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Where the World’s Highest Temperatures Were Recorded

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Many countries have recorded extreme heat, but a small group stands far above the rest. This map shows the 20 highest officially verified national temperature records, revealing where Earth’s most extreme heat has been measured.

The rankings highlight how deserts across North Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia dominate the upper end of the list, while several countries have broken long-standing records during the past decade.

The data for this visualization comes from the WMO World Weather & Climate Extremes Archive and national meteorological services, using the latest data available as of June 2026.

Death Valley Still Holds the Global Record

The United States remains home to the highest officially recognized air temperature ever measured: 56.7°C (134.1°F), recorded at Furnace Creek in California’s Death Valley in 1913.

Rank	Country	Hottest Temperature Ever (°F)	Location	Year
1	U.S.	134.1	Death Valley, California	1913
2	Tunisia	131.0	Kebili	1931
3	Kuwait	129.2	Mitribah, Al Jahra Governorate	2016
4	Israel	129.2	Tirat Zvi	1942
5	Iraq	129.0	Basra	2016
6	Pakistan	128.7	Turbat	2017
7	Iran	128.7	Ahvaz Airport (OIAW)	2017
8	China	126.0	Turpan, Xinjiang	2023
9	UAE	125.8	Sweihan, Al Ain	2002
10	Mexico	125.6	San Luis Río Colorado, Sonora	1966
11	Saudi Arabia	125.6	Jeddah	2010
12	Oman	124.9	Joba	2021
13	Algeria	124.3	El Bayadh, Province Ouargla	1979
14	Egypt	124.0	Aswan and Asyut	1918
15	Jordan	124.0	Deir Alla	2010
16	India	123.8	Phalodi, Rajasthan	2016
17	Australia	123.3	Oodnadatta, Western Australia	1960
18	Türkiye	122.9	Silopi, Şırnak Province	2025
19	Morocco	122.7	Agadir (Inezgane Airport)	2023
20	Qatar	122.7	Doha	2010

Death Valley’s below-sea-level elevation, dry desert air, and surrounding mountain ranges create one of the hottest environments on Earth.

Although the century-old record has occasionally been debated by researchers, it remains the benchmark recognized by the World Meteorological Organization.

The Middle East Dominates the Rankings

Countries across the Middle East account for many of the world’s highest national temperature records.

Kuwait, Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Israel, and Jordan all recorded temperatures above 50°C.

Nine of the world’s 20 hottest national temperature records come from the Middle East, reflecting the region’s combination of intense solar radiation, arid climates, and prolonged summer heat. Several of these records were also set within the past two decades.

New Records Continue to Be Set

While some of the world’s hottest temperature records are decades old, several countries have updated their national highs in recent years.

China established a new record of 52.2°C in Xinjiang in 2023, Morocco reached 50.4°C the same year, and Türkiye recorded 50.5°C in 2025.

These recent milestones show that even long-standing temperature records can still be surpassed during exceptional heat waves.

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If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Which Countries Have the Largest Forests? on Voronoi.

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Football’s biggest clubs are generating record revenues as commercial partnerships, broadcasting rights, and modern stadiums reshape the sport’s financial landscape.

The latest Deloitte Football Money League 2026 report shows how Europe’s top teams continue to pull away financially, with many now operating as global entertainment brands.

This visualization, created by Iswardi Ishak, ranks the world’s highest-earning football clubs, based on total revenue during the 2024/25 season.

Real Madrid Leads Football’s Billion-Euro Club

Real Madrid sits atop the ranking with €1.16 billion in revenue, becoming the first football club ever to cross the billion-euro threshold.

Rank	Club	2024/25 Revenue (Millions of Euros)
1	Real Madrid	1,161.0
2	FC Barcelona	974.8
3	Bayern Munich	860.6
4	Paris Saint-Germain	837.0
5	Liverpool	836.1
6	Manchester City	829.3
7	Arsenal	821.7
8	Manchester United	793.1
9	Tottenham Hotspur	672.6
10	Chelsea	584.1
11	FC Internazionale Milano	537.5
12	Borussia Dortmund	531.3
13	Atletico De Madrid	454.5
14	Aston Villa	450.2
15	AC Milan	410.4
16	Juventus	401.7
17	Newcastle United	398.4
18	VFB Stuttgart	296.3
19	SL Benfica	283.4
20	West Ham United	276.0

A key factor has been the transformation of the Santiago Bernabéu into a year-round entertainment venue, alongside the club’s continued on-field success. Commercial activities generated nearly €594 million, while broadcasting and matchday revenues contributed another €567 million combined.

England’s Dominance Shows No Signs of Slowing

England’s presence throughout the ranking is impossible to ignore. Eight clubs from the Premier League appear among the top 20, more than any other country.

