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ELIZABETH DALY. Evidence of Things Seen (1943).

Suspects are few, but intrigue and complication are plentiful in this tight, slim package of a novel. (It weighs in at 166 pages in one modern paperback edition.) Most of the intrigue and much of the complication draws from the storytelling mode perfected by Mary Roberts Rinehart. Defining elements of that mode are all in place: a genteel setting with upper-middle-class protagonists, an old house with strange architectural details that lend themselves to strange goings-on, peculiar incidents that spook female residents of the house, an elaborately textured family backstory that features financial shenanigans and mysterious inheritances—and, finally, a resolution that expels presumed ghosts and dispels violent threats to orderly bourgeois life. In the early going, somewhat cloying traces of the “Had I But Known” tradition control the narrative. EvidenceThingsSeenClara Gamadge has rented a summer place in Connecticut. As she readies the house for guests, she and her housekeeper catch spectral glimpses of a woman on the edge of the property. The figure wears an old-fashioned purple dress and a matching bonnet, and Clara soon discovers eerily similar garments in the attic of the house. Those items had belonged to a woman who died a year ago, and in a baroque sequence of events that includes another ghost sighting and a horse-and-buggy accident, that woman’s sister falls victim to a murderer while the sister is under Clara’s watch. The narrative register then shifts with the arrival of Clara’s husband, Henry, who conducts an even-keeled investigation that effectively exorcises the book’s HIBK atmospherics.

Henry Gamadge, the competent and colorless hero of Daly’s string of 16 detective novels, has an identity that extends nary an inch beyond his ability to embody a certain class ideal. He’s a rare-book dealer of ample and independent means, and he operates with ease and detachment in any social environment where his detection happens to take him. Class differences and class resentments, in fact, exert a pivotal force in this sharply observed tale. (Relative honesty about the American social hierarchy tends to be a strength of the Rinehart school of fiction.) Another noteworthy aspect of the book is the war that, as of mid-1942—when the book was written and when it takes place—remained a matter of breaking news. To come to Clara’s aid, Henry must fly to Connecticut from overseas, where he was serving as an intelligence officer in an unspecified role. Disruptions caused by U.S. entry in the war also factor into the murder case that Henry must solve. Henry, following the classic formula, works from “things seen” to divine an unseen plot. The case ultimately hinges on a secret relationship between the killer and the victim, and Daly does a neat job of wrapping a veil around the small set of characters who could have pursued that sort of relationship to its homicidal conclusion.

Grade: B

Other notable reviews: Cross-Examining Crime, Kaggsy’s Bookish Ramblings, My Reader’s Block, StoryGraph

 
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Posted by on December 2, 2025 in American, Novel, Puzzle

 

RICHARD OSMAN. The Thursday Murder Club (2020).

They have lots of time on their hands, and lots of (more or less) relevant experience under their belt. They have friends and lovers and offspring and old work comrades whom they can tap for specialized information. They have keen wits that they’re eager not to lose, even as the shadow of potential dementia hovers over their graying heads. They are old dogs, but they aren’t averse to learning a new trick if the situation warrants it. They are the four members of the Thursday Murder Club, one of numerous associations that help residents of the Coopers Chase retirement community while away their small store of remaining days. Hitherto, the club has devoted its weekly sessions to exploring cold-case files in the confines of a drawing room at Coopers Chase, an elegant Victorian pile that was previously home to a convent. But then fate—mediated through the passions and ploys that animate social life in this part of exurban Kent—brings a couple of “hot” killings that spur club members to test their shoe-leather detecting skills.

Osman, with this début novel, helped launch a potent narrative trend: the tale of crime-solving codgers. The strength of the trend is evident in its migration to the acutely market-sensitive world of streaming television, with Only Murders in the Building and A Man on the Inside serving as signal examples. The flowering of this sub-genre is hardly a creative accident: Viewers and readers of mass entertainment are growing older, and for a great many of them, the mysteries of violent death offer a compelling diversion from the inevitabilities of ebbing life. The tendency of old folks to live in group settings where people know each other—yet also hide things from each other—further enhances the narrative formula.

ThursdayMurcerClubThe four aging bloodhounds who make up the eponymous club evoke the trope of a ragtag band of heroes, each with quirks and qualities that complement those of their comrades. The leader of the pack is Elizabeth, a no-nonsense professional whose pre-retirement profession looms as a thinly veiled secret. (She knows her way around a police report, and she demonstrates a keener knack for surveillance craft than a nice Englishwoman should have.) Ibrahim, quiet and prim, is a psychiatrist, with a room full of patient files that inform his encyclopedic understanding of mental dysfunction and human sorrow. Ron, Ibrahim’s temperamental opposite, was a rabble-rousing labor leader in his heyday; even in his declining years, he’s a man of urgent emotion and ready action. The club’s newest recruit is Joyce, a retired nurse whose warm, fluttery personality obscures her sharp medical acumen. Occasional excerpts from Joyce’s diary add color, and a few surprises, to the book’s tart, omniscient narrative.

