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stop

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Stop, stóp, stôp, and stɔ́p
Languages (18)
Translingual • English
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Translingual

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English full stop.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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stop

  1. (international standards) ITU & IMO radiotelephony clear code (spelling-alphabet name) for full stop / period.

Coordinate terms

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English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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    From Middle English stoppen, stoppien, from Old English stoppian (“to stop, close”), from Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn, from Proto-Germanic *stuppōną (“to stop, close”), *stuppijaną (“to push, pierce, prick”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-, *(s)tewb- (“to push; stick”), from *(s)tew- (“to bump; impact; butt; push; beat; strike; hit”).

    Cognate with Saterland Frisian stopje (“to stop, block”), West Frisian stopje (“to stop”), Dutch stoppen (“to stop”), Low German stoppen (“to stop”), German stopfen (“to be filling, stuff”), German stoppen (“to stop”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål stoppe (“to stop”), Icelandic, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish stoppa (“to stop”), Middle High German stupfen, stüpfen (“to pierce”). More at stuff, stump.

    Alternative etymology derives Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn from an assumed Vulgar Latin *stūpāre, *stuppāre (“to stop up with tow”), from stūpa, stīpa, stuppa (“tow, flax, oakum”), from Ancient Greek στύπη (stúpē), στύππη (stúppē, “tow, flax, oakum”). This derivation, however, is doubtful, as the earliest instances of the Germanic verb do not carry the meaning of "stuff, stop with tow". Rather, these senses developed later in response to influence from similar sounding words in Latin and Romance.[1]

    Verb

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    stop (third-person singular simple present stops, present participle stopping, simple past and past participle stopped)

    2. (intransitive) To cease moving.
      I stopped at the traffic lights.
    3. (intransitive) Not to continue.
      The riots stopped when police moved in.
      Soon the rain will stop.
      • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
        Then everybody once more knelt, and soon the blessing was pronounced. The choir and the clergy trooped out slowly, […] , down the nave to the western door. […] At a seemingly immense distance the surpliced group stopped to say the last prayer.
    4. (transitive) To cause (something) to cease moving or progressing.
      The sight of the armed men stopped him in his tracks.
      This guy is a fraudster. I need to stop the cheque I wrote him.
      • 2013 June 1, “Ideas coming down the track”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 13 (Technology Quarterly):
        A “moving platform” scheme […] is more technologically ambitious than maglev trains even though it relies on conventional rails. […] This set-up solves several problems […]. Stopping high-speed trains wastes energy and time, so why not simply slow them down enough for a moving platform to pull alongside?
    5. (transitive) To cease; to no longer continue.
      Antonym: keep
      One of the wrestlers suddenly stopped fighting.
    6. (transitive) To cause (something) to come to an end.
      The referees stopped the fight.
    7. (causative, transitive) To interrupt, prevent or end the activity of someone or something. [with direct object, along with gerund (chiefly UK) or direct object, along with from, along with gerund (chiefly US)]
      Don't let me stop you working.
      • 1988, Jeanne Willis, Tony Ross, Dr Xargle's Book of Earthlets:
        When they have finished the milk they must be patted and squeezed to stop them exploding.
    8. (transitive) To close or block an opening.
      He stopped the wound with gauze.
      Rotten leaves and branches have stopped the gutter.
      I've had the cracks in the wall stopped with mortar by the builders.
    9. (transitive, intransitive, photography, often with "up" or "down") To adjust the aperture of a camera lens.
      To achieve maximum depth of field, he stopped down to an f-stop of 22.
    10. (intransitive) To stay; to spend a short time; to reside or tarry temporarily.
      to stop with a friend
      He stopped for two weeks at the inn.
      He stopped at his friend's house before continuing with his drive.
    11. (music) To regulate the sounds of (musical strings, etc.) by pressing them against the fingerboard with the finger, or otherwise shortening the vibrating part.
    12. (obsolete) To punctuate.
    13. (nautical) To make fast; to stopper.
    15. (phonetics, transitive) To pronounce (a phoneme) as a stop.
      th-stopping
    16. (finance, transitive) To delay the purchase or sale of (a stock) while agreeing the price for later.
      • 1952, Charles Amos Dice, Wilford John Eiteman, The Stock Market, page 144:
        It will be noted that the specialist would have refused to stop the stock for broker X if he (the specialist) had only one order to sell at 85.
    17. To take out of service for repair, servicing or examination.
      • 1960 April, A. W. Bennett, “A Locomotive Shedmaster's Day”, in Railway Magazine, page 272:
        The mechanical foreman is also present, and he gives a progress report of engines under repair and those stopped for their periodical routine examination.
    18. To quit partaking in the use of or participation in (something).
      She stopped heroin last year.
      He stopped football to focus on acting.
    Usage notes
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    • This is a catenative verb that takes the gerund -ing to indicate the ending action (stop thinking), or the to infinitive to indicate the purpose of the interruption (stop to think). See Appendix:English catenative verbs for more information.
    • When used causatively, the verb can either be followed directly by its dependent clause (for example, to stop them exploding) or take a helper word, usually from, before the clause (to stop them from exploding). The former usage is more common in Britain, and the latter usage more common in America.
    Conjugation
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    Conjugation of stop
    infinitive (to) stop
    present tense past tense
    1st-person singular stop stopped
    2nd-person singular stop, stoppest† stopped, stoppedst†
    3rd-person singular stops, stoppeth† stopped
    plural stop
    subjunctive stop stopped
    imperative stop —
    participles stopping stopped

