Introduction

When it comes to saving money, there are many different strategies you can use to grow your wealth over time. One of the most powerful strategies is to take advantage of compound interest. Compound interest is the interest earned on the initial principal as well as the accumulated interest on that principal. In other words, interest is earned on interest, resulting in exponential growth over time. In this blog post, we’ll take a closer look at the concept of compound interest and explore how you can use it to achieve your financial goals.

The Power of Compound Interest

The power of compound interest lies in its ability to grow exponentially over time. Let’s say you invest $1,000 with an annual interest rate of 5%. At the end of the first year, your investment will have grown to $1,050. In the second year, you’ll earn interest not only on your initial $1,000 but also on the $50 you earned in interest from the first year. This means that after the second year, your investment will have grown to $1,102.50. The longer you leave your money invested, the more it will grow thanks to the power of compound interest.

To illustrate this point, let’s take a look at another hypothetical scenario. Suppose you start saving $5,000 per year at the age of 25 and continue doing so for the next 40 years until you retire. If you invest this money in an account with an annual interest rate of 7%, you’ll have over $1.2 million by the time you retire. However, if you wait until you’re 35 to start saving the same amount, you’ll only have around $500,000 by the time you retire. This is because the earlier you start investing, the more time your money has to grow thanks to the power of compound interest.

The Importance of Starting Early

One of the most important things to understand about compound interest is that the earlier you start investing, the more time your money has to grow. Even small contributions can add up significantly over time. For example, if you start investing $100 a month at the age of 25 with an annual interest rate of 7%, you’ll have over $300,000 by the time you reach 65. If you wait until you’re 35 to start investing the same amount, you’ll have just over $150,000 by the time you reach 65.

How to Maximize Compound Interest

To maximize the benefits of compound interest, there are a few things you can do. First, start early. The earlier you start investing, the more time your money has to grow. Second, make regular contributions. Even small contributions can add up significantly over time. Third, take advantage of compound interest by investing in accounts that offer high interest rates, such as high-yield savings accounts or investment accounts. Fourth, avoid debt. If you’re carrying a balance on your credit cards, it’s important to pay off as much as you can each month to avoid getting trapped in a cycle of debt. Finally, be patient. Compound interest takes time to work its magic, so don’t get discouraged if you don’t see immediate results.

The Risks of Compound Interest

While compound interest can be a powerful tool for growing your wealth, it’s important to remember that it can also work against you if you’re in debt. Credit card debt, for example, can quickly spiral out of control thanks to the power of compound interest. If you’re carrying a balance on your credit cards, it’s important to pay off as much as you can each month to avoid getting trapped in a cycle of debt.

Another risk of compound interest is inflation. Inflation refers to the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, and it can erode the value of your savings over time. While compound interest can help offset the effects of inflation, it’s important to invest in accounts that offer interest rates that are higher than the rate of inflation to maximize the growth of your savings.

Resources for Learning More About Compound Interest

If you’re interested in learning more about compound interest, there are many great resources available. Here are a few books that can help you deepen your understanding:

• “The Compound Effect” by Darren Hardy
• “The Richest Man in Babylon” by George S. Clason
• “The Simple Path to Wealth” by JL Collins

In addition to books, there are also many online resources that can help you learn more about compound interest, including calculators that can help you estimate how much your savings will grow over time.

Conclusion

In conclusion, compound interest is a powerful tool for growing your wealth over time. By starting early, making regular contributions, and avoiding debt, you can take advantage of the power of compound interest to achieve your financial goals. Remember, the key to success is to start now and stay disciplined in your approach. With patience and dedication, you can harness the power of compound interest to build a brighter financial future. By being mindful of the risks and taking steps to mitigate them, you can maximize the benefits of compound interest and achieve long-term financial success.

In this article, we will explore the potential benefits and challenges of AI, and discuss what we need to do to ensure that AI is used for good.

What is AI?