The plot, sprawling and full of well-engineered twists, combines the timeless traditions of detective fiction with spicy, up-to-the-minute details. The pair of murders that set club members’ minds racing (and get their blood flowing) reflect the tawdry realities of how at least some British people live now. First a building contractor and reputed thug named Tony Curran is bludgeoned in his kitchen. Then a scruple-free property developer named Ian Ventham—to whom Curran had served as a fixer and factotum—is poisoned by a shot of fentanyl amid a scrum of protesters at Coopers Chase. Ventham, in particular, had been a juicy homicidal target. The owner of Coopers Chase, he had angered many locals with his disruptive plans for that property and for other patches of nearby land. Members of the murder club, working awkwardly with members of the local constabulary, turn up signs that the two killings might be linked together, along with signs that one or both killings might be linked to foul deeds in the past. As sleuths who are at once blessed and cursed with long memories, they appreciate how present-day perfidy might have its roots in a decades-old crime.

Like other detective novels published in recent decades, this one suffers from a case of bloat. In the current literary marketplace, it isn’t enough to turn out a smart puzzle; a crime novel must now be a novel, complete with comedy and pathos, romance and adventure, and so much else. Osman does an outstanding job of creating and coordinating such elements, and he manages the puzzle component ably as well. All the same, he doesn’t escape the pitfall of taking on too much and then delivering more than his story needs. A shorter, more focused tale might have left a deeper resonance.

Which isn’t to say that Osman fails to go deep. As the tale moves through its complex denouement, each member of the Thursday Murder Club will undergo a moment of loss or regret in connection with a loved one. Elizabeth has a husband who is losing the contours of his identity, while the contours of hers keep getting sharper; Ron has a son whose entanglement in the murders leaves him in an unsettled mood; and so forth. All four club members realize that solving a murder, or indeed more than one murder, does little to quiet the inner bell that tolls persistently for residents of a place like Coopers Chase. That said, the reverse is also true: A moment of loss does little to mar the triumph of cracking open a hard case. For members of this club, it’s an article of faith that a bout of detection can make you feel young again.

Grade: A-

 
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Posted by on November 24, 2025 in British, Novel, Puzzle

 

AGATHA CHRISTIE. The Seven Dials Mystery (1929).

Bundle Brent, otherwise known as Lady Eileen, is never one to shy away from an ornery nest of political intrigue and personal danger, especially if the nest contains branches and twigs from her home turf of Chimneys, an estate that exists in some ancient Home County of the mind. In a work that’s quite open about its origins in literary artifice, she might as well carry the label “plucky heroine.” Her narrative arc roughly follows the model of The Secret of Chimneys (1925), in which she made her first appearance, and it draws in the same basic ingredients: a country house party, an assortment of blithe young men and women of leisure, a MacGuffin-like object on which the fate of the British nation might hang, a suspicious death or two. In this quasi-sequel, Bundle and her dear father have let Chimneys to a steel baron named Sir Oswald Coote, and one night a guest of the Cootes passes away from causes that appear to be natural. SevenDialsMysteryBut on her return to the house, Bundle latches onto signs that a sinister plan lay behind that death. For one thing, someone had neatly arrayed a set of seven alarm clocks in the room of the deceased man, and then thrown an eighth clock onto the lawn at Chimneys. For another, the dead man had left a draft letter—discovered by Bundle—that alluded cryptically to something called Seven Dials. A second odd death, involving another bloke who was at the Cootes’ house party, puts her curiosity into overdrive. With help from a few other young blades who attended the party, Bundle plunges into an amateur investigation with the same disregard for personal safety that characterizes her approach to driving along narrow country lanes in her Hispano car. 

Unmistakably, a strong influence on Christie in her early writing days was P.G. Wodehouse, and nowhere was that influence more evident than in this frothy, well-made tale. Like Wodehouse, she took a sharp interest—impish but also reverential—in the lifestyles of the rich and fatuous. Like him, she knew how to conceal a disciplined sense of craft beneath a seemingly artless veneer. In Seven Dials, Christie builds on the Wodehouse model: With a steady flow of lighter-than-air social comedy serving as “cover,” she smuggles in a densely clued murder and espionage plot. The result is a twist-laden puzzle that’s worthy of a mid-rank Hercule Poirot novel. Yet, instead of occupying the narrative foreground, the puzzle element all but disappears from view. In a masterstroke of misdirection, Christie lulls readers into forgetting that they are, in fact, riffling through the pages a detective story..

A notable aspect of the book’s off-kilter whimsy is the gender-bent logic that Christie applies to its cast of characters. To a degree that seems intentional, she spins up a world in which womenfolk are brave and cunning and menfolk are flighty and indolent. Much of the comedy here, and more than a little of the mystery, derives from the way that the central female and male characters play against stereotypes that would have been particularly rigid in the 1920s. The prime exception to this pattern is Superintendent Battle, the sleuth of record, who looms at the edge of the main action as a strong, gnomically tight-lipped presence He’s a man’s man, a copper’s copper, and as arrow-straight as his name suggests. Between Bundle and Battle, a criminal who ventures near Chimney doesn’t stand a chance.