    † Archaic or obsolete.

    Alternative forms
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    Synonyms
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    Antonyms
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    Hyponyms
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    Derived terms
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    Descendants
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    • → Finnish: stop
    • → French: stop
    • → Greek: στοπ (stop)
    • → Hungarian: stop
    • → Irish: stop
    • → Italian: stop
    • → Latvian: stop
    • → Ottoman Turkish: استوپ (istop)
    • → Polish: stop
    • → Portuguese: stop
    • → Russian: стоп (stop)
    • → Spanish: stop
    • → Welsh: stopio
    • → Tok Pisin: stap
    Translations
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    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
    Translations to be checked

    Noun

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    stop (plural stops)

    2. A (usually marked) place where buses, trams or trains halt to let passengers get on and off, usually smaller than a station.
      Related terms: halt, station.
      They agreed to meet at the bus stop.
    4. An action of stopping; interruption of travel.
      That stop was not planned.
    5. That which stops, impedes, or obstructs; an obstacle; an impediment.
      • 1595, Samuel Daniel, “(please specify the folio number)”, in The First Fowre Bookes of the Ciuile Wars between the Two Houses of Lancaster and Yorke, London: […] P[eter] Short for Simon Waterson, →OCLC:
        A fatal stop trauerst their headlong course
      • a. 1729, John Rogers, The Advantages of conversing with good Men:
        So melancholy a prospect should inspire us with zeal to oppose some stop to the rising torrent.
    6. A device intended to block the path of a moving object
      door stop
      1. (engineering) A device, or piece, as a pin, block, pawl, etc., for arresting or limiting motion, or for determining the position to which another part shall be brought.
      2. (architecture) A member, plain or moulded, formed of a separate piece and fixed to a jamb, against which a door or window shuts.
    8. (phonetics) A consonant sound in which the passage of air is temporarily blocked by the lips, tongue, or glottis.
      Synonyms: plosive, occlusive
    9. A symbol used for purposes of punctuation and representing a pause or separating clauses, particularly a full stop, comma, colon or semicolon.
    10. (music) A knob or pin used to regulate the flow of air in an organ.
      The organ is loudest when all the stops are pulled.
    11. (music) One of the vent-holes in a wind instrument, or the place on the wire of a stringed instrument, by the stopping or pressing of which certain notes are produced.
    12. (tennis) A very short shot which touches the ground close behind the net and is intended to bounce as little as possible.
    13. (soccer) A save; preventing the opposition from scoring a goal
      • 2021 May 15, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 0-1 Leicester”, in BBC Sport‎[1]:
        The Foxes were indebted to two crucial saves from keeper Kasper Schmeichel, who turned former Leicester defender Ben Chilwell's header on to a post then produced an even better stop to turn Mason Mount's powerful shot wide.
    14. (zoology) The depression in a dog’s face between the skull and the nasal bones.
      The stop in a bulldog's face is very marked.
    15. A marking on a rabbit's hind foot.
      The American Rabbit Breeders Association holds that the stops of a Dutch rabbit should be white from the toes to one third of the way along the foot.
    16. (photography) A part of a photographic system that reduces the amount of light.
    17. (photography) A unit of exposure corresponding to a doubling of the brightness of an image.
    18. (photography) An f-stop.
    19. The diaphragm used in optical instruments to cut off the marginal portions of a beam of light passing through lenses.
    20. (fencing) A coup d'arret, or stop thrust.
    21. (UK, grammar, informal) Ellipsis of full stop.
    Derived terms
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    Translations
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    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
    Translations to be checked
    References
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    1. ^ The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia, "stop".