While Spain boasts the top two clubs, the broader ranking shows the Premier League’s depth. England places six teams inside the top 10 and eight overall in the top 20. Even clubs outside the traditional elite, such as Aston Villa and West Ham United, generate revenues that rival some of Europe’s most historic teams.

The Premier League’s global broadcasting agreements are a major driver behind this dominance. England’s television revenue is distributed broadly enough to support multiple financially competitive teams, while packed stadiums and global commercial partnerships add to the league’s revenue base.

Spain, France, and Europe’s Revenue Leaders

Spain’s strength comes from three globally recognized clubs: Real Madrid, Barcelona, and Atlético Madrid. Real Madrid and Barcelona occupy the top two spots, supported by worldwide fan bases, major commercial deals, and long histories of domestic and international success.

France appears once in the ranking, but Paris Saint-Germain’s €837 million revenue places it fourth overall. PSG’s international profile has expanded significantly over the last decade, driven by star players and growing support across France.

Italy and Germany also remain well represented, with Bayern Munich, Borussia Dortmund, Inter Milan, AC Milan, and Juventus all appearing in the top 20.

The Fuel Behind Football’s Revenue Boom

While trophies still matter, the biggest change in football economics has been the diversification of revenue streams. Modern clubs increasingly generate income through premium hospitality, digital content, licensing deals, stadium events, and international sponsorship agreements.

Real Madrid’s stadium redevelopment is one example of this trend, but similar strategies are being adopted across Europe. As football’s audience continues to grow worldwide, particularly across North America, Asia, and the Middle East, the financial gap between elite clubs and the rest of the sport may continue widening.

For now, the rankings show that football’s biggest winners are not only succeeding on the pitch, they are becoming some of the most powerful sports businesses in the world.

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Football’s popularity extends well beyond Europe. See how the sport compares against America’s traditional favorites in Football Trumps Baseball as the Most American Sport, on the Voronoi app.

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Mapped: Birth Rates Are Falling Even Among Women in Their 30s

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America’s birth slowdown is no longer limited to younger adults. Even women ages 30–34, traditionally one of the country’s peak childbearing groups, are having fewer children across most of the U.S.

This map uses new research based on data from the National Center for Health Statistics to show how birth rates among women ages 30–34 changed across America between 2015 and 2024.

The States Leading the Decline in Birth Rates

Nearly half of 30-year-old American women are now childless, up from just 18% in 1976. That doesn’t necessarily mean they will never have children, but it highlights how dramatically family formation has shifted toward later ages over the past several decades.

Today’s 30-year-olds are reaching many traditional milestones later than previous generations. The median first-time homebuyer is now 35 years old, while the age of first marriage has climbed steadily for decades. As those timelines shift, parenthood often shifts with them.

State	Births per 1,000 Women 2015	Births per 1,000 Women 2024	% Change
District of Columbia	76.0	60.1	-21%
Oregon	94.2	78.4	-17%
Washington	124.3	104.8	-16%
Utah	105.5	88.4	-16%
California	105.5	89.4	-15%
Nevada	93.1	79.6	-15%
Alaska	108.4	93.0	-14%
Delaware	108.7	94.4	-13%
Montana	103.4	90.4	-13%
Vermont	103.1	91.2	-12%
Rhode Island	105.6	93.3	-12%
Illinois	102.7	90.7	-12%
Hawaii	94.1	82.8	-12%
Colorado	100.1	89.7	-10%
Arizona	98.4	89.2	-9%
Maine	107.0	98.4	-8%
Idaho	92.8	85.4	-8%
Pennsylvania	97.2	90.3	-7%
Ohio	101.2	94.1	-7%
Florida	101.1	93.6	-7%
New York	101.8	94.3	-7%
Virginia	105.2	98.3	-7%
Michigan	105.9	98.2	-7%
Wyoming	94.4	87.6	-7%
Massachusetts	109.5	102.4	-6%
Texas	102.0	96.0	-6%
Minnesota	93.7	89.0	-5%
Maryland	106.5	100.7	-5%
North Dakota	121.3	114.8	-5%
Georgia	82.5	78.7	-5%
New Mexico	117.1	111.1	-5%
Oklahoma	90.0	85.3	-5%
New Hampshire	89.1	85.7	-4%
Missouri	96.8	93.4	-4%
Louisiana	103.7	99.5	-4%
New Jersey	84.7	82.0	-3%
Arkansas	105.2	102.5	-3%
Kansas	115.3	112.4	-3%
South Carolina	96.8	94.8	-2%
North Carolina	93.0	90.7	-2%
Indiana	96.9	96.9	0%
Wisconsin	122.4	122.5	0%
South Dakota	107.1	106.7	0%
Alabama	85.6	86.1	1%
Tennessee	106.9	108.5	1%
Connecticut	108.2	109.5	1%
Kentucky	87.8	88.7	1%
Iowa	88.7	89.4	1%
West Virginia	76.3	77.0	1%
Mississippi	78.0	80.0	3%
Nebraska	116.0	118.9	3%
U.S. Average	101.4	93.7	-8%

Washington, D.C. recorded the steepest decline in birth rates among women ages 30–34, down 21% over the period. Oregon, Washington, and Utah followed close behind, while seven of the 10 largest declines occurred in Western states.

