Halva
| Halva | |
|---|---|
confection (en)  , Sweet confectionery products (ОКП 91 2000) (en) , Sugar confectionery (including white chocolate), not containing cocoa (en) da pastry (en) | |
 | |
| Kayan haɗi |
Semolina sukari gari Mai corn starch (en) sunflower seed (en) sesame seed (en) |
Halva ( also halvah, halwa, halua ; Persian ) wani nau'in kayan zaki ne da aka yaɗa a ko'ina cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka, Gabashin Afirka, Gabashin Turai, da kuma Balkans, Tsakiyar Asiya, da Kudancin Asiya . Sunan yana nufin nau'ikan girke-girke iri-iri, galibi manna mai kauri da aka yi da fulawa, man shanu, mai, saffron, ruwan fure, madara, garin kurkum, da sukari. [1] [2]
Asalin Ma'anar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kalmar halva ta shiga harshen Turanci tsakanin 1840 da 1850 daga Romanian, wanda ya fito daga Ottoman Turkish , da kansa daga ƙarshe ya samo asali ne daga Arabic , wani kayan zaki mai daɗi. [3] [4] Tushen Arabic: , yana nufin "mai daɗi". [5] Sunan Farisa don kayan ƙanshi shine Persian , ma'ana "abincin mai". [6]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Halva ya samo asali ne daga Farisa ( Iran ta zamani). [6] A ƙarni na 9, an yi amfani da kalmar ga nau'ikan alewa da yawa, gami da semolina da aka dafa mai daɗi ko manna gari da aka saba da shi. [1] [3] An rubuta girke-girke na farko na halva a cikin littafin girke-girke na Larabci na ƙarni na 13 Kitab al-Tabikh ( Littafin Abinci ), da kuma wani littafin girke-girke da ba a san sunansa ba daga Al-Andalus na ƙarni na 13.
Athenaeus ya ambaci wani tsohon abincin Girka mai suna " sesamidios " ( Tsohon Girkanci : σησαμίδιός), wanda aka bayyana a matsayin kek mai siffar zobe da aka yi da zuma, soyayyen tsaban sesame, da mai; ana ɗaukar wannan abincin iri ɗaya ne da sigar halva da aka yi da tsaban sesame. An kuma ci Halva a Daular Byzantine, inda aka tabbatar da shi sosai. Daga baya, Turkawa na Ottoman suka karɓe shi, gami da sigar da aka yi da tsaban sesame, kuma suka bazu a cikin daularsu. [3] Bayanin halwa da aka yi da tsaban sesame (wanda ake kira Arabic ) za a iya samu a cikin ƙamus na 1844 na masanin Gabas na Sweden Jacob Berggren, a cewar mujallar Al Adib, an kafa masana'antar tahini halwa tun a shekarar 1874 a Beirut .
Nau'o'i
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yawancin nau'ikan halva suna da ɗanɗanon dandano mai yawa wanda aka yi wa zaki da sukari ko zuma . Duk da haka, yanayinsu ya bambanta. Misali, yanayin halva na semolina na iya kasancewa daga couscous mai man shanu, mai danshi, mai dunƙulewa [7] zuwa wani abu mai gelatinous da translucent, yayin da halva na sesame ya bushe kuma ya fi ruɓewa.
Halva mai tushen hatsi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ana yin halva da aka yi da hatsi ta hanyar gasa gari ko sitaci a cikin mai, a haɗa shi da roux, sannan a dafa shi da syrup mai sukari. Ba kasafai ake amfani da masara ba.
Abincin da aka yi da alkama semolina sun haɗa da suji ka halwa a Indiya, Pakistan, Shujir Halua a Bangladesh da irmik helvası a Turkiyya. A cikin duka jita-jita, ana gasa semolina a cikin mai, ko dai mai ko man shanu, sannan a gauraya da ruwa ko madara da sukari don cimma ɗanɗano da daidaiton da ake so. Sohan halwa da aka yi da alkama a arewacin Indiya da Pakistan sanannen abinci ne da ake yi ta hanyar haɗa garin alkama da madara, sukari, man shanu mai haske, cardamom, saffron, da goro kamar almond da pistachios. Ana dafa haɗin a hankali, wanda ke ba da damar sukari ya yi caramel, wanda ke ba Sōhan halvā yanayinsa na musamman mai ƙarfi da karyewa.
Ana ɗaukar garin shinkafar halva da aka yi da madara, wanda aka fi sani da Pathein halawa, a matsayin abincin Burma da aka samo asali daga birnin Pathein .
Sesame
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sesame halva yana da shahara a yankin Balkans, Poland, Gabas ta Tsakiya, da sauran yankunan da ke kewaye da Tekun Bahar Rum.
Babban sinadaran da ke cikin wannan kayan zaki sune man shanu ko manna na sesame ( tahini ), da sukari, glucose ko zuma. [1] Soapwort [2] [3] (wanda ake kira 'erq al halaweh a Larabci; çöven a cikin harshen Turkanci), ko kuma ana ƙara farin kwai a wasu girke-girke don daidaita mai a cikin cakuda ko ƙirƙirar yanayi na musamman don dandanon da ke fitowa. Sauran sinadarai da dandano, kamar goro na pistachio, foda koko, ruwan lemu, vanilla, ko cakulan galibi ana ƙara su a cikin tushen tahini da sukari. [1] [4]
Furen rana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Halva na sunflower yana da shahara a ƙasashen tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet da kuma a Bulgaria da Romania . [8] An yi shi da gaurayen tsaban sunflower da aka niƙa maimakon sesame. Yana iya haɗawa da wasu sinadarai, kamar goro, garin koko, ko vanilla. [9] A shekarar 1996, Ukraine tana samar da kimanin tan dubu 4-5 na sunflower halva kowace shekara.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 Empty citation (help) Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Davidson" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ Szokovski, Miriam. "How to Make Halva at Home". Archived from the original on August 12, 2024.
- 1 2 3 Empty citation (help) Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Marks_Encyclopedia" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ Rebello, Tania (December 10, 2025). "Bahraini Halwa: A Sweet Symbol of Heritage, Harmony, and Home". DT News (The Daily Tribune) (in Turanci). Archived from the original on December 10, 2025. Retrieved 2026-01-22.
- ↑ "American Heritage Dictionary". Archived from the original on April 5, 2025. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
- 1 2 Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-04-23.
The origin of ḥalwā in Persia dates from the pre-Islamic period. References are found in the Middle Persian text of Xōsrōv ud rēdak (ed. Monchi-zadeh, secs. 38-40) to two kinds of sweetmeats (rōγn xwardīg): (1) summer sweetmeats, such as lōzēnag (made with almond), gōzēnag (made with walnut), and čarb-angušt (made from the fat of bustard or gazelle and fried in walnut oil); and (2) winter sweetmeats, such as wafrēnagītabarzad flavored with coriander (gišnīz ačārag). Many references are found to ḥalwā in classical Persian texts, but rarely do they provide details concerning ingredients.
Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ "Suji ka Halwa | Sheera Recipe". July 3, 2021.
- ↑ Nistor, E.; Hoha, G.; Usturoi, M.; Alley, M. S. (2014). "Comparison of three sunflower halva assortments from Romanian market" (PDF). Analele Universității din Oradea, Fascicula: Ecotoxicologie, Zootehnie și Tehnologii de Industrie Alimentară. 14 (B): 329–336. S2CID 54789320.
- ↑ "Халва". ГОССТАНДАРТ. "Halva" (in Rashanci). GOSSTANDART. Archived from the original on January 13, 2021. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
