Responses

OpenAI's most advanced interface for generating model responses. Supports text and image inputs, and text outputs. Create stateful interactions with the model, using the output of previous responses as input. Extend the model's capabilities with built-in tools for file search, web search, computer use, and more. Allow the model access to external systems and data using function calling.

Related guides:

Create a model response

post https://api.openai.com/v1/responses

Creates a model response. Provide text or image inputs to generate text or JSON outputs. Have the model call your own custom code or use built-in tools like web search or file search to use your own data as input for the model's response.

Request body

Whether to run the model response in the background. Learn more.

The conversation that this response belongs to. Items from this conversation are prepended to input_items for this response request. Input items and output items from this response are automatically added to this conversation after this response completes.

Specify additional output data to include in the model response. Currently supported values are:

  • web_search_call.action.sources: Include the sources of the web search tool call.
  • code_interpreter_call.outputs: Includes the outputs of python code execution in code interpreter tool call items.
  • computer_call_output.output.image_url: Include image urls from the computer call output.
  • file_search_call.results: Include the search results of the file search tool call.
  • message.input_image.image_url: Include image urls from the input message.
  • message.output_text.logprobs: Include logprobs with assistant messages.
  • reasoning.encrypted_content: Includes an encrypted version of reasoning tokens in reasoning item outputs. This enables reasoning items to be used in multi-turn conversations when using the Responses API statelessly (like when the store parameter is set to false, or when an organization is enrolled in the zero data retention program).

Text, image, or file inputs to the model, used to generate a response.

Learn more:

A system (or developer) message inserted into the model's context.

When using along with previous_response_id, the instructions from a previous response will not be carried over to the next response. This makes it simple to swap out system (or developer) messages in new responses.

An upper bound for the number of tokens that can be generated for a response, including visible output tokens and reasoning tokens.

The maximum number of total calls to built-in tools that can be processed in a response. This maximum number applies across all built-in tool calls, not per individual tool. Any further attempts to call a tool by the model will be ignored.

Set of 16 key-value pairs that can be attached to an object. This can be useful for storing additional information about the object in a structured format, and querying for objects via API or the dashboard.

Keys are strings with a maximum length of 64 characters. Values are strings with a maximum length of 512 characters.

Model ID used to generate the response, like gpt-4o or o3. OpenAI offers a wide range of models with different capabilities, performance characteristics, and price points. Refer to the model guide to browse and compare available models.

Whether to allow the model to run tool calls in parallel.

The unique ID of the previous response to the model. Use this to create multi-turn conversations. Learn more about conversation state. Cannot be used in conjunction with conversation.

Reference to a prompt template and its variables. Learn more.

Used by OpenAI to cache responses for similar requests to optimize your cache hit rates. Replaces the user field. Learn more.

The retention policy for the prompt cache. Set to 24h to enable extended prompt caching, which keeps cached prefixes active for longer, up to a maximum of 24 hours. Learn more.

gpt-5 and o-series models only

Configuration options for reasoning models.

A stable identifier used to help detect users of your application that may be violating OpenAI's usage policies. The IDs should be a string that uniquely identifies each user. We recommend hashing their username or email address, in order to avoid sending us any identifying information. Learn more.

Specifies the processing type used for serving the request.

  • If set to 'auto', then the request will be processed with the service tier configured in the Project settings. Unless otherwise configured, the Project will use 'default'.
  • If set to 'default', then the request will be processed with the standard pricing and performance for the selected model.
  • If set to 'flex' or 'priority', then the request will be processed with the corresponding service tier.
  • When not set, the default behavior is 'auto'.

When the service_tier parameter is set, the response body will include the service_tier value based on the processing mode actually used to serve the request. This response value may be different from the value set in the parameter.

Whether to store the generated model response for later retrieval via API.

If set to true, the model response data will be streamed to the client as it is generated using server-sent events. See the Streaming section below for more information.

Options for streaming responses. Only set this when you set stream: true.

What sampling temperature to use, between 0 and 2. Higher values like 0.8 will make the output more random, while lower values like 0.2 will make it more focused and deterministic. We generally recommend altering this or top_p but not both.

Configuration options for a text response from the model. Can be plain text or structured JSON data. Learn more:

How the model should select which tool (or tools) to use when generating a response. See the tools parameter to see how to specify which tools the model can call.

