About

I am an interdisciplinary scholar studying the science of intelligence and how to make AI models more creative. I'm interested in:

  • Developing AI methods and systems that exhibit creative behavior.
  • Uncovering the fundamental, scientific principles of creativity governing minds and machines.

Previously, I was a visiting researcher at the Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing, Berkeley. I did my undergrad at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, where I studied theoretical computer science.

Recent News

  1. 2/2 papers accepted at the ICML 2026 Workshop on Generative AI & Creativity.

  2. Received the Lambda AI Research Grant.

  3. 🏆 Best Short Paper Award at ICCC 2025 for Transformational Creativity in Science: A Graphical Theory.

  4. Started as a visiting graduate researcher at the Simons Institute, UC Berkeley.

  5. Pivoted from ML theory to cognitive science.

Selected Publications

2026

Plot-twist cluster UMAP figure

TwistBench: Benchmarking Transformational Creativity in LLMs via Literary Plot Twists

S. Schapiro, A. Gladstone, H. Ji, R. E. Beaty

Under review, COLM 2026 Workshop on Scientific Understanding of Foundation Models.

DRAT concept figure

Assessing the Creativity of Large Language Models: Testing, Limits, and New Frontiers

S. Schapiro, A. Gladstone, J. Black, H. Ji

Accepted at the ICML 2026 Workshop on Generative AI & Creativity. Under review, 40th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS).

CreativityNeuro teaser figure

CreativityNeuro: Steering Large Language Model Weights to Improve Divergent Thinking

S. Schapiro, C. Francisco Park, F. Sosa, L. R. Varshney

Accepted at the ICML 2026 Workshop on Generative AI & Creativity. Under review, Third Conference on Language Modeling (COLM).

Combinatorial Creativity figure

Combinatorial Creativity: A New Frontier in Generalization Abilities

S. Schapiro, S. Shashidhar, A. Gladstone, J. Black, R. Moon, D. Hakkani-Tur, L. R. Varshney

Preprint

2025

Transformational Creativity in Science figure

Transformational Creativity in Science: A Graphical Theory

S. Schapiro, J. Black, L. R. Varshney

Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computational Creativity (ICCC) — Best Short Paper Award

Spark pipeline figure

Spark: A System for Scientifically Creative Idea Generation

A. Sanyal, S. Schapiro, S. Shashidhar, R. Moon, L. R. Varshney, D. Hakkani-Tur

Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computational Creativity (ICCC)

2024

Towards Understanding the Role of Sharpness-Aware Minimization Algorithms for Out-of-Distribution Generalization

S. Schapiro, H. Zhao

Undergraduate thesis, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign