.19 (−1)
  23. Image Ireland 5.18 (+1)
  24. Image Israel 5.18 (+3)
  25. Image Malaysia 5.16 (−7)
  26. Image South Korea 5.03 (—)
  27. Image Iceland 4.96 (+2)
  28. Image China 4.95 (—)
  29. Image Saudi Arabia 4.84 (−4)
  30. Image Estonia 4.78 (—)

2015–2016 rankings

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This is the top 30 of the 2015–2016 report:[18]

  1. Image Switzerland 5.76 (—)
  2. Image Singapore 5.68 (—)
  3. Image United States 5.61 (—)
  4. Image Germany 5.53 (+1)
  5. Image Netherlands 5.50 (+3)
  6. Image Japan 5.47 (—)
  7. Image Hong Kong 5.46 (—)
  8. Image Finland 5.45 (−4)
  9. Image Sweden 5.43 (+1)
  10. Image United Kingdom 5.43 (−1)
  11. Image Norway 5.41 (—)
  12. Image Denmark 5.33 (+1)
  13. Image Canada 5.31 (+2)
  14. Image Qatar 5.30 (+2)
  15. Image Taiwan 5.28 (−1)
  16. Image New Zealand 5.25 (+1)
  17. Image United Arab Emirates 5.24 (−5)
  18. Image Malaysia 5.23 (+2)
  19. Image Belgium 5.20 (−1)
  20. Image Luxembourg 5.20 (−1)
  21. Image Australia 5.15 (+1)
  22. Image France 5.13 (+1)
  23. Image Austria 5.12 (−2)
  24. Image Ireland 5.11 (+1)
  25. Image Saudi Arabia 5.07 (−1)
  26. Image South Korea 4.98 (—)
  27. Image Israel 4.98 (—)
  28. Image China 4.89 (—)
  29. Image Iceland 4.83 (+1)
  30. Image Estonia 4.71 (−1)

2014–2015 rankings

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This is the top 30 of the 2014–2015 report:[2]

  1. Image Switzerland 5.80 (—)
  2. Image Singapore 5.65 (—)
  3. Image United States 5.54 (+2)
  4. Image Finland 5.50 (−1)
  5. Image Germany 5.49 (−1)
  6. Image Japan 5.47 (+3)
  7. Image Hong Kong 5.46 (—)
  8. Image Netherlands 5.45 (—)
  9. Image United Kingdom 5.41 (+1)
  10. Image Sweden 5.41 (−4)
  11. Image Norway 5.35 (—)
  12. Image United Arab Emirates 5.33 (+7)
  13. Image Denmark 5.29 (+2)
  14. Image Taiwan 5.25 (−2)
  15. Image Canada 5.24 (−1)
  16. Image Qatar 5.26 (−3)
  17. Image New Zealand 5.20 (+1)
  18. Image Belgium 5.18 (−1)
  19. Image Luxembourg 5.17 (+3)
  20. Image Malaysia 5.16 (+4)
  21. Image Austria 5.16 (−5)
  22. Image Australia 5.08 (−1)
  23. Image France 5.08 (—)
  24. Image Saudi Arabia 5.06 (−4)
  25. Image Ireland 4.98 (+3)
  26. Image South Korea 4.96 (−1)
  27. Image Israel 4.95 (—)
  28. Image China 4.89 (+1)
  29. Image Estonia 4.71 (+3)
  30. Image Iceland 4.71 (+1)

2013–2014 rankings

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This is the top 30 of the 2013–2014 report:[19]