Grade: B+

Other notable reviews: Ah, Sweet Mystery, Book Reviews Forevermore, FanFiction’s Book Reviews, Grandest Game in the World, In Search of the Classic Mystery, Judith McKinnon, Lady Bergamot’s Library, Mike Finn’s Fiction, Reviews from My Couch, Sandra’s Ark, She Reads Novels, Warm Days Will Never Cease

[ADDENDUM: A recent trip to London, during which I strolled around the Seven Dials neighborhood, led me to revisit this book. SevenDialsMonumentThe area is now a twee urban nook, full of soap shops and artisanal eateries, all located on a series of narrow streets that converge in seven points around a traffic circle. In the center of the circle stands a monument—a reproduction of a similar structure from the 17th century—that features seven sundials. The monument wasn’t in place during Christie’s time, and that absence of a tangible referent perhaps gave the name Seven Dials a mystique that served her literary purpose. In the novel, Superintendent Battle describes the place as what we would now call a neighborhood in transition: “It was rather a low quarter once, but it’s very respectable and high class nowadays. Not at all a romantic spot to poke about in for mysterious secret societies.” Roughly a century later, that is still true, only more so. People go to Seven Dials to poke about for a vintage pair of jeans or a nice vegan lunch, and no one there would start any kind of society and want to keep it secret.]

 
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Posted by on September 1, 2025 in British, Golden Age, Novel, Puzzle

 

BAYNARD KENDRICK. Blind Man’s Bluff (1943).

This short, crisp tale of murder disguised as suicide packs in a wealth of well-engineered complexity. Clues, mundane yet wonderfully evocative, abound. As the story teeters on the verge of its climax, an omniscient narrator peers into the machine-swift mind of Captain Duncan Maclain and offers an inventory of the raw factual material that Maclain is processing:

Out of a welter of innocuous objects he had formed a mental picture. It had a lot of parts—Hadfield’s missing fountain pen and change, a lowered Venetian blind, an onyx-based paperweight surmounted by a crystal ball, a broken bottle of Scotch, Julia Hadfield’s hallucination that her husband had fallen down the elevator shaft, the heavy round watchman’s clock carried on his rounds by Dan O’Hare.

BlindMansBluff HCFrom these indicators, along with other data points related to a quartet of killings, Maclain deduces the identity of a culprit as well as the method by which the perpetrator transformed brute homicidal intent into a series of apparent miracle crimes. A violent death at the beginning of the novel marks the pattern: Blake Hadfield, a cold-hearted banker who had alienated business associates and family members alike over many years, tumbles from an eighth-floor interior balcony at the Miners Title and Trust Building in Lower Manhattan. Ostensibly, only Seth Hadfield, Blake’s estranged son, had the opportunity to pitch the victim into the building’s atrium; otherwise, the floor was empty, and the building nearly so. Seth proclaims his innocence, and Maclain believes him. But Maclain, a genius amateur sleuth of the classic variety, also rejects the suicide theory put forth (at least initially) by his sparring partner in detection, Inspector Davis of the NYPD Homicide Squad. Two similar deaths follow—in each case, a man falls from a great height with no one in the vicinity who could have provided a helpful heave-ho—and another suspicious death, from six years earlier, looms over the whole affair. The book has just eight chapters, but Kendrick necessarily devotes the last of them to a long disquisition by Maclain on the killer’s bravura scheme and his own bravura effort to unravel it.

A major strength of Blind Man’s Bluff involves Kendrick’s exacting rendition of the financial and social particulars of mid-century metropolitan life. While the setting here is the period soon after American entry into the Second World War (Seth sports a freshly issued Army uniform), the weighty overhang of the Great Depression exerts its force on the book’s plot. Even a decade later, the effects of the 1932 bank crash reverberate in the lives of Blake Hadfield and those who had either loved or hated him. Beneath the calm surface of modern commerce, the thin line between wealth and ruin lies clearly visible. Kendrick, much like his contemporaries Helen McCloy and Rex Stout, peoples his world with members of New York City’s professional and business upper classes: bankers, accountants, lawyers, merchants—figures, in short, who plausibly possess the level of cunning and drive needed to concoct elaborate strategies of murder. In an echo of what a generation of British authors did for the English countryside, American writers like Kendrick conjure an alternate-reality Manhattan where violent urges roil beneath social graces.

BlindMansBluff MapbackLike any proper fictional detective, Maclain has a distinguishing feature that sets him apart from the common herd, and from most other fictional detectives: He is completely blind. Yet his blindness is no mere gimmick. Kendrick rhapsodizes at length and with real subtlety about the compensatory talents that allow his hero to glean truths that other people are too jaded by sight to see: “Maclain was subject to no distractions that afflict the normal person in a world of light. … Many normal people intent on concentration have to close their eyes. Maclain’s were always closed.” Before the case reaches an end—it’s a satisfying conclusion, albeit one with more tendrils of complication than it probably needs—Maclain will test not only his powers of perception and intuition, but his physical and moral courage as well. Blindness, we come to understand, is at least as much a gift as it is a handicap.

In Kendrick’s hands, the detective story thus becomes a vehicle for widening and deepening our sense of empathy. The genre, at its best, highlights the many ways that things are not as they seem. It shows how human reason, along with working to crack criminal mysteries, can help break down common prejudices.