    Punctuation mark

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    stop

    1. Used to indicate the end of a sentence in a telegram.
    Translations
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    Etymology 2

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    From Middle English stoppe, from Old English stoppa (“bucket, pail, a stop”), from Proto-Germanic *stuppô (“vat, vessel”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teub- (“to push, hit; stick, stump”). See stoup.

    Cognates

    Cognate with Norwegian stopp, stoppa (“deep well, recess”), Middle High German stubech, stübich (“barrel, vat, unit of measure”) (German Stübchen). Related also to Middle Low German stōp (“beaker, flask”), Middle High German stouf (“beaker, flask”), Norwegian staupa (“goblet”), Icelandic staupa (“shot-glass”), Old English stēap (“a stoup, beaker, drinking vessel, cup, flagon”). Cognate to Albanian shtambë (“amphora, bucket”).

    Noun

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    stop (plural stops)

    1. (UK dialectal) A small well-bucket; a milk-pail.
    Translations
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    Etymology 3

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      From s- + top.

      Noun

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      stop (plural stops)

      1. (physics) The squark that is the superpartner of a top quark.
        • 2016, ATLAS Collaboration, “Search for pair production of gluinos decaying via stop and sbottom in events with -jets and large missing transverse momentum in collisions at TeV with the ATLAS detector”, in arXiv‎[2]:
          For neutralino masses below approximately 700 GeV, gluino masses of less than 1.78 TeV and 1.76 TeV are excluded at the 95% CL in simplified models of the pair production of gluinos decaying via sbottom and stop, respectively.

      Anagrams

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      Czech

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      Pronunciation

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      Etymology 1

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      Pseudo-anglicism, derived from stop.

      Noun

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      stop m inan

      1. hitchhiking
        Synonym: autostop
      2. (sports) suspension
        Za hrubý faul dostal stop na čtyři zápasy. ― He received a four-match suspension for a serious foul.
      Declension
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      Declension of stop (hard masculine inanimate)
      singular plural
      nominative stop stopy
      genitive stopu stopů
      dative stopu stopům
      accusative stop stopy
      vocative stope stopy
      locative stopě, stopu stopech
      instrumental stopem stopy
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      Etymology 2

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      See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

      Noun

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      stop

      1. genitive plural of stopa

      Verb

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      stop

      1. second-person singular imperative of stopit

      Further reading

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      Danish

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      Verb

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      stop

      1. imperative of stoppe

      Dutch

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      Pronunciation

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      Etymology 1

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      From Middle Dutch stoppe. See the verb stoppen.

