Mohsen Javdani has surveyed 2400 economists across 19 countries and finds that male and female econs see the economy differently:
My recent research contributes to broader efforts to understand how gender shapes the intellectual terrain of economics. Drawing on an original international survey of more than 2,400 economists across 19 countries, it systematically examines gender differences in views across a wide range of issues. The findings shed light on how gender diversity can translate into intellectual diversity within the discipline. Such insight is vital for building a pluralistic economics, one where diversity is not reduced to numbers but embraced as a way to broaden perspectives and challenge dominant frameworks and narratives. This need is especially urgent given long-standing critiques of mainstream economics as intellectually insular, methodologically rigid, and resistant to alternative perspectives.
The survey results show that women economists consistently expressed views that placed greater emphasis on equity, social justice, and structural critique than their male counterparts. They were more likely to support government intervention, acknowledge the harms of rising income inequality and corporate power, and recognize structural barriers to success. Women economists also appeared more inclined to question the core assumptions of mainstream economics and to endorse pluralistic approaches to economic inquiry. Across a set of 15 normative statements—many of which challenged neoclassical orthodoxy or highlighted issues of inequality—women economists reported substantially higher levels of agreement. These patterns reflect not only differences in policy preferences, but deeper divergences in how economic problems are understood and evaluated. Notably, the largest gender gap appeared on economics’ own “gender problem,” with women far more likely to affirm that “economics has made little progress in closing its gender gap” and that “the hurdles that women face in economics are very real.