Grade: A-

Notable posts about this book: Ah, Sweet Mystery, Beneath the Stains of Time, Cross-Examining Crime, Invisible Event, My Reader’s Block

 
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Posted by on August 9, 2025 in American, Novel, Puzzle

 

JOHN DICKSON CARR. The Mad Hatter Mystery (1933)

MadHatter1From the title, a reader-to-be might expect this book to offer a tale of through-the-looking-glass antics in the tradition of Lewis Carroll. If told that it’s a biblio-mystery that features a precious, newly discovered manuscript, the reader might expect Carroll to be the author of that literary treasure. Yet, while there is some madcap (pun intended) business with stolen hats, the novel only vaguely echoes the logic-addled playfulness of Carroll’s work. The (apocryphal) manuscript, meanwhile, was penned by Edgar Allan Poe—a quite different 19th-century author—and Carr, although he infuses several scenes with moody gusts of London fog, does little to emulate the brooding quality that we associate with Poe. In fact, the author to whom Carr most clearly pays homage here is a 20th-century contemporary of his: Freeman Wills Crofts. What drives the plot in a classic Crofts tale is a complex, painstaking effort to indicate that so-and-so couldn’t have committed a crime, followed by a complex, painstaking effort to show that so-and-so did precisely that. Carr, with partial success, puts his own spin on that famously “humdrum” formula.

The problem that confronts Dr. Gideon Fell and Inspector Hadley of Scotland Yard begins with a startling tableau: A young aspiring newspaperman named Philip Driscoll lies dead near Traitor’s Gate at the Tower of London. Atop his head is an oversized opera hat that doesn’t match his flamboyant golf outfit; protruding through is chest is a shiny, dagger-like implement that appears to be the bolt from a medieval crossbow. Driscoll had been covering the exploits of a figure, dubbed the Mad Hatter, who has been absconding with people’s hats (such as a bobby’s helmet) and then placing the hats in provocatively chosen public sites (on a lamppost near Scotland Yard, for example). As it happens, the hat placed on Driscoll’s corpse had been stolen from his uncle, Sir William Bitton. As it happens, Sir William had recently announced the theft of a long-lost Poe manuscript from his Berkeley Square home. As it happens, several members for Sir William’s extended household were at the Tower on the day of the murder. It all makes for a thick stew of possibilities, but the investigation quickly focuses on the comings and goings of various suspects. Which of them could have been at the right place, at the right time, to kill Driscoll?

In the introduction to a new edition of Mad Hatter, Otto Penzler asserts that the book’s riches include an “impossible crime.” That’s wrong; despite Fell’s fame as a solver of such crimes, several of his early cases, including this one, lack that element. But the mistake is somewhat forgivable. The impossible crime subgenre and the unbreakable alibi subgenre rely on a similar kind of trick—the trick of obscuring some aspect of temporal or spatial circumstance that would clarify not only “whodunit” but how “it” was done. In each instance, the work of detection involves revealing a mechanism of misdirection: A crime is “impossible,” and then it isn’t; an alibi is “unbreakable,” and then it’s broken. What distinguishes an impossible crime scenario is the perception that no one could have done the deed in question. MadHatter2By contrast, an unbreakable alibi situation posits that one or more suspects couldn’t have committed the crime at a particular time. Carr, in this novel, proves to be as ingenious at deploying one sort of trick as he is at the other. Fortunately, he narrates the breaking of an alibi in a much less plodding way than Crofts. Not so fortunately, he does it in a harried fashion that tests a reader’s ability to absorb either the details of the alibi or the process of breaking that alibi.

Carroll-worthy antics are largely absent, and so are Poe-worthy horrors, but Carr—even at this early stage of his career—presents a fully developed Carrian approach to fictional world building. Twice, and to middling comic effect, Fell impersonates Inspector Hadley and subjects a witness to a preposterous version of an American-stylethird degree.” The appeal of those hijinks will vary from one reader to the next. Without question, however, Carr uses them effectively to establish the wise yet childlike character of Fell in this second of the good doctor’s published adventures. Carr also establishes a distinctively atmospheric use of setting, rendering the modern London of Underground trains and cocktail bars as a thrilling Baghdad-on-the-Thames. Although key parts of the story get lost in a fog of hasty exposition, Carr shows just how deftly he can pull a surprise ending out of a narrative hat.

Grade: B+

Notable posts about this book: Classic Mysteries, Clothes in Books, A Crime Is Afoot, Crossexamining Crime, Dead Yesterday, Grandest Game in the World, Green Capsule, In Search of the Classic Mystery Novel, Mysteries Ahoy!, Vintage Pop Fictions

[ADDENDUM: Recently, I was staying in London, and I read this novel as a companion piece for my trip. It was a good choice. From Mayfair to Bloomsbury to the Tower, Carr makes detailed, effective use of the London scene. But while I was there, I noticed factors that made my suspension of disbelief less willing than it might have been. For one thing, the story requires the presence of tourists at the Tower to be quite sparse. Perhaps the Tower was a sleepy, off-the-beaten-track place in the early 1930s, but in 2025 the idea of wielding a crossbow bolt and hiding a body near Traitor’s Gate in broad (albeit fog-covered) daylight is completely laughable. For another thing—and just a mild spoiler here (click at your own risk)—I observed that the perpetrator’s alibi involves a fundamentally impossible scenario of traveling certain distances by certain means within a certain timeframe. If not for that flaw, I might have given the book a higher grade.]