  1. Image Switzerland 5.67 (—)
  2. Image Singapore 5.61 (—)
  3. Image United States 5.54 (—)
  4. Image Finland 5.51 (+2)
  5. Image Germany 5.48 (+2)
  6. Image Sweden 5.48 (−2)
  7. Image Hong Kong 5.47 (+2)
  8. Image Netherlands 5.42 (−3)
  9. Image Japan 5.40 (+1)
  10. Image United Kingdom 5.37 (−2)
  11. Image Norway 5.33 (+4)
  12. Image Taiwan 5.29 (+1)
  13. Image Qatar 5.24 (−2)
  14. Image Canada 5.20 (—)
  15. Image Denmark 5.18 (−3)
  16. Image Austria 5.15 (—)
  17. Image Belgium 5.13 (—)
  18. Image New Zealand 5.11 (+5)
  19. Image United Arab Emirates 5.11 (+5)
  20. Image Saudi Arabia 5.10 (−2)
  21. Image Australia 5.09 (−1)
  22. Image Luxembourg 5.09 (—)
  23. Image France 5.05 (−2)
  24. Image Malaysia 5.03 (+1)
  25. Image South Korea 5.01 (−6)
  26. Image Brunei 4.95 (+2)
  27. Image Israel 4.94 (−1)
  28. Image Ireland 4.92 (−1)
  29. Image China 4.84 (—)
  30. Image Puerto Rico 4.67 (+1)

2012–2013 rankings

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This is the top 30 of the 2012–2013 report:[20]

  1. Image Switzerland 5.72 (—)
  2. Image Singapore 5.67 (—)
  3. Image Finland 5.55 (+1)
  4. Image Sweden 5.53 (−1)
  5. Image Netherlands 5.50 (+2)
  6. Image Germany 5.48 (—)
  7. Image United States 5.47 (−2)
  8. Image United Kingdom 5.45 (+2)
  9. Image Hong Kong 5.41 (+2)
  10. Image Japan 5.40 (−1)
  11. Image Qatar 5.38 (+3)
  12. Image Denmark 5.29 (−4)
  13. Image Taiwan 5.28 (—)
  14. Image Canada 5.27 (−2)
  15. Image Norway 5.27 (+1)
  16. Image Austria 5.22 (+3)
  17. Image Belgium 5.21 (−2)
  18. Image Saudi Arabia 5.19 (+1)
  19. Image South Korea 5.12 (+5)
  20. Image Australia 5.12 (—)
  21. Image France 5.11 (−3)
  22. Image Luxembourg 5.09 (+1)
  23. Image New Zealand 5.09 (+2)
  24. Image United Arab Emirates 5.07 (+3)
  25. Image Malaysia 5.06 (−4)
  26. Image Israel 5.02 (−4)
  27. Image Ireland 4.91 (+2)
  28. Image Brunei 4.87 (—)
  29. Image China 4.83 (−3)
  30. Image Iceland 4.74 (—)

2011–2012 rankings

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This is the top 30 of the 2011–2012 report:[21][22]

  1. Image Switzerland 5.75 (—)
  2. Image Singapore 5.63 (+1)
  3. Image Sweden 5.61 (−1)
  4. Image Finland 5.47 (+3)
  5. Image United States 5.43 (−1)
  6. Image Germany 5.41 (−1)
  7. Image Netherlands 5.41 (+1)
  8. Image Denmark 5.40 (+1)
  9. Image Japan 5.40 (−3)
  10. Image United Kingdom 5.39 (+2)
  11. Image Hong Kong 5.36 (—)
  12. Image Canada 5.33 (−2)
  13. Image Taiwan 5.26 (—)
  14. Image Qatar 5.24 (+3)
  15. Image Belgium 5.20 (+4)
  16. Image Norway 5.18 (−2)
  17. Image Saudi Arabia 5.17 (+4)
  18. Image France 5.14 (−3)
  19. Image Austria 5.14 (−1)
  20. Image Australia 5.11 (−4)
  21. Image Malaysia 5.08 (+5)
  22. Image Israel 5.07 (+2)
  23. Image Luxembourg 5.03 (−3)
  24. Image South Korea 5.02 (−2)
  25. Image New Zealand 4.93 (−2)
  26. Image China 4.90 (+1)
  27. Image United Arab Emirates 4.89 (−2)
  28. Image Brunei 4.78 (—)
  29. Image Ireland 4.77 (—)
  30. Image Iceland 4.75 (+1)