      Noun

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      stop m (plural stoppen, diminutive stopje n)

      1. an action of stopping, cessation
      2. a plug for a sink, a stopper
      3. an electric fuse
        Synonyms: smeltstop, zekering
      Derived terms
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      Etymology 2

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      See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

      Verb

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      stop

      1. inflection of stoppen:
        1. first-person singular present indicative
        2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
        3. imperative

      Anagrams

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      Finnish

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      Etymology

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      From English stop.

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /ˈstop/, [ˈs̠to̞p]
      • Rhymes: -op
      • Syllabification(key): stop
      • Hyphenation(key): stop

      Interjection

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      stop

      1. (informal) stop (halt)
        Synonym: seis
      2. stop (end-of-sentence indicator in telegrams)

      Further reading

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      French

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      Etymology

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      1792. Borrowed from English stop. The sense "hitchhiking" is a pseudo-anglicism.

      Pronunciation

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      Interjection

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      stop!

      1. stop!

      Noun

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      stop m (uncountable)

      1. stop sign
      2. brake lights; stop lights
      3. hitchhiking

      Derived terms

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      Descendants

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      Further reading

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      Anagrams

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      Hungarian

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      Etymology

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      Orthographic borrowing from English stop. The sense "hitchhike" is a pseudo-anglicism.

      Pronunciation

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      Interjection

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      stop

      1. halt! stop!

      Punctuation mark

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      stop

      1. stop (used to indicate the end of a sentence in a telegram)

      Noun

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      stop (plural stopok)

      1. (colloquial) stop sign (a red sign on the side of a street instructing vehicles to stop)
        Nem állt meg a stopnál. ― He ran the stop sign.
      2. (colloquial) hitchhike (an act of hitchhiking, trying to get a ride in a passing vehicle while standing at the side of a road)

      Declension

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      Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
      singular plural
      nominative stop stopok
      accusative stopot stopokat
      dative stopnak stopoknak
      instrumental stoppal stopokkal
      causal-final stopért stopokért
      translative stoppá stopokká
      terminative stopig stopokig
      essive-formal stopként stopokként
      essive-modal — —
      inessive stopban stopokban
      superessive stopon stopokon
      adessive stopnál stopoknál
      illative stopba stopokba
      sublative stopra stopokra
      allative stophoz stopokhoz
      elative stopból stopokból
      delative stopról stopokról
      ablative stoptól stopoktól
      non-attributive
      possessive – singular       		stopé stopoké
      non-attributive
      possessive – plural       		stopéi stopokéi
      Possessive forms of stop
      possessor single possession multiple possessions
      1st person sing. stopom stopjaim
      2nd person sing. stopod stopjaid
      3rd person sing. stopja stopjai
      1st person plural stopunk stopjaink
      2nd person plural stopotok stopjaitok
      3rd person plural stopjuk stopjaik

      Derived terms

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      Indonesian

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      Alternative forms

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      Etymology

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      From Dutch stop, Middle Dutch stoppe, from Middle Dutch stoppen, from Old Dutch *stoppon, from Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn. Doublet of setop.

      Pronunciation

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      Verb

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      stop

      1. to stop
        Synonyms: berhenti, terhenti

      Affixed terms

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      Further reading

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      Irish

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      Alternative forms

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      Etymology

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      Borrowed from English stop, from Middle English stoppen, from Old English stoppian (“to stop, close”).