 
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Posted by on July 21, 2025 in British, Golden Age, Novel, Puzzle

 

ISAAC ASIMOV. The Naked Sun (1957).

A defining quality of good fiction, and especially good science fiction, is that it makes the familiar strange and the strange familiar. Detective fiction goes a bit further by seeking to make significant that which is (seemingly) ordinary and to make clear that which is (temporarily) opaque. Asimov, in this sequel to another futuristic detective novel (Caves of Steel), expertly combines those feats of literary alchemy into a lively, thought-provoking entertainment.

NakedSun1Many centuries hence, a murder occurs on the Outer Worlds planet of Solaria, where crime is practically nonexistent—and so is any kind of police force. Peculiar facts about the killing raise the need for a serious inquiry. Whoever killed Rikaine Delmarre bludgeoned him at close range, but no weapon turned up in the initial search of the crime scene. Evidence supplied by robots establishes that the only other human near that scene was the victim’s wife, Gladia, yet she fell unconscious around the time of the murder and had no chance to dispose of a weapon. Faced with this quandary, the Solarian powers-that-be deign to invite a mere Earthman to work the case on their behalf. Elijah Baley, a “plainclothesman” from New York City, thus finds himself traveling millions of miles to a planet known for its “naked sun.” (In the Earth of this imagined future, people live in subterranean “caves of steel” and have no direct experience of the star that lights their galaxy.) There, Baley reunites with Daneel Olivaw, a “positronic” robot who served as his sidekick in the previous adventure. Soon after Baley and Olivaw begin their probe, someone attempts a second murder. As the two detectives communicate via holographic projection with Hannis Gruer, the planet’s head of security, they watch him suddenly lurch into convulsions after sipping from a glass of water. Clearly, the glass contains poison. But who could have administered it, and how? Like other Solarians, Gruer lives alone on a vast estate; only his robots are able to come anywhere near him, and robots are hard-wired to avoid causing harm to their human masters.

To read this book during the 2020–2021 pandemic is to experience a shock of recognition—a glimpse of the present as foreshadowed by a decades-old vision of the future. The people of Solaria, like those of plague-scarred Earth in the time of Covid-19, interact with other humans almost entirely by remote means. Asimov posits a technology that enables what Solarians call “viewing,” and his descriptions of that practice suggest a three-dimensional version of the screen-mediated forms of engagement (Zoom meetings and the like) on which people today increasingly depend. Solarians, who descend from human Earthlings, differ from present-day humans in that they prefer viewing to its in-person alternative, which they call “seeing.” In effect, Solarians have replaced the need for human contact with a reliance on legions of supremely advanced robots. That feature rings a contemporary bell, too. Denizens of Earth do not have high-functioning anthropomorphic machines to assist them during long months of pandemic isolation. But, like their counterparts on Solaria, they struggle to understand and manage the devices (smart and not-so-smart) that they have made.

The peculiar conditions of Solaria are a critical factor in the crimes of apparent impossibility that Baley must solve. These puzzles, in fact, are keenly satisfying because they arise from—and hinge on—those very conditions. Each actual or attempted murder appears to lie outside the realm of the possible because (and only because) it takes place amid a cluster of social customs and logistical circumstances that are unique to the world that Asimov has constructed. For example, the visceral aversion that Solarians (most of them, anyway) have to sharing physical space with other humans creates a situation in which the killing of Delmarre and the attack on Gruer seem to defy explanation. Likewise, the Three Laws of Robotics, which are part of a system that Asimov has built into this world, set precise limits on the kinds of violence that robots can either perpetrate or allow to happen in their vicinity. To crack the mysteries at hand, Baley must tease apart the implications of these and other features of Solarian civilization.

Asimov manages the mystery plot with high professionalism, and he deals competently with adult themes that involve matters of human intimacy and human destiny. Even so, Naked Sun displays traces of a juvenile sensibility that was fairly common in mid-20th-century science-fiction writing. NakedSun2Too often, a gee-whiz tone overtakes Asimov’s otherwise serviceable prose, and his lead character, Baley, comes across as an earnest, boringly upright fellow—less as an heir to Philip Marlowe than as a law-enforcement version of Buck Rogers. In addition, there is a subplot that concerns the threat of intergalactic war, and although Asimov handles that story line with some complexity, its presence here brings a pulpy space-opera element into what should be (and mostly is) a tightly focused tale of investigation and discovery.

Like the best science fiction of its era, the novel also explores big ideas in a big, none-too subtle way. As the tale unfolds, Asimov presents a series of conversations between the Earthman sleuth and several of the Solarian suspects, including a sociologist, a roboticist, and the erstwhile assistant of the first victim, who had been the planet’s foremost “fetal engineer.” These conversations teem with anxious speculations about parenthood and family life, about population growth and the fate of nations (or, indeed, of entire planets), about humanoid machines and the humans who create them—preoccupations that were bubbling just under the surface of American culture during the 1950s. To reach Solaria, Baley spans many lightyears in a space capsule. Asimov, meanwhile, brings something else back from his fictive journey: a time capsule.