2010–2011 rankings

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This is the top 30 of the 2010–2011 report:[23]

  1. Image Switzerland 5.63 (—)
  2. Image Sweden 5.56 (+2)
  3. Image Singapore 5.48 (—)
  4. Image United States 5.43 (–2)
  5. Image Germany 5.39 (+2)
  6. Image Japan 5.37 (+2)
  7. Image Finland 5.37 (–1)
  8. Image Netherlands 5.33 (+2)
  9. Image Denmark 5.32 (–4)
  10. Image Canada 5.30 (–1)
  11. Image Hong Kong 5.27 (—)
  12. Image United Kingdom 5.25 (+1)
  13. Image Taiwan 5.21 (–1)
  14. Image Norway 5.14 (—)
  15. Image France 5.13 (+1)
  16. Image Australia 5.11 (–1)
  17. Image Qatar 5.10 (—)
  18. Image Austria 5.09 (–1)
  19. Image Belgium 5.07 (–1)
  20. Image Luxembourg 5.05 (+1)
  21. Image Saudi Arabia 4.95 (+6)
  22. Image South Korea 4.93 (—)
  23. Image New Zealand 4.92 (–3)
  24. Image Israel 4.91 (+3)
  25. Image United Arab Emirates 4.89 (–2)
  26. Image Malaysia 4.88 (–2)
  27. Image China 4.84 (+2)
  28. Image Brunei 4.75 (+4)
  29. Image Ireland 4.74 (–4)
  30. Image Chile 4.69 (—)

2009–2010 rankings

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This is the top 30 of the 2009–2010 report:[24]

  1. Image Switzerland 5.60 (+1)
  2. Image United States 5.59 (–1)
  3. Image Singapore 5.55 (+2)
  4. Image Sweden 5.51 (—)
  5. Image Denmark 5.46 (–2)
  6. Image Finland 5.43 (—)
  7. Image Germany 5.37 (—)
  8. Image Japan 5.37 (+1)
  9. Image Canada 5.33 (+1)
  10. Image Netherlands 5.32 (–2)
  11. Image Hong Kong 5.22 (—)
  12. Image Taiwan 5.20 (+5)
  13. Image United Kingdom 5.19 (–1)
  14. Image Norway 5.17 (+1)
  15. Image Australia 5.15 (+3)
  16. Image France 5.13 (—)
  17. Image Austria 5.13 (–3)
  18. Image Belgium 5.09 (+1)
  19. Image South Korea 5.00 (–6)
  20. Image New Zealand 4.98 (+4)
  21. Image Luxembourg 4.96 (+4)
  22. Image Qatar 4.95 (+4)
  23. Image United Arab Emirates 4.92 (+8)
  24. Image Malaysia 4.87 (–3)
  25. Image Ireland 4.84 (–3)
  26. Image Iceland 4.80 (–6)
  27. Image Israel 4.80 (–4)
  28. Image Saudi Arabia 4.75 (–1)
  29. Image China 4.74 (+1)
  30. Image Chile 4.70 (+2)

2008–2009 rankings

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This is the top 30 of the 2008–2009 report:[25]

  1. Image United States 5.74
  2. Image Switzerland 5.61
  3. Image Denmark 5.58
  4. Image Sweden 5.53
  5. Image Singapore 5.53
  6. Image Finland 5.50
  7. Image Germany 5.46
  8. Image Netherlands 5.41
  9. Image Japan 5.38
  10. Image Canada 5.37
  11. Image Hong Kong 5.33
  12. Image United Kingdom 5.30
  13. Image South Korea 5.28
  14. Image Austria 5.23
  15. Image Norway 5.22
  16. Image France 5.22
  17. Image Taiwan 5.22
  18. Image Australia 5.20
  19. Image Belgium 5.14
  20. Image Iceland 5.05
  21. Image Malaysia 5.04
  22. Image Ireland 4.99
  23. Image Israel 4.97
  24. Image New Zealand 4.93
  25. Image Luxembourg 4.85
  26. Image Qatar 4.83
  27. Image Saudi Arabia 4.72
  28. Image Chile 4.72
  29. Image Spain 4.72
  30. Image China 4.70

