Author Archives: suleckla

Mathematics and Art

The relationship between mathematics and art dates way back.  Art has been around for what seems like forever, and if you think about it, so has mathematics. So it only makes sense that ancient artists as well as more modern day artists would use math in their works. 

In the ancient Egyptians’ artwork, math was necessary in order to make pyramids possible. However, math is used in all forms of art, including architecture, paintings and sculptures as well. It is important for artists to understand certain details of math in order to make their final masterpiece ‘work.’ If a sculptor were to begin making a piece without understanding proportions, it would be likely that the sculpture may not balance, and it definitely would not be visually pleasing.

In painting, proportions are also important, and as the audience we tend to find things to look ‘strange’ if they are not depicted proportionately. Take, for example, a painting like “Madonna of the Long Neck,” by Parmagianino. Because the painter did not understand proportions, the painting looks distorted and visually unpleasing.

 

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Besides only proportions, mathematics can be used in various other ways in art. For example, symmetry is often found in paintings. Symmetry refers to “the correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of elements within the picture plane.” A work of art that is symmetrical appears balanced and neat, while one that does not contain symmetry can look heavier on one side than the other. Oftentimes, a work is perfectly symmetrical, making it more like a pattern than a picture. However, a painting can also be somewhat symmetrical, meaning that it is almost completely balanced although it does not show a mirror image on either side.

calcbloggg2Abstract art is a type of art requiring many math skills to make. Many of these works, such as optical illusions, require geometry as well as numerical patterns. Things we look at on a daily basis include math that we would never even realize.

Calculus in ‘Real Life’

                In high school, I loved math. I enjoyed everything I learned in all of my math courses over the four year period. I rarely had a hard time with the subject, and it seemed to come somewhat naturally to me. My senior year, I took Advanced Placement Statistics rather than Pre-Calculus, as I love the Stats teacher, and heard that it was a great class. I did well in the class, but the problems began after, when I went into college Math a semester or even a year behind most students in my Pre-Calculus class.

                Pre-Calculus and Calculus were difficult. Right from the beginning, I had a hard time on the exams, and found myself getting behind. It wasn’t that I disliked the material, or didn’t understand it, it was mostly that I could not get into it. For whatever reason, Calculus just bored me. I found it very difficult to do well in a course that I could not relate to in the slightest.  

                Derivatives were a huge part of Calculus, and for the most part, I could not do them at all. I would listen in class and feel that I understood, however when I went to do the homework later that night, it turned out that I had no clue what I was doing at all. And this became apparent on my tests and quizzes. I struggled to understand derivatives as we learned about them each and every day, adding more and more to the list of things I did not understand such as the chain rule, quotient rule, and product rule.

                Finally, in chapter 3, came the section where I could slightly relate. It went from being, in my mind, just a bunch of numbers and variables, to real life situations. Problems about a ladder leaning against a wall and bacteria multiplying showed me that these derivatives were not just math problems which I had no clue how to solve, but they could actually be put to use in the real world. All it took was this section of the book on applying the skills from prior lessons to get me ‘into’ Calculus.

                One of the first problems we did in our notes that dealt with applying these math skills to real life was :

“A ladder 10 feet long rests against a vertical wall. Suppose the bottom slides away from the wall at a rate of 1 ft./s. How fast is the angle between the ladder and the ground changing when the bottom of the ladder is 6 feet from the wall.”

                In this problem, we were to draw a triangle, label each side, and solve for dx/dt. In order to do so, it was necessary to implicitly differentiate with respect to ‘t’. This is where the derivatives and implicit differentiation came in. It was during this problem that I realized just what this kind of math was useful for.

calcUpon seeing a problem like this, it became clear to me that derivatives CAN in fact be useful for something other than Mr. Rohal’s exams. It was in about section 3.7 or 3.8 of the book that I actually began to understand Calculus.