[ADDENDUM: A recent column in The New York Times by Paul Krugman spurred me to read this book at this time. Krugman flags the somewhat uncanny way that Asimov prefigured life under semi-lockdown. Naked Sun features “a society in which people live on isolated estates, their needs provided by robots and they interact only by video,” the columnist writes. “The plot hinges on the way this lack of face-to-face contact stunts and warps their personalities.”

So my review here steals just a bit from Krugman. It also steals a bit from myself. Looking back at my piece on the prequel book, Caves of Steel, I see that that I’ve touched on some of the same themes again—the science-fiction-as-time-capsule idea, the motif of using futuristic conditions (such as “laws” that govern robot behavior) to drive an impossible-crime plot. So I’m less original in this instance than I could be. Then again, the same is true of Asimov.]

 
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Posted by on April 2, 2021 in American, Novel, Puzzle

 

PHILIP MACDONALD. The Rynox Murder (1930).

“Less” is quite a bit “more” in this tidy, offbeat crime puzzle. It’s practically bereft of detectives (a few policemen do appear, albeit mainly in the form of incident reports that they submit) and wholly bereft of detection. In effect, readers must fill the crime-solving role directly, without mediation by a truth-seeking hero. MacDonald structures the tale as an inverted detective story that he has inverted yet again: It starts with an epilogue and ends with a prologue, and (roughly speaking) it depicts the unfolding of a complex criminal scheme in reverse chronological order. By dispensing with the apparatus of sleuthing and by focusing on the interplay among small group that includes a victim, a putative culprit, and a handful of the victim’s associates, MacDonald manages to pack a great deal of intrigue into a very slim volume.

RynoxMurderAmong the central players in the drama are Francis Xavier Benedik, a partner in a London investment firm; his son, Anthony Xavier Benedik, who is also a partner; a third partner, Samuel Rickworth; and Rickworth’s daughter, Petronella (“Peter”), who is Anthony’s fiancée. Supplementing the cast are assorted clerks, secretaries, and servants who work either at Rynox House, where the investment firm keeps its offices, or at the Benedik home in Mayfair. (MacDonald, in deftly sketching the upstairs-downstairs dynamics of those locations, provides an appealing sidelight of the tale’s main events.) One other character flits menacingly about the world inhabited by the Benediks and the Rickworths. He is Boswell March, a surly fellow who sports an odd-shaped hat and who harbors an oddly fierce grudge against F.X. Benedik. One night, Boswell pays a visit to the latter man’s house; then, after a fusillade of gunfire, the lifeless body of Benedik is found lying across the sill of a window in his study. The killing isn’t quite an impossible crime, but its mannered staging and intricate mechanics bear the clear stamp of Golden Age ingenuity. (Detailed floor plans and elaborate timetables further add to the novel’s appeal.)

The plot of The Rynox Murder, though well-crafted on the whole, has weaknesses: One aspect of how the assailant pulled off the killing doesn’t stand up to scrutiny, and the key deception that underlies the crime will be fairly obvious to many readers. Other elements of the book, meanwhile, count as real strengths. True to its title, the novel centers much of its action on the business dealings of Rynox, a firm that has invested a large—perhaps too large—portion of its assets in a speculative venture that involves the then-new industry of synthetic rubber. MacDonald handles this otherwise uncompelling material with wit and flair, turning dry exchanges about bank loans and insurance policies into engaging narrative fodder. He also graces scene after scene with touches of sly, character-driven humor. Given its slender length and its compact plot, this novel (or is it a novella?) seems like a mere trifle. But it’s richly adorned trifle at that.

 
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Posted by on February 6, 2021 in British, Golden Age, Novel, Puzzle

 

HELEN McCLOY. Alias Basil Willing (1951).

A case of imposture swiftly becomes a case of murder for the eponymous hero of this mid-career novel of not-quite-middling quality. Early one evening, Dr. Basil Willing overhears his name being used by a nondescript little man who is hiring a taxi near Willing’s home on the East Side of Manhattan. Willing hires his own taxi and follows the man to a house on West 11th Street where a dinner party is under way. Playing host is one Dr. Zimmer, a psychiatrist, and the guests includes several of his patients. One odd circumstance leads to another, and before the night is out Willing has a new murder to solve. Another killing occurs soon afterward, and in both cases the victim had attended the Zimmer party and had died of a codeine overdose. AliasBasilWillingAs is typical of McCloy’s work, the list of suspects draws heavily from the cultured and monied ranks of New York society, and Willing’s investigation consists largely of observing and interviewing these characters in their native habitats.