By contrast, Indiana, South Dakota, and Wisconsin saw virtually no change.

The States Bucking the National Trend

Only eight states recorded higher birth rates among women ages 30–34 in 2024 than in 2015.

Nebraska and Mississippi recorded the largest increases, with birth rates rising 3% over the period. The states posting gains were concentrated almost entirely in the South and Midwest, with Connecticut standing as the exception.

Many of the states posting gains also tend to have lower housing costs than large coastal markets. While many factors influence fertility, including education, migration, and local demographics, affordability pressures are often cited as one reason families delay having children.

The pattern suggests that the economics of starting a family may be diverging across America, with some regions proving more supportive of family formation than others.

Births Are Rising for Women in Their 40s

The declines among women in their early 30s don’t mean births are disappearing altogether. Instead, they’re increasingly shifting to older ages.

Birth rates rose 5% among women ages 35–39 and 24% among women ages 40–49 over the same period. The contrast suggests the long-running trend toward later parenthood is continuing, although delayed childbearing no longer fully offsets the broader slowdown in births.

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To learn more about this topic, check out this graphic on the global fertility divide.

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Ranked: America’s Best-Selling Albums Ever

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Michael Jackson’s Thriller is often considered the world’s biggest album, but in the United States it doesn’t claim the top spot.

That distinction belongs to the Eagles, whose Their Greatest Hits 1971–1975 remains the only album certified for 40 million units by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

This ranking shows America’s best-selling albums based on RIAA certified units as of June 2026. While today’s charts are dominated by pop and hip hop, the all-time list is still led by classic rock, with only seven of the top 25 albums coming from other genres.

The Eagles Flying High

The Eagles occupy two of the top three spots in the ranking, an achievement no other artist has matched.

Their 1976 compilation album sits in the top spot, while Hotel California, released later the same year, ranks third with 28 million units.

This data table ranks the top-selling albums in U.S. history as of 2026.

Other rock bands also achieved their greatest commercial successes in the same era as the Eagles. AC/DC’s 1980 album Back in Black has sold 27 million units, while Fleetwood Mac’s Rumours (1977), released shortly after Hotel California, has been certified double diamond with 21 million records sold.

Rock has also shown commercial staying power on the RIAA charts through compilation albums. Beyond the Eagles, “greatest hits” albums from Billy Joel (1985), Elton John (1974), Journey (1988), and The Beatles (1973) have all sold millions of records.

The King of Pop

Although the Eagles hold the overall No. 1 spot, Michael Jackson’s Thriller remains America’s best-selling studio album. Certified for 34 million units, the 1982 release is also widely recognized as the world’s best-selling album.

The nine-track studio album, recorded by Jackson and famed producer Quincy Jones, remains the best-selling non-compilation album in U.S. history.

Other non-rock success stories include Bob Marley’s Legend (1984), which has sold over 18 million records, as well as Whitney Houston’s 1992 soundtrack to the film The Bodyguard (19 million).

Adele and the 21st Century

The rankings also highlight how dramatically album sales have changed in the streaming era. While blockbuster albums routinely surpassed 20 million certified units during the CD era, only one album released since 2000 has crossed the 15 million mark in the United States.

Adele’s appropriately titled 21 reached that milestone after spawning massive hits like “Rolling in the Deep,” “Someone Like You,” and “Rumour Has It.”

No album since 21, including from Adele herself, has reached the same level of commercial success in the States. However, changes in how sales are counted across music streaming platforms like Spotify and Apple Music may partially explain the shift.

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The World’s Most and Least Peaceful Countries in 2026

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The world is becoming less peaceful.

According to the 2026 Global Peace Index by the Institute for Economics and Peace, global peacefulness declined for the 12th consecutive year, as armed conflicts, geopolitical fragmentation, and rising military spending continue to reshape international stability.

This ranking shows the world’s most and least peaceful countries across 163 economies, based on 23 indicators measuring societal safety, conflict, and militarization.

The World’s Most Peaceful Countries

Western Europe continues to dominate the top of the rankings, with Iceland retaining first place for the 19th consecutive year. It is joined by New Zealand, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Ireland as the world’s five most peaceful countries.

The table below shows the world’s 30 most peaceful countries.