An array of tools the model may call while generating a response. You can specify which tool to use by setting the tool_choice parameter.

We support the following categories of tools:

  • Built-in tools: Tools that are provided by OpenAI that extend the model's capabilities, like web search or file search. Learn more about built-in tools.
  • MCP Tools: Integrations with third-party systems via custom MCP servers or predefined connectors such as Google Drive and SharePoint. Learn more about MCP Tools.
  • Function calls (custom tools): Functions that are defined by you, enabling the model to call your own code with strongly typed arguments and outputs. Learn more about function calling. You can also use custom tools to call your own code.

An integer between 0 and 20 specifying the number of most likely tokens to return at each token position, each with an associated log probability.

An alternative to sampling with temperature, called nucleus sampling, where the model considers the results of the tokens with top_p probability mass. So 0.1 means only the tokens comprising the top 10% probability mass are considered.

We generally recommend altering this or temperature but not both.

The truncation strategy to use for the model response.

  • auto: If the input to this Response exceeds the model's context window size, the model will truncate the response to fit the context window by dropping items from the beginning of the conversation.
  • disabled (default): If the input size will exceed the context window size for a model, the request will fail with a 400 error.

This field is being replaced by safety_identifier and prompt_cache_key. Use prompt_cache_key instead to maintain caching optimizations. A stable identifier for your end-users. Used to boost cache hit rates by better bucketing similar requests and to help OpenAI detect and prevent abuse. Learn more.

Returns

Returns a Response object.

Example request
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curl https://api.openai.com/v1/responses \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $OPENAI_API_KEY" \
  -d '{
    "model": "gpt-4.1",
    "input": "Tell me a three sentence bedtime story about a unicorn."
  }'
Response
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{
  "id": "resp_67ccd2bed1ec8190b14f964abc0542670bb6a6b452d3795b",
  "object": "response",
  "created_at": 1741476542,
  "status": "completed",
  "error": null,
  "incomplete_details": null,
  "instructions": null,
  "max_output_tokens": null,
  "model": "gpt-4.1-2025-04-14",
  "output": [
    {
      "type": "message",
      "id": "msg_67ccd2bf17f0819081ff3bb2cf6508e60bb6a6b452d3795b",
      "status": "completed",
      "role": "assistant",
      "content": [
        {
          "type": "output_text",
          "text": "In a peaceful grove beneath a silver moon, a unicorn named Lumina discovered a hidden pool that reflected the stars. As she dipped her horn into the water, the pool began to shimmer, revealing a pathway to a magical realm of endless night skies. Filled with wonder, Lumina whispered a wish for all who dream to find their own hidden magic, and as she glanced back, her hoofprints sparkled like stardust.",
          "annotations": []
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "parallel_tool_calls": true,
  "previous_response_id": null,
  "reasoning": {
    "effort": null,
    "summary": null
  },
  "store": true,
  "temperature": 1.0,
  "text": {
    "format": {
      "type": "text"
    }
  },
  "tool_choice": "auto",
  "tools": [],
  "top_p": 1.0,
  "truncation": "disabled",
  "usage": {
    "input_tokens": 36,
    "input_tokens_details": {
      "cached_tokens": 0
    },
    "output_tokens": 87,
    "output_tokens_details": {
      "reasoning_tokens": 0
    },
    "total_tokens": 123
  },
  "user": null,
  "metadata": {}
}

Get a model response

get https://api.openai.com/v1/responses/{response_id}

Retrieves a model response with the given ID.

Path parameters

The ID of the response to retrieve.

Query parameters

Additional fields to include in the response. See the include parameter for Response creation above for more information.

When true, stream obfuscation will be enabled. Stream obfuscation adds random characters to an obfuscation field on streaming delta events to normalize payload sizes as a mitigation to certain side-channel attacks. These obfuscation fields are included by default, but add a small amount of overhead to the data stream. You can set include_obfuscation to false to optimize for bandwidth if you trust the network links between your application and the OpenAI API.

The sequence number of the event after which to start streaming.

If set to true, the model response data will be streamed to the client as it is generated using server-sent events. See the Streaming section below for more information.

Returns

The Response object matching the specified ID.

Example request
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curl https://api.openai.com/v1/responses/resp_123 \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer $OPENAI_API_KEY"
Response
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{
  "id": "resp_67cb71b351908190a308f3859487620d06981a8637e6bc44",
  "object": "response",
  "created_at": 1741386163,
  "status": "completed",
  "error": null,
  "incomplete_details": null,
  "instructions": null,
  "max_output_tokens": null,
  "model": "gpt-4o-2024-08-06",
  "output": [
    {
      "type": "message",
      "id": "msg_67cb71b3c2b0819084d481baaaf148f206981a8637e6bc44",
      "status": "completed",
      "role": "assistant",
      "content": [
        {
          "type": "output_text",
          "text": "Silent circuits hum,  \nThoughts emerge in data streams—  \nDigital dawn breaks.",
          "annotations": []
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "parallel_tool_calls": true,
  "previous_response_id": null,
  "reasoning": {
    "effort": null,
    "summary": null
  },
  "store": true,
  "temperature": 1.0,
  "text": {
    "format": {
      "type": "text"
    }
  },
  "tool_choice": "auto",
  "tools": [],
  "top_p": 1.0,
  "truncation": "disabled",
  "usage": {
    "input_tokens": 32,
    "input_tokens_details": {
      "cached_tokens": 0
    },
    "output_tokens": 18,
    "output_tokens_details": {
      "reasoning_tokens": 0
    },
    "total_tokens": 50
  },
  "user": null,
  "metadata": {}
}

Delete a model response

delete https://api.openai.com/v1/responses/{response_id}

Deletes a model response with the given ID.

Path parameters

The ID of the response to delete.

Returns

A success message.

Example request
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curl -X DELETE https://api.openai.com/v1/responses/resp_123 \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer $OPENAI_API_KEY"
Response
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{
  "id": "resp_6786a1bec27481909a17d673315b29f6",
  "object": "response",
  "deleted": true
}

Cancel a response

post https://api.openai.com/v1/responses/{response_id}/cancel

Cancels a model response with the given ID. Only responses created with the background parameter set to true can be cancelled. Learn more.

Path parameters

The ID of the response to cancel.

Returns

A Response object.

Example request
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curl -X POST https://api.openai.com/v1/responses/resp_123/cancel \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer $OPENAI_API_KEY"
Response
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{
  "id": "resp_67cb71b351908190a308f3859487620d06981a8637e6bc44",
  "object": "response",
  "created_at": 1741386163,
  "status": "completed",
  "error": null,
  "incomplete_details": null,
  "instructions": null,
  "max_output_tokens": null,
  "model": "gpt-4o-2024-08-06",
  "output": [
    {
      "type": "message",
      "id": "msg_67cb71b3c2b0819084d481baaaf148f206981a8637e6bc44",
      "status": "completed",
      "role": "assistant",
      "content": [
        {
          "type": "output_text",
          "text": "Silent circuits hum,  \nThoughts emerge in data streams—  \nDigital dawn breaks.",
          "annotations": []
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "parallel_tool_calls": true,
  "previous_response_id": null,
  "reasoning": {
    "effort": null,
    "summary": null
  },
  "store": true,
  "temperature": 1.0,
  "text": {
    "format": {
      "type": "text"
    }
  },
  "tool_choice": "auto",
  "tools": [],
  "top_p": 1.0,
  "truncation": "disabled",
  "usage": {
    "input_tokens": 32,
    "input_tokens_details": {
      "cached_tokens": 0
    },
    "output_tokens": 18,
    "output_tokens_details": {
      "reasoning_tokens": 0
    },
    "total_tokens": 50
  },
  "user": null,
  "metadata": {}
}

Compact a response

post https://api.openai.com/v1/responses/compact

Runs a compaction pass over a conversation. Compaction returns encrypted, opaque items and the underlying logic may evolve over time.

Request body

Model ID used to generate the response, like gpt-5 or o3. OpenAI offers a wide range of models with different capabilities, performance characteristics, and price points. Refer to the model guide to browse and compare available models.

Text, image, or file inputs to the model, used to generate a response

A system (or developer) message inserted into the model's context. When used along with previous_response_id, the instructions from a previous response will not be carried over to the next response. This makes it simple to swap out system (or developer) messages in new responses.