In broad outline, the Willing series appears to fall in the same tradition of American crime writing that includes the work of S.S. Van Dine and Ellery Queen. Stories in this British-inflected tradition feature a genteel sleuth who functions as an amateur, even if (as in Willing’s case) he enjoys an official connection to the police; a murder, or maybe a pair of murders, that seem essentially bloodless; and a closed circle of suspects who mostly hail from the upper reaches of a class hierarchy. Yet McCloy’s attitude toward her material echoes the sensibility of a different American tradition: Like Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler, and others who write in a hardboiled vein, McCloy casts an icy-cold eye on the mid-century American scene. (Perhaps not coincidentally, McCloy at the time of writing this tale was married to Davis Dresser, who spun yarns about the hard-driving private eye Michael Shayne under the name Brett Halliday.) A highlight of this book is a suite of corrosive pen portraits that introduce readers to Dr. Zimmer’s guests. There is Rosamund Yorke, a vain socialite married to an aging nightclub owner. There is Brinsley Shaw, the cowardly and craven nephew of a wealthy widow. And so on. Similarly, the plot here is replete with signs of social and spiritual corruption—from Zimmer’s practice of gestalt psychotherapy, which McCloy presents as a vaguely fraudulent operation, to the booze-drenched milieu of a suburban country club.

The resolution of this plot combines conventional fair-play aspects—aspects that a reader might divine from clues honestly presented and cleverly concealed—with elements that no reader could deduce from the events that McCloy narrates. (One such element hinges on an obscure literary reference that Willing happens to know. He mentions the work in question, but no ordinary reader will recognize its significance.) When the final twist arrives, it has a freakish quality that renders it mildly shocking, rather than genuinely (or ingeniously) surprising, and the novel ends up resembling a pulpy thriller more than it does a drawing-room puzzler. As a consequence, Alias Basil Willing fails to meet the high standard of fictional detection that its namesake established in his previous adventures.

 
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Posted by on January 1, 2021 in American, Novel, Puzzle

 

GASTON LEROUX. The Mystery of the Yellow Room (1907).

In the decades immediately following its release, this canonical work cast a mighty spell over the field of impossible-crime fiction. “The best detective tale ever written,” wrote John Dickson Carr, speaking through his protagonist, Dr. Gideon Fell, who issued that proclamation in the fabled “Locked Room Lecture,” published (as a chapter in The Three Coffins) in 1935. “It remains, after a generation of imitation, the most brilliant of all ‘locked room’ novels,” wrote Howard Haycraft a few years later in his magisterial genre history, Murder for Pleasure. Now, more than a century after the book’s publication, that worshipful attitude is hard to comprehend. The magic that Yellow Room was once able to work on acolytes and enthusiasts has vanished. What stands out today is the clumsy and sometimes comically antiquated way that Leroux handles a set of ingredients that are, in their own right, fairly appealing.

YellowRoomIn its setting and its setup, the novel presents a classic combination of easeful gentility and violent death. There is a garden: The action occurs chiefly at the Château du Glandier, a venerable and verdant estate on the outskirts of Paris, during the Belle Époque (in 1892, to be precise). Living there are Monsieur and Mademoiselle Stangerson, a father-daughter team of scientific geniuses who call to mind the husband-wife team of Pierre and Marie Curie. Surrounded by ostensibly loyal servants, the Stangersons devote their days to working in a laboratory located in a pavilion on the estate. (Their research involves a phenomenon that they call “the dissociation of matter.” In light of what follows, that concept will resonate in a provocative way.) And there is the introduction of a snake: One evening, after a long day of work in the lab, Mademoiselle Stangerson retires to an adjoining space called the Yellow Room. She locks the only door to that chamber. Soon afterward, gunshots ring out. Monsieur Stangerson, with three servants in tow, breaks the door open and discovers a scene of mayhem. His daughter is alive, but she has borne a wound to the head. A search of the premises shows that no one else is in the room—and that no one could have escaped after she sealed it shut.

From there, the book follows a now-standard model for structuring a locked-room novel. (Indeed, in these pages, Leroux is helping to establish that model.) An amateur sleuth, in the form of a boy-wonder journalist named Joseph Rouletabille, arrives on the scene. He reconnoiters the problem, both physically and intellectually: Footprints are located and examined. Theories of what happened in the Yellow Room are broached and critiqued. Then, just as readers’ attention might start to flag, Leroux compounds the original mystery by introducing new apparent impossibilities. One night at the château, for example, a figure disappears from a hallway—a space that Leroux (or his translator) amusingly calls the “inexplicable gallery”—even as witnesses guard every point of egress. Leroux builds further interest by setting rival sleuths in conflict with each other. Throughout the investigation, Rouletabille jousts with an array of officials, including Frederic Larsan, a detective from the Sûreté who functions as a half-serious, half-comic foil (somewhat in the tradition of Inspector Lestrade).

These features of the tale work well enough. Unfortunately, they tumble forth in a style that is lumbering yet frenetic. Leroux’s prose is a creaking mass of Edwardian-era tics and travesties—a bundle of melodramatic phrases and orotund flourishes. (Again, the translator may bear part of the blame; perhaps the style falls on the ear more softly in the original French.) At the same time, the storyline jumps about constantly; like Leroux’s juvenile protagonist, it displays more energy than intentionality. But the inelegant storytelling would be largely forgivable (at least to many impossible-crime mavens) if the story itself didn’t suffer from glaring flaws.