Rank	Country	2026 Global Peace Index Score (Out of 5)	Region
1	Iceland	1.16	Europe
2	New Zealand	1.34	Asia-Pacific
3	Switzerland	1.36	Europe
4	Slovenia	1.37	Europe
5	Ireland	1.37	Europe
6	Austria	1.42	Europe
7	Portugal	1.43	Europe
8	Singapore	1.44	Asia-Pacific
9	Finland	1.48	Europe
10	Japan	1.49	Asia-Pacific
11	Denmark	1.50	Europe
12	Malaysia	1.51	Asia-Pacific
13	Czechia	1.52	Europe
14	Canada	1.53	Americas
15	Hungary	1.54	Europe
16	Bhutan	1.55	Asia-Pacific
17	Netherlands	1.57	Europe
18	Mauritius	1.59	Africa
19	Latvia	1.59	Europe
20	Australia	1.60	Asia-Pacific
21	Belgium	1.61	Europe
22	Poland	1.62	Europe
23	Croatia	1.62	Europe
24	Lithuania	1.62	Europe
25	Estonia	1.62	Europe
26	Bulgaria	1.63	Europe
27	Spain	1.65	Europe
28	Germany	1.66	Europe
29	Slovakia	1.66	Europe
30	Montenegro	1.67	Europe

The World’s Least Peaceful Countries

At the opposite end of the index, Russia ranks as the least peaceful country, followed by Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ukraine, and Israel.

Rank	Country	2026 Global Peace Index Score (Out of 5)	Region
163	Russia	3.37	Europe
162	Sudan	3.20	Africa
161	DR Congo	3.19	Africa
160	Ukraine	3.18	Europe
159	Israel	3.12	Middle East
158	South Sudan	3.12	Africa
157	Afghanistan	3.11	Asia-Pacific
156	Yemen	3.08	Middle East
155	Syria	3.07	Middle East
154	Mali	3.00	Africa
153	Somalia	2.97	Africa
152	Pakistan	2.92	Asia-Pacific
151	Myanmar	2.91	Asia-Pacific
150	Central African Republic	2.91	Africa
149	Burkina Faso	2.88	Africa
148	Palestine	2.88	Middle East
147	North Korea	2.85	Asia-Pacific
146	Niger	2.83	Africa
145	Chad	2.77	Africa
144	Iran	2.76	Middle East
143	Haiti	2.76	Americas
142	Nigeria	2.76	Africa
141	Colombia	2.74	Americas
140	Iraq	2.66	Middle East
139	Mexico	2.65	Americas
138	Ethiopia	2.65	Africa
137	Cameroon	2.63	Africa
136	Türkiye	2.61	Middle East
135	Ecuador	2.54	Americas
134	U.S.	2.54	Americas

The World Is Becoming Less Peaceful

The rankings reflect a world where conflict is becoming both more widespread and more persistent.

Since 2008, 119 countries have become less peaceful, and the trend is continuing. Over the past year alone, 99 countries saw their peace scores deteriorate, compared with just 62 that improved.

A surge in armed conflict is a major reason why. The world is experiencing more active state-based conflicts than at any time since World War II, while the number of countries involved in conflicts beyond their borders is up nearly 75% since 2008.

Meanwhile, governments are continuing to bolster their militaries. Global military spending has now risen for 10 consecutive years, reflecting a world increasingly shaped by geopolitical rivalry and security concerns.

Why the U.S. Fell to 134th

The United States ranked 134th out of 163 countries, falling six places from last year.

The decline was driven primarily by worsening political instability and an increase in violent demonstrations, which contributed to lower scores for societal safety and security. Today, political violence in the U.S. is at its highest level since the 1970s.

While the U.S. remains one of the world’s leading economic and military powers, the Global Peace Index measures a country’s level of peacefulness rather than its economic strength or geopolitical influence.

The report also points to declining trust in institutions as a factor weighing on America’s long-term trajectory. Together, these trends pushed the U.S. into the bottom 30 countries globally for peacefulness in 2026.

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To learn more about this topic, check out this graphic showing global military spending in 2025.

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While immigration often dominates discussions about Europe’s changing population, another migration trend receives far less attention: many countries are also losing their own native-born citizens.

This visualization, created by DataPulse using Eurostat data, ranks selected European countries by the net migration of native-born residents in 2024. Only Lithuania and Bulgaria recorded net gains, while Germany, Italy, Sweden, and several other major economies saw more locally born citizens leave than return.

The pattern reflects a mix of economic opportunity, housing affordability, demographic change, and labor mobility within Europe, all of which are reshaping where people choose to build their careers and lives.

The Countries Seeing the Biggest Losses

The table below shows net migration of native-born citizens per 1,000 inhabitants across selected European countries.