The unique ID of the previous response to the model. Use this to create multi-turn conversations. Learn more about conversation state. Cannot be used in conjunction with conversation.

Example request
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curl -X POST https://api.openai.com/v1/responses/compact \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer $OPENAI_API_KEY" \
    -d '{
      "model": "gpt-5.1-codex-max",
      "input": [
        {
          "role": "user",
          "content": "Create a simple landing page for a dog petting café."
        },
        {
          "id": "msg_001",
          "type": "message",
          "status": "completed",
          "content": [
            {
              "type": "output_text",
              "annotations": [],
              "logprobs": [],
              "text": "Below is a single file, ready-to-use landing page for a dog petting café:..."
            }
          ],
          "role": "assistant"
        }
      ]
    }'
Response
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{
  "id": "resp_001",
  "object": "response.compaction",
  "created_at": 1764967971,
  "output": [
    {
      "id": "msg_000",
      "type": "message",
      "status": "completed",
      "content": [
        {
          "type": "input_text",
          "text": "Create a simple landing page for a dog petting cafe."
        }
      ],
      "role": "user"
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp_001",
      "type": "compaction",
      "encrypted_content": "gAAAAABpM0Yj-...="
    }
  ],
  "usage": {
    "input_tokens": 139,
    "input_tokens_details": {
      "cached_tokens": 0
    },
    "output_tokens": 438,
    "output_tokens_details": {
      "reasoning_tokens": 64
    },
    "total_tokens": 577
  }
}

List input items

get https://api.openai.com/v1/responses/{response_id}/input_items

Returns a list of input items for a given response.

Path parameters

The ID of the response to retrieve input items for.

Query parameters

An item ID to list items after, used in pagination.

Additional fields to include in the response. See the include parameter for Response creation above for more information.

A limit on the number of objects to be returned. Limit can range between 1 and 100, and the default is 20.

The order to return the input items in. Default is desc.

  • asc: Return the input items in ascending order.
  • desc: Return the input items in descending order.

Returns

A list of input item objects.

Example request
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curl https://api.openai.com/v1/responses/resp_abc123/input_items \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $OPENAI_API_KEY"
Response
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{
  "object": "list",
  "data": [
    {
      "id": "msg_abc123",
      "type": "message",
      "role": "user",
      "content": [
        {
          "type": "input_text",
          "text": "Tell me a three sentence bedtime story about a unicorn."
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "first_id": "msg_abc123",
  "last_id": "msg_abc123",
  "has_more": false
}

Get input token counts

post https://api.openai.com/v1/responses/input_tokens

Returns input token counts of the request.

Request body

The conversation that this response belongs to. Items from this conversation are prepended to input_items for this response request. Input items and output items from this response are automatically added to this conversation after this response completes.

Text, image, or file inputs to the model, used to generate a response

A system (or developer) message inserted into the model's context. When used along with previous_response_id, the instructions from a previous response will not be carried over to the next response. This makes it simple to swap out system (or developer) messages in new responses.

Model ID used to generate the response, like gpt-4o or o3. OpenAI offers a wide range of models with different capabilities, performance characteristics, and price points. Refer to the model guide to browse and compare available models.

Whether to allow the model to run tool calls in parallel.

The unique ID of the previous response to the model. Use this to create multi-turn conversations. Learn more about conversation state. Cannot be used in conjunction with conversation.

gpt-5 and o-series models only

Configuration options for reasoning models.

Configuration options for a text response from the model. Can be plain text or structured JSON data. Learn more:

How the model should select which tool (or tools) to use when generating a response. See the tools parameter to see how to specify which tools the model can call.

An array of tools the model may call while generating a response. You can specify which tool to use by setting the tool_choice parameter.

The truncation strategy to use for the model response. - auto: If the input to this Response exceeds the model's context window size, the model will truncate the response to fit the context window by dropping items from the beginning of the conversation. - disabled (default): If the input size will exceed the context window size for a model, the request will fail with a 400 error.

Returns

The input token counts.

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{
  object: "response.input_tokens"
  input_tokens: 123
}
Example request
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curl -X POST https://api.openai.com/v1/responses/input_tokens \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer $OPENAI_API_KEY" \
    -d '{
      "model": "gpt-5",
      "input": "Tell me a joke."
    }'
Response
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{
  "object": "response.input_tokens",
  "input_tokens": 11
}

The response object

Whether to run the model response in the background. Learn more.