AI is a branch of computer science that deals with the creation of intelligent agents, which are systems that can reason, learn, and act autonomously. AI has been used in a variety of applications, including natural language processing, image recognition, and robotics.

Current Applications of AI

AI is already being used in a variety of ways, including:

• Natural language processing: AI is used to understand human language, and is used in applications such as speech recognition, machine translation, and chatbots.
• Image recognition: AI is used to identify objects in images and videos, and is used in applications such as self-driving cars, facial recognition software, and medical image analysis.
• Robotics: AI is used to control robots, and is used in applications such as manufacturing, healthcare, and logistics.

Potential Future Applications of AI

AI is still in its early stages of development, but it has the potential to be used in a variety of ways in the future, including:

• Personal assistants: AI-powered personal assistants could help us with tasks such as scheduling appointments, making reservations, and finding information.
• Education: AI could be used to personalize education, provide real-time feedback, and help students learn at their own pace.
• Healthcare: AI could be used to diagnose diseases, develop new treatments, and provide personalized care.
• Transportation: AI could be used to develop self-driving cars, which could revolutionize transportation and make our roads safer.
• Security: AI could be used to detect fraud, prevent crime, and protect our privacy.

The Benefits of AI

AI has the potential to offer a number of benefits, including:

• Increased productivity: AI can automate tasks that are currently done by humans, which could free up our time for more creative and strategic work.
• Improved decision-making: AI can analyze large amounts of data and identify patterns that humans might miss. This could help us to make better decisions in a variety of areas, such as business, healthcare, and public policy.
• Enhanced creativity: AI can be used to generate new ideas and concepts. This could help us to solve problems in new and innovative ways.
• Personalized experiences: AI can be used to personalize our experiences, such as the products we see on e-commerce websites or the news articles we read. This could help us to find the information and products that we are most interested in.

The Challenges of AI

AI also has the potential to pose a number of challenges, including:

• Job displacement: As AI becomes more sophisticated, it is possible that it will automate more and more jobs. This could lead to job displacement for some workers.
• Bias: AI systems are trained on data that is created by humans. As a result, they can be biased in the same way that humans are. This could lead to discrimination against certain groups of people.
• Weaponization: AI could be used to develop autonomous weapons systems that could kill without human intervention. This could lead to an arms race and increase the risk of war.
• Loss of control: AI systems are becoming increasingly complex and difficult to understand. This could lead to a situation where we lose control of these systems and they start to make decisions on their own.

What We Need to Do to Ensure That AI is Used for Good

The potential benefits and challenges of AI are significant. It is important that we take steps to ensure that AI is used for good and not for evil.

Here are some of the things that we need to do:

• Invest in research and development of ethical AI. We need to develop AI systems that are aligned with our values and that do not pose a threat to humanity.
• Create regulations to govern the development and use of AI. We need to ensure that AI is used in a responsible and ethical manner.
• Educate the public about AI. We need to help people understand the potential benefits and challenges of AI so that they can make informed decisions about its use.
• Promote public dialogue about AI. We need to have a public conversation about the future of AI so that we can make sure that it is used for the benefit of all.

The future of AI is in our hands. We need to make sure that we use this technology wisely and responsibly.

Introduction

The tech industry has seen a significant shift towards freelance work in recent years, with many professionals opting for the flexibility and independence that comes with being a freelance tech worker. However, going freelance is not without its challenges, and it is important to carefully consider the benefits and drawbacks before making the transition.

Benefits of Going Freelance in Tech

Flexibility and autonomy

One of the most significant benefits of going freelance in tech is the flexibility and autonomy it offers. Freelance tech workers have the freedom to choose their own work hours and work from wherever they want, as long as they have a reliable internet connection. This flexibility can help to improve work-life balance and reduce stress.

Increased earning potential

Freelance tech workers typically charge higher rates than traditional employees, which can result in increased earning potential. This is because freelance workers are not entitled to benefits such as health insurance or paid time off, and must factor these costs into their rates.