Country	Native-Born Net Migration (Per 1,000 inhabitants)
Lithuania	2.67
Bulgaria	0.88
Czechia	-0.13
Slovenia	-0.29
Finland	-0.40
Slovakia	-0.53
Norway	-0.57
Spain	-0.65
Croatia	-0.88
Austria	-0.88
Netherlands	-0.97
Germany	-1.08
Italy	-1.10
Romania	-1.15
Estonia	-1.20
Sweden	-1.23
Belgium	-1.27
Luxembourg	-2.35

Lithuania stands out with a positive rate of 2.67 per 1,000 inhabitants, while Bulgaria also records a modest gain. At the opposite end, Luxembourg posted the largest net loss, followed by Belgium, Sweden, Estonia, and Romania.

Notably, several of Europe’s largest economies, including Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands, also show negative balances, indicating that more native-born residents are leaving than returning.

Why Are Native Europeans Leaving?

For many workers, especially younger and highly educated professionals, migration is driven by the search for better wages, stronger career prospects, and improved quality of life. Countries in Eastern and Southern Europe have long experienced outward migration toward larger labor markets in Western Europe.

At the same time, rising housing costs, labor shortages, and demographic pressures are encouraging some workers to look beyond their home countries. Similar dynamics can be seen globally, where migration increasingly plays a role in population growth and workforce sustainability.

A Growing Demographic Challenge

Population researchers increasingly warn that migration alone cannot fully offset Europe’s broader demographic headwinds. Fertility rates remain below replacement levels across much of the continent, while populations continue to age.

When highly skilled workers leave and do not return, the effects can extend beyond population figures. Regions may face slower economic growth, labor shortages, and reduced innovation capacity. As Europe navigates demographic decline, retaining talent may become just as important as attracting newcomers.

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Migration patterns continue to reshape economies and societies around the world. Explore Visualizing the World’s Busiest Migration Corridors on the Voronoi app to see how people move between countries at a global scale.

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Ranked: The World’s 50 Most Valuable Companies

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Technology has become the world’s dominant equity market sector. Nowhere is that more apparent than among the world’s largest companies by market capitalization.

This graphic visualizes the world’s 50 largest companies by market capitalization using June 2026 data from CompaniesMarketCap.

NVIDIA is the world’s most valuable company, with a market capitalization of $4.8 trillion. It is followed by Apple ($4.3 trillion) and Google parent Alphabet ($4.2 trillion).

Technology Dominates the Rankings

These three companies are far from alone. Technology accounts for 22 of the world’s 50 most valuable companies, including SpaceX ($2.1 trillion), which went public in June 2026.

The following table lists the world’s most valuable companies by market capitalization.

Rank	Name	June 2026 Market Cap (in trillions)	Sector
1	NVIDIA	4.85	Technology
2	Apple	4.32	Technology
3	Alphabet	4.22	Technology
4	Microsoft	2.78	Technology
5	Amazon	2.52	Consumer Discretionary
6	TSMC	2.26	Technology
7	SpaceX	2.06	Technology
8	Broadcom	1.81	Technology
9	Saudi Aramco	1.70	Energy
10	Samsung	1.45	Technology
11	Tesla	1.43	Consumer Discretionary
12	Meta	1.43	Technology
13	SK Hynix	1.19	Technology
14	Micron Technology	1.19	Technology
15	Berkshire Hathaway	1.06	Financials
16	Eli Lilly	0.99	Health Care
17	Walmart	0.95	Consumer Staples
18	JPMorgan Chase	0.90	Financials
19	AMD	0.85	Technology
20	ASML	0.69	Technology
21	Intel	0.67	Technology
22	Visa	0.63	Financials
23	Exxon Mobil	0.58	Energy
24	Johnson & Johnson	0.58	Health Care
25	Tencent	0.49	Technology
26	Cisco	0.48	Technology
27	Oracle	0.48	Technology
28	Applied Materials	0.47	Technology
29	Lam Research	0.46	Technology
30	Caterpillar	0.45	Industrials
31	Mastercard	0.43	Financials
32	Costco	0.43	Consumer Staples
33	AbbVie	0.42	Health Care
34	Bank of America	0.41	Financials
35	Arm Holdings	0.39	Technology
36	China Construction Bank	0.38	Financials
37	General Electric	0.37	Industrials
38	UnitedHealth	0.37	Health Care
39	Morgan Stanley	0.36	Financials
40	Procter & Gamble	0.35	Consumer Staples
41	Chevron	0.35	Energy
42	Coca-Cola	0.35	Consumer Staples
43	Roche	0.33	Health Care
44	HSBC	0.33	Financials
45	Agricultural Bank of China	0.33	Financials
46	Home Depot	0.32	Consumer Discretionary
47	Goldman Sachs	0.32	Financials
48	KLA	0.32	Technology
49	KIOXIA Holdings	0.31	Technology
50	ICBC	0.31	Financials

Other technology giants have also surpassed the trillion-dollar mark, including Microsoft ($2.8 trillion), Broadcom ($1.8 trillion), and Meta ($1.4 trillion), the parent company of Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp.

