How to bypass python function definition with decorator?

While @decorator syntax looks nice, you get the exact same behaviour as desired with a simple if.

linux = platform.system() == "Linux"
windows = platform.system() == "Windows"
macos = platform.system() == "Darwin"

if linux:
    def my_callback(*args, **kwargs):
        print("Doing something @ Linux")
        return

if windows:
    def my_callback(*args, **kwargs):
        print("Doing something @ Windows")
        return

If required, this also allows to easily enforce that some case did match.

if linux:
    def my_callback(*args, **kwargs):
        print("Doing something @ Linux")
        return

elif windows:
    def my_callback(*args, **kwargs):
        print("Doing something @ Windows")
        return

else:
     raise NotImplementedError("This platform is not supported")

The code below works by conditionally defining a decorated function based on the value of platform.system. If platform.system matches a chosen string, the function will be passed through as-is. But when platform.system doesn't match up, and if no valid definition has been given yet, the function gets replaced by one that raises a NotImplemented error.

I've only tested this code on Linux systems, so be sure to test it yourself before using it on a different platform.

import platform
from functools import wraps
from typing import Callable, Optional


def implement_for_os(os_name: str):
    """
    Produce a decorator that defines a function only if the
    platform returned by `platform.system` matches the given `os_name`.
    Otherwise, replace the function with one that raises `NotImplementedError`.
    """
    def decorator(previous_definition: Optional[Callable]):
        def _decorator(func: Callable):
            if previous_definition and hasattr(previous_definition, '_implemented_for_os'):
                # This function was already implemented for this platform. Leave it unchanged.
                return previous_definition
            elif platform.system() == os_name:
                # The current function is the correct impementation for this platform.
                # Mark it as such, and return it unchanged.
                func._implemented_for_os = True
                return func
            else:
                # This function has not yet been implemented for the current platform
                @wraps(func)
                def _not_implemented(*args, **kwargs):
                    raise NotImplementedError(
                        f"The function {func.__name__} is not defined"
                        f" for the platform {platform.system()}"
                    )

                return _not_implemented
        return _decorator

    return decorator


implement_linux = implement_for_os('Linux')

implement_windows = implement_for_os('Windows')

Note that implement_for_os isn't a decorator itself. Its job is to build decorators when given a string matching the platform you want to the decorator to respond to.

A complete example looks like the following:

@implement_linux(None)
def some_function():
    print('Linux')

@implement_windows(some_function)
def some_function():
   print('Windows')

implement_other_platform = implement_for_os('OtherPlatform')

@implement_other_platform(some_function)
def some_function():
   print('Other platform')

I wrote my code before read other answers. After I finished my code, I found @Todd's code is the best answer. Anyway I post my answer because I felt fun while I was solving this problem. I learned new things thanks to this good question. The drawback of my code is that there exists overhead to retrieve dictionaries every time functions are called.

from collections import defaultdict
import inspect
import os


class PlatformFunction(object):
    mod_funcs = defaultdict(dict)

    @classmethod
    def get_function(cls, mod, func_name):
        return cls.mod_funcs[mod][func_name]

    @classmethod
    def set_function(cls, mod, func_name, func):
        cls.mod_funcs[mod][func_name] = func


def linux(func):
    frame_info = inspect.stack()[1]
    mod = inspect.getmodule(frame_info.frame)
    if os.environ['OS'] == 'linux':
        PlatformFunction.set_function(mod, func.__name__, func)

    def call(*args, **kwargs):
        return PlatformFunction.get_function(mod, func.__name__)(*args,
                                                                 **kwargs)

    return call


def windows(func):
    frame_info = inspect.stack()[1]
    mod = inspect.getmodule(frame_info.frame)
    if os.environ['OS'] == 'windows':
        PlatformFunction.set_function(mod, func.__name__, func)

    def call(*args, **kwargs):
        return PlatformFunction.get_function(mod, func.__name__)(*args,
                                                                 **kwargs)

    return call


@linux
def myfunc(a, b):
    print('linux', a, b)


@windows
def myfunc(a, b):
    print('windows', a, b)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    myfunc(1, 2)

A clean solution would be to create a dedicated function registry that dispatches on sys.platform. This is very similar to functools.singledispatch. This function's source code provides a good starting point for implementing a custom version:

import functools
import sys
import types


def os_dispatch(func):
    registry = {}

    def dispatch(platform):
        try:
            return registry[platform]
        except KeyError:
            return registry[None]

    def register(platform, func=None):
        if func is None:
            if isinstance(platform, str):
                return lambda f: register(platform, f)
            platform, func = platform.__name__, platform  # it is a function
        registry[platform] = func
        return func

    def wrapper(*args, **kw):
        return dispatch(sys.platform)(*args, **kw)

    registry[None] = func
    wrapper.register = register
    wrapper.dispatch = dispatch
    wrapper.registry = types.MappingProxyType(registry)
    functools.update_wrapper(wrapper, func)
    return wrapper

Now it can be used similar to singledispatch:

@os_dispatch  # fallback in case OS is not supported
def my_callback():
    print('OS not supported')

@my_callback.register('linux')
def _():
    print('Doing something @ Linux')

@my_callback.register('windows')
def _():
    print('Doing something @ Windows')

my_callback()  # dispatches on sys.platform

Registration also works directly on the function names:

@os_dispatch
def my_callback():
    print('OS not supported')

@my_callback.register
def linux():
    print('Doing something @ Linux')

@my_callback.register
def windows():
    print('Doing something @ Windows')