Diversified skill set

Freelance tech workers have the opportunity to work on a variety of projects, which can help them to develop a more diverse skill set. This can be beneficial for both personal and professional growth and can also lead to increased job security.

Entrepreneurial opportunities

Going freelance in tech can also open up entrepreneurial opportunities, as freelance workers have the freedom to start their own businesses or offer their services to multiple clients.

Challenges of Going Freelance in Tech

Lack of job security

One of the main challenges of going freelance in tech is the lack of job security. Freelance workers are not guaranteed a steady stream of work and must actively seek out new clients to maintain their income.

Self-discipline and motivation

Working as a freelance tech worker requires a high level of self-discipline and motivation. Freelance workers are responsible for managing their own time, meeting deadlines, and ensuring that their work is of high quality.

Health insurance and benefits

Freelance tech workers are not entitled to benefits such as health insurance, paid time off, or retirement plans, which can be a significant drawback for those who are used to these benefits as traditional employees. Freelance workers must factor the cost of these benefits into their rates and find alternative ways to provide for their needs.

Market competition

The tech industry is highly competitive, and the freelance market is no exception. Freelance tech workers must be able to stand out from the crowd and demonstrate their skills and expertise to secure new clients.

Going freelance in tech can be a rewarding experience, offering increased flexibility, autonomy, and earning potential. However, it is not without its challenges, including lack of job security, the need for self-discipline and motivation, and the cost of benefits. Freelance tech workers must carefully consider the benefits and challenges before making the transition and must be prepared to work hard to achieve their goals.

In conclusion, going freelance in tech can be a viable option for tech professionals who are seeking greater flexibility, autonomy, and earning potential. However, it is important to carefully weigh the benefits and challenges and to be prepared to work hard to achieve success. Freelance tech work can be a rewarding and fulfilling experience, but it is not for everyone.

While working at Aspark Systems, I have had the opportunity to interview a lot of candidates over the years. While technical skills are certainly important, I have found that interpersonal skills are equally crucial when it comes to finding the right fit for a team.

Here are some proven strategies that will help you stand out in the crowded job market and ace your next interview:

1. Research the company and the position: Before the interview, spend some time researching the company and the specific role you are applying for. This will not only show the interviewer that you are interested and invested in the position, but it will also give you a better understanding of what the company does and what they are looking for in a candidate.
2. Practice your answers to common interview questions: There are certain questions that tend to come up in almost every job interview, such as “Tell me about yourself,” “Why do you want to work for this company,” and “What are your strengths and weaknesses?” Practice answering these questions out loud so you feel more confident and prepared on the day of the interview.
3. Dress to impress: First impressions are important, and the way you dress can have a big impact on how the interviewer perceives you. Be sure to dress professionally and appropriately for the company culture.
4. Use positive body language: Nonverbal cues such as eye contact, posture, and hand gestures can all make a difference in how the interviewer perceives you. Make sure to maintain good eye contact, sit up straight, and use natural hand gestures to show that you are engaged and confident.
5. Focus on your interpersonal skills: Working in a team and reporting to managers requires strong communication and collaboration skills. Be sure to highlight your ability to work well with others and provide examples of times when you successfully navigated a challenging team project.
6. Be prepared to discuss your technical skills, but also be ready to demonstrate how you can apply them in a practical setting. It’s one thing to know the theory, but it’s another to be able to solve real-world problems.
7. Emphasize your ability to meet deadlines. This is especially important in the fast-paced world of IT. Be sure to highlight any experiences you have had where you successfully managed your time and delivered projects on time.
8. Show enthusiasm and passion: Employers want to hire people who are excited about the job and the company. Be sure to show your enthusiasm and passion for the role during the interview.
9. Follow up after the interview: After the interview, be sure to send a thank you note or email to the interviewer. This not only shows gratitude and professionalism, but it also gives you an opportunity to reinforce your interest in the position and highlight any points you may have left out during the interview.

By following these strategies, you can increase your chances of standing out in the crowd and nailing your job interview. With the right preparation and a positive attitude, you can showcase your skills and qualifications and land the job of your dreams.