Non-U.S. companies are also well represented. TSMC, the world’s largest independent semiconductor foundry, is valued at $2.3 trillion, while South Korea’s Samsung has a market capitalization of $1.5 trillion.

The ongoing AI data center boom has helped drive valuations across the semiconductor and technology industries, benefiting companies throughout the AI supply chain.

The Oil Titans in 2026

Saudi Aramco is the world’s most valuable energy company, with a market capitalization of $1.7 trillion. Its 2019 initial public offering was the largest in history by gross proceeds raised at the time.

It is followed by two American oil supermajors, ExxonMobil ($579 billion) and Chevron ($350 billion), both headquartered in the Houston area. Unlike Saudi Aramco, neither company is state-owned.

Financial Dominance in the U.S.

The U.S. is home to the world’s most valuable financial companies, led by Berkshire Hathaway ($1.1 trillion), JPMorgan Chase ($895 billion), and Visa ($625 billion).

Three Chinese state-owned banks have market capitalizations exceeding $300 billion: Agricultural Bank of China, China Construction Bank, and ICBC.

Europe’s lone representative among the world’s most valuable financial companies is Britain’s HSBC, with a market capitalization of more than $328 billion. As of 2026, HSBC is Europe’s second-largest bank by assets, behind France’s BNP Paribas.

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Curious who’s leading these massive firms? Check out The Highest Paid CEOs of S&P 500 Companies on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

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U.S. Cities by Family Income Needed to Live Comfortably

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A six-figure household income no longer guarantees financial comfort in many parts of the United States.

For families of four, the income needed to cover everyday expenses, enjoy discretionary spending, and save for the future now varies by more than $200,000 between major cities.

This graphic ranks 56 major U.S. cities by the annual family income needed to live comfortably, based on SmartAsset estimates using the MIT Living Wage Calculator and the widely used 50/30/20 budgeting framework, which allocates income across needs, wants, and savings.

California Dominates the Most Expensive Cities

California accounts for seven of the top 20 cities on the list, reflecting the state’s high housing and living costs.

San Francisco tops the ranking, requiring an annual household income of nearly $408,000, followed closely by nearby San Jose at roughly $403,000.

Oakland, Irvine, San Diego, Los Angeles, and Sacramento also rank among the nation’s most expensive places for families.

Housing remains one of the biggest drivers of these high income requirements. Limited housing supply, strong demand, and elevated home prices continue to push both ownership and rental costs well above the national average in many California metro areas.

High Costs Extend Beyond the Coasts

While coastal metros dominate the top of the ranking, high income requirements are no longer limited to the coasts.

Cities including Denver, Minneapolis, Madison, and Colorado Springs now require annual household incomes above $260,000, showing how rising housing and everyday living costs have spread well beyond traditional high-cost markets.

Meanwhile, cities such as Boston, Arlington, Washington, D.C., and New York continue to rank among the country’s most expensive urban centers. These areas combine elevated housing costs with higher prices for transportation, childcare, and everyday services.

Southern Cities Offer Lower Income Thresholds

Southern cities generally have the lowest income thresholds in the dataset, but “lower” remains relative.

Even San Antonio, which ranks as the most affordable city in this comparison, still requires roughly $193,000 in annual household income for a family of four to comfortably follow the 50/30/20 budgeting framework. Memphis, New Orleans, Houston, and Jacksonville round out the five lowest-cost cities.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

To learn more about this topic, check out this graphic showing where wealth is moving in America.

This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.

The world is getting older, and in some countries, seniors already make up more than one-quarter of the population.

This visualization, created by Iswardi Ishak, ranks countries by the share of their population aged 65 and above, using World Bank data.

Some Countries Are Aging Faster

The table below shows the countries with the highest share of residents aged 65 and older.