One can find the computation and structure of the GCI pp. 49–50 of the Global Competitiveness Report 2013–2014, Full Data Edition.[19]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Global Competitiveness Report Special Edition 2020: How Countries are Performing on the Road to Recovery". Archived from the original on 2023-02-19. Retrieved 2023-02-19.
  2. ^ a b "Global Competitiveness Report 2014-2015 - Reports - World Economic Forum". Global Competitiveness Report 2014-2015. Archived from the original on 2014-09-16. Retrieved 2014-09-15.
  3. ^ a b "Sala-i-Martin, Xavier and Elsa V. Artadi, "The Global Competitiveness Index", Global Competitiveness Report, Global Economic Forum 2004
  4. ^ "Global Competitiveness Network: Frequently Asked Questions". Archived from the original on 2009-03-26. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
  5. ^ "Methodology". wef.ch. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
  6. ^ "Executive Summary" (PDF). World Economic Forum. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-10-27. Retrieved 2006-09-27.
  7. ^ See appendix in Page 47 of the 2011-12 report. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GCR_Report_2011-12.pdf Archived 2014-07-01 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ "World Economic Forum - FAQs". Archived from the original on 2009-03-26. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
  9. ^ "The Competitiveness Indexes" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-10-27. Retrieved 2006-09-28.
  10. ^ Snowdon, Brian. "The Enduring Elixir of Economic Growth" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-12-22. Retrieved 2024-02-08.
  11. ^ a b "The Global Competitiveness Report 2018" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-02-24. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
  12. ^ a b "The Global Competitiveness Report 2019" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on December 11, 2020. Retrieved Oct 21, 2022.
  13. ^ "WEF probe findings reportedly show Schwab manipulated competitiveness report to serve political interests". POLITICO. 2025-07-20. Retrieved 2025-07-23.
  14. ^ Makortoff, Kalyeena (2025-04-24). "WEF launches investigation into founder Klaus Schwab". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2025-07-23.
  15. ^ Ruehl, Mercedes (20 July 2025). "Klaus Schwab rejects misconduct probe findings as WEF dispute deepens". Financial Times. Retrieved 23 July 2025.
  16. ^ "Global Competitiveness Report 2017-2018" (PDF). World Economic Forum. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-09-20. Retrieved 2017-10-05.
  17. ^ "Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017" (PDF). World Economic Forum. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-01-22. Retrieved 2016-09-28.
  18. ^ "Global Competitiveness Report 2015-2016". wef.ch. Retrieved Oct 21, 2022.
  19. ^ a b "The Global Competitiveness Report 2013–2014" (PDF). Archived from the original on 2011-06-04. Retrieved 2024-02-08.
  20. ^ "The Global Competitiveness Report 2012–2013" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-06-10. Retrieved 2024-02-08.
  21. ^ "US Competitiveness Ranking Continues to Fall; Emerging Markets Are Closing the Gap | World Economic Forum - US Competitiveness Ranking Continues to Fall; Emerging Markets Are Closing the Gap". Weforum.org. 2011-09-07. Archived from the original on 2013-05-01. Retrieved 2013-04-29.
  22. ^ "World Economic Forum - Home" (PDF). www3.weforum.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 May 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
  23. ^ World Economic Forum. "Table 4: The Global Competitiveness Index 2010–2011 rankings and 2009–2010 comparisons" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-09-22. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
  24. ^ World Economic Forum. "Table 4: The Global Competitiveness Index 2009–2010 rankings and 2008–2009 comparisons" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-10-30. Retrieved 2009-09-09.
  25. ^ World Economic Forum. "The Global Competitiveness Index rankings and 2007–2008 comparisons" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-24. Retrieved 2009-09-10.
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