As a programmer, I’ve always enjoyed working on projects alone. I can focus on my own thoughts and code at my own pace. However, a few months ago, my friend and colleague convinced me to try pair programming for the first time. At first, I was skeptical — I wasn’t sure if I would be able to work well with someone else. However, I was pleasantly surprised by the experience.

Let me explain to those who are hearing for the first time.

Pair programming is a software development technique in which two programmers work together at one workstation. One person writes code while the other reviews each line of code as it is typed in. The “driver” writes code while the “observer” reviews each line of code and looks for mistakes.

At first, it was a bit awkward working with someone else. I was used to working alone and had to adjust to someone else’s thought process and coding style. However, as we worked together, I started to see the benefits of pair programming.

First and foremost, pair programming helps to catch mistakes early on. Having another set of eyes on the code as it is being written can help to identify and fix issues that I might have missed on my own. This can save time and frustration in the long run.

In addition, pair programming can help to improve the overall quality of the code. As we worked together, my friend would often suggest better ways to write certain parts of the code or point out potential problems. This helped to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of our work.

Another benefit of pair programming is that it allows for knowledge sharing and skill development. As we worked together, I was able to learn new techniques and approaches to problem-solving from my friend. This helped me to grow as a programmer and expand my skill set.

Overall, I have found that pair programming has many benefits and has helped me to improve as a programmer. While I still enjoy working alone at times, I have come to appreciate the value of collaborating with others and will definitely continue to practice pair programming in the future.

As a programmer, it’s inevitable that you will make mistakes. It’s part of the learning process. However, some mistakes are more common than others and can be easily avoided with a little bit of foresight and attention to detail. In this article, we’ll go over some of the most common mistakes made by programmers and how you can avoid them.

Not commenting your code

One of the most common mistakes made by programmers is not commenting their code. It’s easy to get caught up in the excitement of writing code and forget to include comments, but they are extremely important. Comments help explain what your code is doing and make it easier for others (or your future self) to understand and maintain.

To avoid this mistake, make a habit of commenting your code as you go. It only takes a few seconds to add a brief explanation of what each section of your code is doing, and it will save you a lot of time in the long run.

Here is an example of good code commenting in JavaScript

// This function calculates the total cost of an order
function calculateTotalCost(price, quantity) {
  // Calculate the total cost by multiplying the price by the quantity
  let totalCost = price * quantity;
  // Return the total cost
  return totalCost;
}

You don’t need to comment each and every line though.

And here is an example of the same code with poor commenting:

// calc cost
function calculateTotalCost(price, quantity) {
  let totalCost = price * quantity;
  return totalCost;
}

Not testing your code

Another common mistake is not thoroughly testing your code. It’s important to test your code to make sure it’s working as intended and to catch any bugs or errors.

To avoid this mistake, make sure to test your code thoroughly before you consider it complete. This can involve running it through various scenarios and inputting different data to make sure it’s functioning correctly.

Not using version control

Version control is a system that tracks changes to your code over time, allowing you to revert back to previous versions if necessary. It’s a crucial tool for any programmer, yet many still make the mistake of not using it.

To avoid this mistake, start using version control right away. There are many different version control systems to choose from, such as Git and SVN, so take some time to research and find one that works best for you. For most of the cases: Git is a go-to option as it is widely used and backed by a good community.

Not debugging your code

Debugging is the process of identifying and fixing errors in your code. It’s an essential part of the programming process, yet many programmers skip it or try to rush through it.

To avoid this mistake, make sure to allocate enough time for debugging. It can be time-consuming, but it’s necessary to ensure that your code is working properly.

Not following coding standards

Coding standards are guidelines for how code should be written and formatted. They exist to make code more readable and maintainable.

To avoid this mistake, make sure to familiarize yourself with the coding standards for your language or project, and make a habit of following them.

These can be some of those in your checklist:

• Use clear and descriptive names for variables, functions, and other identifiers.
• Use whitespace and indentation to make your code more readable.
• Use comments to explain what your code is doing and why.
• Use consistent formatting throughout your code.