Rank	Country	% of seniors in population
1	Monaco	36.17
2	Japan	29.78
3	Puerto Rico (US)	24.72
4	Italy	24.62
5	Portugal	24.53
6	Greece	23.94
7	Finland	23.90
8	Germany	23.20
9	Croatia	23.19
10	Isle of Man (UK)	23.15
11	Virgin Islands (U.S.)	22.69
12	Serbia	22.69
13	Hong Kong SAR, China	22.67
14	San Marino	22.41
15	Bosnia and Herzegovina	22.23
16	France	22.15
17	Bulgaria	22.03
18	European Union	22.01
19	Slovenia	21.77
20	Bermuda (UK)	21.74
21	Latvia	21.74
22	Estonia	21.30
23	Spain	21.15
24	Hungary	20.99
25	Denmark	20.87
26	Czechia	20.85
27	Sweden	20.75
28	Liechtenstein	20.73
29	Austria	20.61
30	Belgium	20.56
31	Netherlands	20.50
32	Malta	20.21
33	Lithuania	20.17
34	Poland	20.14
35	Switzerland	20.02
36	Romania	19.98
37	Canada	19.80
38	United Kingdom	19.5
39	South Korea	19.27
40	Ukraine	18.96
41	Norway	18.79
42	Slovak Republic	18.54
43	St. Martin (French part)	18.41
44	North Macedonia	18.02
45	United States	17.93
46	Montenegro	17.83
47	Faroe Islands (UK)	17.74
48	Australia	17.73
49	Belarus	17.67
50	Gibraltar	17.62
51	New Zealand	17.20
52	Russian Federation	17.18
53	Aruba	17.06
54	Albania	16.92
55	Curacao	16.78
56	Cuba	16.57
57	Barbados	16.55
58	Moldova	16.21
59	Uruguay	16.05
60	Andorra	15.95
61	Ireland	15.89
62	Iceland	15.64
63	Georgia	15.64
64	Luxembourg	15.48
65	Thailand	15.36
66	China	14.67
67	Cyprus	14.62
68	Macao SAR, China	14.27
69	Chile	14.14
70	Sint Maarten (Dutch part)	13.94
71	Armenia	13.70
72	Singapore	13.66
73	Mauritius	13.53
74	Dominica	12.96
75	Guam	12.60
76	Israel	12.55
77	Argentina	12.42
78	Korea, Dem. People's Rep.	12.40
79	Trinidad and Tobago	12.38
80	Grenada	12.24
81	Costa Rica	12.23
82	Sri Lanka	12.10
83	St. Vincent and the Grenadines	11.89
84	Antigua and Barbuda	11.78
85	Bahamas, The	11.78
86	New Caledonia	11.43
87	Palau	11.34
88	French Polynesia	11.32
89	Turks and Caicos Islands	11.25
90	St. Kitts and Nevis	11.23
91	Brazil	11.05
92	Greenland	10.81
93	Turkiye	10.28
94	Lebanon	10.14
95	Kosovo	10.07
96	Colombia	9.78
97	Northern Mariana Islands	9.75
98	Venezuela	9.68
99	British Virgin Islands	9.62
100	St. Lucia	9.62
101	Tunisia	9.53
102	Panama	9.35
103	Peru	9.23
104	Vietnam	9.05
105	Cayman Islands (UK)	9.00
106	Kazakhstan	8.65
107	Azerbaijan	8.56
108	Seychelles	8.54
109	Ecuador	8.34
110	Mexico	8.25
111	Iran	8.24
112	Jamaica	8.21
113	El Salvador	8.15
114	Morocco	8.14
115	American Samoa	8.04
116	Suriname	7.90
117	Dominican Republic	7.88
118	Malaysia	7.74
119	Myanmar	7.30
120	Indonesia	7.29
121	India	7.15
122	Brunei Darussalam	6.87
123	Cabo Verde	6.86
124	Guyana	6.73
125	Tonga	6.72
126	South Africa	6.69
127	Tuvalu	6.67
128	Algeria	6.58
129	Paraguay	6.54
130	Nepal	6.50
131	Bangladesh	6.50
132	Bhutan	6.49
133	Fiji	6.49
134	Cambodia	6.16
135	Micronesia, Fed. Sts.	5.95
136	Samoa	5.88
137	Uzbekistan	5.86
138	Kyrgyz Republic	5.68
139	Bolivia	5.64
140	Nicaragua	5.53
141	Philippines	5.49
142	Timor-Leste	5.28
143	Mongolia	5.14
144	Egypt	5.12
145	Belize	5.02
146	Libya	5.02
147	Djibouti	4.85
148	Guatemala	4.85
149	Syria	4.74
150	Haiti	4.71
151	Laos	4.67
152	Marshall Islands	4.64
153	Maldives	4.64
154	Turkmenistan	4.53
155	Jordan	4.52
156	Comoros	4.47
157	Honduras	4.42
158	Vanuatu	4.30
159	Pakistan	4.28
160	Eswatini	4.26
161	Kiribati	4.24
162	Eritrea	4.2
163	Gabon	4.08
164	Botswana	4.04
165	Rwanda	3.93
166	Sao Tome and Principe	3.90
167	Lesotho	3.86
168	Bahrain	3.85
169	Tajikistan	3.85
170	West Bank and Gaza	3.84
171	Ghana	3.71
172	Equatorial Guinea	3.69
173	Namibia	3.67
174	Solomon Islands	3.64
175	Senegal	3.62
176	Zimbabwe	3.60
177	Papua New Guinea	3.46
178	Guinea	3.46
179	Iraq	3.41
180	Madagascar	3.41
181	Liberia	3.30
182	Sudan	3.30
183	Sierra Leone	3.24
184	Ethiopia	3.23
185	Mauritania	3.23
186	Togo	3.21
187	Guinea-Bissau	3.19
188	Benin	3.12
189	Kuwait	3.10
190	Gambia, The	3.08
191	Congo, Dem. Rep.	3.08
192	Nigeria	3.05
193	Tanzania	3.05
194	South Sudan	2.99
195	Congo, Rep.	2.99
196	Kenya	2.97
197	Saudi Arabia	2.95
198	Angola	2.85
199	Nauru	2.85
200	Cameroon	2.79
201	Mozambique	2.75
202	Burkina Faso	2.65
203	Oman	2.64
204	Cote d'Ivoire	2.61
205	Niger	2.59
206	Somalia	2.59
207	Malawi	2.59
208	Burundi	2.53
209	Yemen	2.52
210	Afghanistan	2.40
211	Mali	2.38
212	Uganda	2.19
213	Central African Republic	2.15
214	Chad	2.10
215	Zambia	1.95
216	United Arab Emirates	1.77
217	Qatar	1.68