      Pronunciation

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      Verb

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      stop (present analytic stopann, future analytic stopfaidh, verbal noun stopadh, past participle stoptha)

      1. to stop

      Conjugation

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      Conjugation of stop (first conjugation – A)
      indicative singular plural direct relative autonomous
      first second third first second third
      present stopaim stopann tú;
      stopair†       		stopann sé, sí stopaimid; stopann muid stopann sibh stopann siad;
      stopaid†       		a stopann; a stopas stoptar
      past stop mé; stopas stop tú; stopais stop sé, sí stopamar; stop muid stop sibh; stopabhair stop siad; stopadar a stop stopadh
      past habitual stopainn stoptá stopadh sé, sí stopaimis; stopadh muid stopadh sibh stopaidís; stopadh siad a stopadh stoptaí
      singular plural direct relative autonomous
      first second third first second third
      future stopfaidh mé;
      stopfad       		stopfaidh tú;
      stopfair†       		stopfaidh sé, sí stopfaimid;
      stopfaidh muid       		stopfaidh sibh stopfaidh siad;
      stopfaid†       		a stopfaidh; a stopfas stopfar
      conditional stopfainn stopfá stopfadh sé, sí stopfaimis; stopfadh muid stopfadh sibh stopfaidís; stopfadh siad a stopfadh stopfaí
      subjunctive singular plural direct relative autonomous
      first second third first second third
      present go stopa mé;
      go stopad†       		go stopa tú;
      go stopair†       		go stopa sé, sí go stopaimid;
      go stopa muid       		go stopa sibh go stopa siad;
      go stopaid†       		— go stoptar
      past dá stopainn dá stoptá dá stopadh sé, sí dá stopaimis;
      dá stopadh muid       		dá stopadh sibh dá stopaidís;
      dá stopadh siad       		— dá stoptaí
      imperative singular plural direct relative autonomous
      first second third first second third
      — stopaim stop stopadh sé, sí stopaimis stopaigí;
      stopaidh†       		stopaidís — stoptar
      past participle stoptha
      verbal noun stopadh

      † archaic or dialect form
      ‡ dependent form

      Synonyms

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      Noun

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      stop m (genitive singular stop, nominative plural stopanna)

      1. a stop (place to get on and off line buses or trams; interruption of travel; device to block path)

      Declension

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      Declension of stop (fourth declension)
      bare forms
      singular plural
      nominative stop stopanna
      vocative a stop a stopanna
      genitive stop stopanna
      dative stop stopanna
      forms with the definite article
      singular plural
      nominative an stop na stopanna
      genitive an stop na stopanna
      dative leis an stop
      don stop       		leis na stopanna

      Synonyms

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      References

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      1. ^ “stop”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
      2. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931), Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 312, page 156
      3. ^ Hamilton, John Noel (1974), A Phonetic Study of the Irish of Tory Island, Co. Donegal (Studies in Irish Language and Literature, Department of Celtic, Q.U.B.; vol. 3), Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University Belfast, page 327

      Further reading

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      Italian

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      Etymology

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        Borrowed from English stop.

        Pronunciation

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        Interjection

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        stop

        1. stop!, halt!

        Noun

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        stop m

        1. stop (roadsign; bus stop etc.; block)

        Anagrams

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        Latvian

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        Etymology

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        Borrowed from English stop.

        Interjection

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        stop!

        1. stop!, halt!

        Old English

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        Pronunciation

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        Verb

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        stōp

        1. first/third-person singular preterite indicative of stæppan

        Polish

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        Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
        Wikipedia pl

        Pronunciation

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        Etymology 1

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        Etymology tree
        Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ
        Proto-Indo-European *-s
        Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰsder.
        Proto-Balto-Slavic *iź
        Proto-Slavic *jьz
        Proto-Slavic *jьz-
        Proto-Indo-European *sem-
        Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-
        Proto-Balto-Slavic *san?
        Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?
        Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm?
        Proto-Slavic *sъ(n)
        Old Polish z-
        Old Polish s-
        Polish s-
        Proto-Indo-European *tep-
        Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
        Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
        Proto-Indo-European *topéyetider.
        Proto-Balto-Slavic *tapīˀtei
        Proto-Slavic *topìti
        Old Polish topić
        Polish topić
        Polish stopićdeverb.
        Polish stop

          Deverbal from stopić.