In conclusion, these are just a few of the most common mistakes made by programmers. By following these guidelines and taking the time to comment, test, use version control, debug, and follow coding standards, you can avoid making these mistakes and become a more efficient and effective programmer.

As a JavaScript developer, it’s important to have the right tools at your disposal to help you write and maintain your code. Visual Studio Code is a popular choice among developers, and with the ability to extend its functionality through extensions, it’s even more powerful. These 10 extensions are just a few of the many options available, but they are definitely worth checking out if you want to enhance your development workflow.

So let’s get started.

ESLint

This extension integrates the popular ESLint linter into Visual Studio Code, providing real-time linting feedback as you write code. It helps you find and fix problems in your code, and can be configured to enforce a specific coding style. With support for a wide range of language options and a customizable rule set, ESLint is a must-have for any serious JavaScript developer. You can find the extension on the Visual Studio Marketplace at https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=dbaeumer.vscode-eslint.

Prettier

This extension automatically formats your code according to a specified style guide, saving you time and energy. It can be configured to work with a variety of languages, including JavaScript, and has support for integrations with other tools like ESLint. Prettier takes the burden of formatting off your shoulders, allowing you to focus on the content of your code. You can find the extension on the Visual Studio Marketplace at https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=esbenp.prettier-vscode.

Debugger for Chrome

This extension allows you to debug your JavaScript code in the Chrome browser directly from Visual Studio Code. It’s a great tool for testing and debugging your code in a real-world environment, and has features like breakpoint management, call stack inspection, and console interaction. You can find the extension on the Visual Studio Marketplace at https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=msjsdiag.debugger-for-chrome.

Jest

If you’re using the Jest testing framework, this extension can be helpful. It provides features like test status icons, test navigation, and code lens for your test files, making it easier to write and run your tests. You can find the extension on the Visual Studio Marketplace at https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=Orta.vscode-jest.

Path IntelliSense

This extension provides autocompletion for paths in your import statements, saving you time and making it easier to work with large projects. It can handle a variety of file types and even works with custom resolve options. You can find the extension on the Visual Studio Marketplace at https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=christian-kohler.path-intellisense.

Import Cost

This extension displays the size of your imported packages next to the import statement, helping you keep track of the impact of your dependencies on your project’s size. It’s a great tool for optimizing your code and minimizing the size of your final bundle. You can find the extension on the Visual Studio Marketplace at https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=wix.vscode-import-cost.

Bracket Pair Colorizer

This extension colors matching brackets, making it easier to see and understand the structure of your code. It supports a variety of bracket types and allows you to customize the colors used. You can find the extension on the Visual Studio Marketplace at https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=CoenraadS.bracket-pair-colorizer.

Code Outline

This extension provides a tree view of your code, allowing you to quickly navigate and understand the structure of your files. It supports a variety of languages, including JavaScript, and can be customized to show or hide certain elements. You can find the extension on the Visual Studio Marketplace at https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=patrys.vscode-code-outline.

Live Server

This extension allows you to start a local development server with live reloading, making it easy to test your code as you work on it. It’s great for previewing your changes in real-time and can even open your default browser automatically. You can find the extension on the Visual Studio Marketplace at https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ritwickdey.LiveServer.

Project Manager

This extension allows you to save and switch between multiple projects, making it easier to work on multiple projects at the same time. It’s a great tool for organizing your work and can even save your workspace layout along with your projects. You can find the extension on the Visual Studio Marketplace at https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=alefragnani.project-manager.

Visual Studio Code is a powerful code editor that can be customized to fit your specific needs. These 10 extensions are just a few of the many options available, but they are definitely worth checking out if you want to enhance your development workflow. Whether you’re looking for tools to help you write better code, debug more efficiently, or simply stay organized, there’s an extension for that. So take some time to explore the Visual Studio Marketplace and see what you can find to help you become a more efficient and productive developer. Happy coding!