Monaco is a clear outlier, with more than one in three residents aged 65 or older.

Japan follows at nearly 30%, while Southern and Eastern Europe account for much of the rest of the top 15. Together, these rankings show how population aging has become concentrated in advanced economies with decades of low fertility and long life expectancy.

Europe Dominates the Aging Rankings

Europe’s high senior shares reflect decades of below-replacement fertility and rising life expectancy. Countries such as Italy, Portugal, Greece, and Germany now have more than one in five residents aged 65 or older, making Europe the world’s oldest region by this measure.

Outside Europe, smaller territories and economies including Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Hong Kong, and San Marino also rank near the top.

The Workforce Impact

As populations age, the balance between workers and retirees shifts. A smaller working-age population can slow economic growth while increasing demand for pensions, healthcare, and long-term care.

These demographic changes are already reshaping labor markets in many countries, encouraging employers to retain older workers, automate routine tasks, and find new ways to address labor shortages.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

To see how aging trends could evolve over the rest of the century, check out Ranked: Top 25 Countries With the Most Seniors in 2025, 2050, 2075, & 2100 on Voronoi.
Changes made

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Ranked: America’s Best-Selling Car Companies in 2025

See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.

The U.S. remains one of the world’s largest auto markets, with more than 16 million vehicles sold domestically in 2025.

This graphic visualizes U.S. vehicle sales by automaker using 2025 data from F&I Tools.

The rankings reveal how foreign brands have steadily gained ground in America, while Tesla, despite its global prominence and market valuation, sold fewer than 600,000 vehicles in the country.

America’s Big Three in 2025

The Big Three of U.S. carmakers have long been Chrysler, Ford, and General Motors (GM). In 2025, GM logged the most U.S. car sales of any firm, with nearly 2.9 million units moved. Ford, for its part, had over 2.2 million sales.

Chrysler was acquired by Italian carmaker Fiat in 2014. The resulting Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) then merged with the French PSA Group in 2021 to form a new multinational firm, Stellantis, which is headquartered in the Netherlands while its CEO operates from the U.S. state of Michigan. In 2025, Stellantis recorded nearly 1.3 million U.S. car sales.

This data table lists U.S. auto sales in 2025 by automaker.

While GM remains the top automaker in the United States, its fellow Big Three firms have struggled with foreign competitors.

Stellantis is just the sixth-largest car seller in the U.S. as of 2025, while Ford has been surpassed by Japanese giant Toyota, which sold over 2.5 million cars domestically. Japanese cars’ engineering, cost-effectiveness, and relative gas mileage have all contributed to their strong sales.

International Car Sales in the U.S.

Toyota is not the only international auto group with impressive U.S. sales. Fellow Japanese carmakers Honda (1.4 million), Mazda (411,451), Nissan (928,381), and Subaru (643,547) have also proven popular options for U.S. buyers.

Hyundai Motor Group, the giant Korean auto group that includes Kia, sold nearly 1.8 million cars in 2025, while smaller British and Swedish firms like JLR (93,400) and Volvo (121,165) have maintained more niche consumer bases.

Then there are the Germans. Volkswagen (587,655), BMW (417,867), and Mercedes-Benz (343,200) combined sold over a million cars in the U.S. in 2025, far below domestic carmakers like Ford and GM.

The Dragon in the Room

One country that has not been able to penetrate the U.S. market in a visible way is China.

While Chinese firms like BYD, Geely, and Great Wall Motors have proven incredibly successful worldwide, sweeping U.S. tariffs on these manufacturers have blocked them from the lucrative American market.

Both protectionist and national security reasoning has been given for these trade barriers. As a result, the U.S. remains one of the few countries worldwide where European and Japanese automakers are far outselling their Chinese counterparts.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Will American Consumers Buy Cars Made in China? on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.