Leroux botches the main puzzle (the one that originates in the Yellow Room) by attaching too many extraneous elements to it. Deep within the puzzle, one can discern a key inspiration for the wondrous trickery—the quasi-magical use of narrative technique to bend time and space—that successors like Carr would exhibit with greater artistry. YellowRoom2Solving this conundrum requires both painstaking analysis and bold intuition. (“We have to take hold of our reason by the right end,” Rouletabille notes.) But Leroux, having contrived this feat of deception, proceeds to swaddle it in layers of over-embroidered, shoddily sewn story material. As a result, when the time comes to explain this sleight of hand, what should be an adroit revelation becomes a labored and almost impossible-to-follow disquisition.  

More egregiously, Leroux doesn’t play fair in the construction of his plot. Although he doles out clues that point toward some aspects of the solution, he also withholds several pieces of data that illuminate either the motive or the mechanics of the Yellow Room episode. Only when Rouletabille disgorges this information in a final, disordered rush of exposition do critical parts of the story come into view. And yet Haycraft, in his write-up on Leroux, claimed that the author “played religiously fair with his readers.” Arguably, Leroux’s neatest trick was his ability to beguile readers (some of them, anyway) on that front.

 
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Posted by on October 7, 2020 in International, Novel, Puzzle

 

DASHIELL HAMMETT. The Dain Curse (1929).

Of Hammett’s five novels, this one has long had the lowest reputation—certainly in the view of the author himself, and by a fairly wide margin among most critics who celebrate his literary achievement overall. Yet the book, which Hammett churned out quickly and as a matter of financial exigency, offers plenty of vintage pulpy charm. More important, it stands as the ur-text for a prominent subgenre of detective fiction.

The story begins modestly, as if it came from one of the more desiccated leaves of a private eye’s casebook. Then it spirals manically into a strange, labyrinthine affair. The Continental Op, working on behalf of a jeweler’s insurance company, visits the San Francisco home of an inventor named Edgar Leggett. Some diamonds in Leggett’s possession have gone missing, and the Op starts chatting up people in the Leggett milieu who might know something about the whereabouts of those gems. The household includes the inventor’s wife, Alice, and his daughter, Gabrielle, and associates of the family include Eric Collinson, a suitor of Gabrielle, and Owen Fitzstephan, a writer who happens to know both the Leggett paterfamilias and the Op. A bit of poking around reveals to the Op that the apparent jewel theft is merely the tip of a highly toxic iceberg. The focus of investigative activity extends from the Leggett home to the Temple of the Holy Grail, the site of a sham religion that has drawn Gabrielle into its orbit, and then to an oceanside town called Quesada, where Gabrielle lands after a series of family tragedies. DainCurseMany corpses accumulate along the way, and the only factor that appears to link these deaths is Gabrielle. A possible explanation for all of this violence—though not one that the Op accepts—is a curse that supposedly afflicts the Dain family, from which Gabrielle and her mother descend.

Undergirding the novel is a narrative template that has more solidity than the looping (and sometimes loopy) contours of the case at hand. It’s a template that Raymond Chandler would use in part and on occasion, that Ross Macdonald would use in full and repeatedly, and that other practitioners of the California school of private eye writing would use as a birthright. Although the main venue for tales of this kind would shift from the northern part of the Golden State to the southern part, the defining elements of the template have been roughly constant: A private agent, initially brought in to resolve a fairly routine matter, becomes enmeshed in the coils of a dysfunctional family with a hidden, horrible past. His job (this detective is almost always a man) ends up requiring him to trace the accursed lineage of that family, and a question that frequently hangs over his work is whether the sins of self-indulgent parents will be visited upon their children. Common symptoms of family disarray include drug addiction, deviant sexuality, and participation in a pseudo-religious cult. (Such cults, of course, are known to find ample recruits among California’s insecurely rooted population.) In sorting through these pathologies, the detective functions less as an investigator than as a therapist; the true object of his quest is not truth or even justice, but social reparation and psychic absolution.

In a story of this type, much depends on the inclusion of a detective hero who can support the weight of a melodramatic and emotionally laden plot. The Op, a journeyman operative with the Continental Detective Agency who also appeared in Red Harvest and dozens of short works, meets that difficult test. His lack of a name in no way lessens the sense of presence that he confers on the Leggett affair—both as a professional sleuth and as the narrator of record. Indeed, the Op’s blunt, just-the-facts persona serves as an effective counterpoint to the bizarre, over-the-top sequence of events that he describes. His jaded response to the often ridiculous particulars of the case goes far in helping maintain the reader’s willing (and sometimes merely grudging) suspension of disbelief. What’s more, the Op gets a chance to display a softer, more human aspect of his hardboiled sensibility when he pauses his investigation to rescue one character from a dire personal fate. The temporary shift in his role from crimefighter to caretaker marks a surprising turn that works surprisingly well.

But the whole thing goes awry in the closing chapters, when the time comes for the Op to reveal and explain who did the murders, and how, and why. Uncharacteristically, Hammett handles this moment in a hectic and compressed manner, thus draining the denouement of both clarity and impact. This failing is all the more lamentable because Hammett manages the runup to the end quite deftly, and because he has engineered a grand twist that should carry a real wallop. Perhaps, in opting to explore the compassionate side of his knightly hero, the author had lost interest in the side of his hero that involves solving riddles and slaying dragons.

 
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Posted by on September 8, 2020 in American, Golden Age, Hard-Boiled, Novel