Follow me on GitHub for more tips and tricks:

https://github.com/itsmdsameerkhan

When it comes to building modern web applications, NPM packages can be a lifesaver. They provide pre-written code that can be easily imported and used in your own projects, saving you time and effort. With so many packages available, it can be overwhelming to know which ones to try. That’s why I’ve compiled a list of the top 10 npm packages to consider in 2023.

Let’s get started.

Next.js

This is a popular framework for building server-rendered React applications. It’s great for SEO and performance, and makes it easy to build universal web apps that work on both the server and the client. Plus, with automatic code splitting and optimized performance, your users will be thanking you for choosing Next.js.

For more info: https://npmjs.com/package/next

Gatsby

If you want to build a fast, modern website or application, look no further than Gatsby. It uses React and GraphQL to create static sites that are lightning fast and easy to deploy. And with a ton of plugins available, you can customize your Gatsby site to your heart’s content.

For more info: https://www.npmjs.com/package/gatsby

Nest.js

Nest.js is a framework for building scalable, server-side applications with TypeScript and Node.js. It’s based on Express and uses a modular architecture, making it easy to maintain and extend. Plus, with built-in support for things like websockets, GraphQL, and MongoDB, Nest.js has everything you need to build a powerful back-end.

For more info: https://www.npmjs.com/package/@nestjs/core

MongoDB

NoSQL databases are all the rage these days, and MongoDB is one of the most popular choices. It’s great for storing large amounts of data in a flexible, JSON-like format and works seamlessly with Node.js. Plus, with its powerful indexing and aggregation capabilities, MongoDB can handle even the most complex data sets.

For more info: https://www.npmjs.com/package/mongodb

Socket.io

Real-time communication is a must-have for many modern web applications, and Socket.io makes it easy to add this functionality. It works with a variety of technologies, including Node.js, and has a simple API that’s easy to use. Plus, with support for things like rooms and namespaces, Socket.io is perfect for building collaborative apps.

For more info: https://www.npmjs.com/package/socket.io

React Router

If you’re building a React application, you’ll want to check out React Router. This declarative routing library makes it easy to add navigation to your app and keeps your UI in sync with the URL. Plus, with support for things like code splitting and server-side rendering, React Router is a must-have for any serious React project.

For more info: https://www.npmjs.com/package/react-router

Axios

Making HTTP requests from JavaScript can be a pain, but Axios makes it easy. This popular library works with both Node.js and the browser and has a simple API that’s a joy to use. Plus, with built-in support for things like promises and async/await, Axios is a great choice for modern JavaScript projects.

For more info: https://www.npmjs.com/package/axios

Lodash

If you find yourself constantly writing the same utility functions for your JavaScript projects, it might be time to check out Lodash. This library provides a ton of helpful functions for working with arrays, objects, and strings, and can help simplify complex code and make it more readable. Plus, with a focus on performance, Lodash won’t slow down your app.

For more info: https://www.npmjs.com/package/lodash

Webpack

If you’re building a modern JavaScript application, you’ll want to check out Webpack. This module bundler makes it easy to build and deploy your code, and can optimize your code for production with features like tree shaking and code splitting. Plus, with a ton of plugins and integrations available, Webpack is highly customizable and can be tailored to fit your specific needs.

For more info: https://www.npmjs.com/package/webpack

Jest

No web project is complete without thorough testing, and Jest makes it easy. This popular testing library for JavaScript makes it simple to write and run unit tests for your code. It has a ton of features and works with a variety of technologies, including React. Plus, with its intuitive API and easy-to-use assertion functions, Jest is a joy to use.

For more info: https://www.npmjs.com/package/jest

These are just a few of the many NPM packages available, but they are definitely worth checking out if you want to build modern, efficient, and scalable applications. Happy coding!

As from its official documentation,

Git is a free distributed version control system. But what does it mean?