          Noun

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          stop m inan

          1. (chemistry) alloy (mixture of metals)
            Synonyms: (archaic) aliaż, (obsolete) aligacja
            Mosiądz jest stopem miedzi i cynku. ― Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.
          Declension
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          Declension of stop
          singular plural
          nominative stop stopy
          genitive stopu stopów
          dative stopowi stopom
          accusative stop stopy
          instrumental stopem stopami
          locative stopie stopach
          vocative stopie stopy

          Verb

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          stop

          1. second-person singular imperative of stopić

          Etymology 2

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          Etymology tree
          Middle English stoppen
          English stopbor.
          Polish stop

            Borrowed from English stop. The senses "brake light" and "hitchhiking" are a pseudo-anglicism.

            Interjection

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            stop

            1. cool your heels!, cool your jets!, hold your horses!, stop!, whoa! (slow down)
              Synonyms: hola, wolnego, z wolna
            2. stop!, whoa! (you should not have done/said that)
              Synonyms: hola, wolnego, z wolna

            Noun

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            stop m inan

            1. stop sign
              Jechał dalej, bo nie zauważył stopu.
              He continued to drive because he hadn't noticed the stop sign.
            2. (colloquial) vehicle's brake light
              Uderzyłam w niego, bo nie zaświecił mu się stop i nie wiedziałam, że ostro hamuje.
              I hit his car because his brake light didn't flash and I didn't know he was braking hard.
            3. (colloquial) hitchhiking
              Często podróżuję na stopa.
              I often hitchhike.
            [edit]
            adjectives
            nouns

            Further reading

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            • “stop”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[4] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
            • “stop”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[5] (in Polish)

            Portuguese

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            Etymology

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              Unadapted borrowing from English stop.

              Pronunciation

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              Noun

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              stop m (plural stops)

              1. stop (function or button that causes a device to stop operating)
              2. (uncountable) a game in which the players write on paper one word from each category (animal, fruit, etc.), all beginning with the same letter, as quickly as possible. In Spanish: tutti frutti
                Synonym: adedanha
              3. (stock market) stop loss order (order to close one’s position if the market drops to a specified price level)
              4. (Brazil, colloquial) stop; end (the act of putting a stop to something)
                Precisamos dar um stop na nossa preguiça.
                We need to put an end to our laziness.
              5. (Portugal) stop sign
                Ia sendo atropelado, porque o condutor não parou no stop. ― I was almost run over because the driver did not stop at the stop sign.

              Interjection

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              stop!

              1. said by a player of the game of stop to cease the current turn, after which the players count how many words they wrote

              See also

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              • CEP (acronym of "cidade, estado, país", meaning "city, state, country", a category in the game of stop)

              Further reading

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              Romanian

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              Etymology

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              Borrowed from French stop, from English stop.

              Pronunciation

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              Noun

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              stop n (uncountable)

              1. stop

              Declension

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              singular only indefinite definite
              nominative-accusative stop stopul
              genitive-dative stop stopului
              vocative stopule

              Spanish

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              Etymology

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                Unadapted borrowing from English stop.

                Pronunciation

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                • IPA(key): /esˈtop/ [esˈt̪op]
                • Rhymes: -op,
                • IPA(key): /ˈstop/ [ˈst̪op]
                • Rhymes: -op
                • Syllabification: stop

                Interjection

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                stop

                1. stop

                Usage notes

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                According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.

                Further reading

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                Swedish

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                Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
                Wikipedia sv

                Etymology

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                From Old Norse staup (“small glass for liquor”).

                Noun

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                stop n

                1. a beer mug, a stein
                2. a stoup
                3. (chiefly historical) a unit of volume equal to approximately 1.3 liters

                Declension

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                Declension of stop
                nominative genitive
                singular indefinite stop stops
                definite stopet stopets
                plural indefinite stop stops
                definite stopen stopens

                See also

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                References

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                Anagrams

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