Let’s take it simple. Git is just a program, used to track the changes that have been made to files inside a project that you and your teams have been collaboratively working on. Git helps it easier to revert back to the changes if something goes wrong throughout the development.

Now, the majority of developers out there already know the things I said above. But what they don’t know about is how Git works internally. How are their changes kept track off inside the Git filesystem.

Today, we will be digging in to it. We will understand how git stores the files into repositories(just a fancy name for project folder managed by Git). We will not be using git add / git commit. I know most you have got an instant thought, “but how?”. We will figure it out together, so shall we?

Getting Started with Git Setup

Now, I assume that you are already familiar with basic Linux commands and have Git program pre-installed to your computer. Don’t worry, you don’t need to be a ninja at commands. You can still follow along. Yeah, that’s totally fine.

Let’s setup an empty Git project at first.

Create an empty directory in any destination of your PC and open a terminal/command prompt and run:

git init

This will create an empty repository to the path leaving you with a .git directory. Like so:

Now let’s get inside the .git directory and see what has Git made available to us.

Let’s not take it all at once. Instead, we are only interested in the objects directory for now, leave out all the rest. Currently, there will be two sub-directories inside objects: info and pack, both must be empty as we have not done anything just yet.

But objects are very important in Git filesystem. Any files or folders that is stored in Git is an object and all those objects we create will get stored in objects directory. An object can be any of these:

1. Blob
2. Tree
3. Commit
4. Tag

Blob are files, any files, be it, videos, audios, texts, etc. But the difference is they are in compressed binary formats, we will understand these in detail as we go. Similarly, tree is just another name for directory, so to speak. Tree has the record about blobs as same as our computer folders have files as well as sub-folders inside. Let’s keep commits and tags aside for now.

Lets create our first file, whops! blob🤭, shall we?

Now is the time I must introduce you to a low-level git command, chances are you must not be familiar to this command or hearing for the first time but no worries, I will walk you through each step. git hash-object allows us to feed in the normal file we created, it then hashes it and stores it as a blob type of object inside git filesystem.

I created a regularfile.txt which contained text Hello, World!. Notice that it is not the same directory where git was initialized.

As we see that the command returned a hash. This is a SHA1 hash that includes the information from the regularfile.txt which we created above. As I said above, whenever an object is created, it gets stored in objects directory inside .git folder, remember? Nope? Okay let’s have a look to the objects folder again.

As we can see a new 8a directory has been added. Inside which a file with gibberish name has been created. When we look into the file with cat command, we see that it makes no sense. That is because the way git stores files. They are compressed binaries and cannot be readable directly.

Instead we will be using git cat-file to read the file. It has various flags, -t for the type, -p for content, and -s for size of file in bytes.

Notice that for the filename, I have provided only the first few initials of the total hash, because git is smart enough to figure out which file I meant.

Lets move on to creating our folder now, whops! tree? 😝

To create a tree, there’s a little extra effort. Since Git is a different filesystem, we need to specify permissions of files, its type, hash and filename respectively. Below, I have provided a general template. Create a file and copy paste the template. Follow along with your own modified hash and names. Yes, you can have multiple blobs, or even trees inside a tree.

Once you are done save the file to a location. With the help of this file we are going to create a tree which will get stored it in…. yes you got it, objects folder. To create a tree object we got git mktree, for which we got to pass the file as standard input as such:

By now you must have got a hang of it, since a hash was returned, an object has been created, to be specific, a tree object.

Experiment 🏁

Try inspecting the tree object as same as we did with the blob object above with git cat-file. See what you can figure out.

The best way to learn about anything is by doing.

Wrapping it up 😁

You still there? If you made all the way up to here, give yourself a pat on the back cause I, myself, had to come twice to complete this article. Up to now our files are only inside the Git filesystem. We have no direct access to it. So, lets take it out from the Git repository to the working directory.

We need two new commands for our help.

git read-tree — which pulls the files from Git repository to staging area(index).

git checkout-index — which again pull from staging area to working directory.

So, after running them all sequentially,

You made it! Cheers!! 🍻