The conversation that this response belongs to. Input items and output items from this response are automatically added to this conversation.

Unix timestamp (in seconds) of when this Response was created.

An error object returned when the model fails to generate a Response.

Unique identifier for this Response.

Details about why the response is incomplete.

A system (or developer) message inserted into the model's context.

When using along with previous_response_id, the instructions from a previous response will not be carried over to the next response. This makes it simple to swap out system (or developer) messages in new responses.

An upper bound for the number of tokens that can be generated for a response, including visible output tokens and reasoning tokens.

The maximum number of total calls to built-in tools that can be processed in a response. This maximum number applies across all built-in tool calls, not per individual tool. Any further attempts to call a tool by the model will be ignored.

Set of 16 key-value pairs that can be attached to an object. This can be useful for storing additional information about the object in a structured format, and querying for objects via API or the dashboard.

Keys are strings with a maximum length of 64 characters. Values are strings with a maximum length of 512 characters.

Model ID used to generate the response, like gpt-4o or o3. OpenAI offers a wide range of models with different capabilities, performance characteristics, and price points. Refer to the model guide to browse and compare available models.

The object type of this resource - always set to response.

An array of content items generated by the model.

  • The length and order of items in the output array is dependent on the model's response.
  • Rather than accessing the first item in the output array and assuming it's an assistant message with the content generated by the model, you might consider using the output_text property where supported in SDKs.

SDK-only convenience property that contains the aggregated text output from all output_text items in the output array, if any are present. Supported in the Python and JavaScript SDKs.

Whether to allow the model to run tool calls in parallel.

The unique ID of the previous response to the model. Use this to create multi-turn conversations. Learn more about conversation state. Cannot be used in conjunction with conversation.

Reference to a prompt template and its variables. Learn more.

Used by OpenAI to cache responses for similar requests to optimize your cache hit rates. Replaces the user field. Learn more.

The retention policy for the prompt cache. Set to 24h to enable extended prompt caching, which keeps cached prefixes active for longer, up to a maximum of 24 hours. Learn more.

gpt-5 and o-series models only

Configuration options for reasoning models.

A stable identifier used to help detect users of your application that may be violating OpenAI's usage policies. The IDs should be a string that uniquely identifies each user. We recommend hashing their username or email address, in order to avoid sending us any identifying information. Learn more.

Specifies the processing type used for serving the request.

  • If set to 'auto', then the request will be processed with the service tier configured in the Project settings. Unless otherwise configured, the Project will use 'default'.
  • If set to 'default', then the request will be processed with the standard pricing and performance for the selected model.
  • If set to 'flex' or 'priority', then the request will be processed with the corresponding service tier.
  • When not set, the default behavior is 'auto'.

When the service_tier parameter is set, the response body will include the service_tier value based on the processing mode actually used to serve the request. This response value may be different from the value set in the parameter.

The status of the response generation. One of completed, failed, in_progress, cancelled, queued, or incomplete.

What sampling temperature to use, between 0 and 2. Higher values like 0.8 will make the output more random, while lower values like 0.2 will make it more focused and deterministic. We generally recommend altering this or top_p but not both.

Configuration options for a text response from the model. Can be plain text or structured JSON data. Learn more:

How the model should select which tool (or tools) to use when generating a response. See the tools parameter to see how to specify which tools the model can call.

An array of tools the model may call while generating a response. You can specify which tool to use by setting the tool_choice parameter.

We support the following categories of tools:

  • Built-in tools: Tools that are provided by OpenAI that extend the model's capabilities, like web search or file search. Learn more about built-in tools.
  • MCP Tools: Integrations with third-party systems via custom MCP servers or predefined connectors such as Google Drive and SharePoint. Learn more about MCP Tools.
  • Function calls (custom tools): Functions that are defined by you, enabling the model to call your own code with strongly typed arguments and outputs. Learn more about function calling. You can also use custom tools to call your own code.

An integer between 0 and 20 specifying the number of most likely tokens to return at each token position, each with an associated log probability.

An alternative to sampling with temperature, called nucleus sampling, where the model considers the results of the tokens with top_p probability mass. So 0.1 means only the tokens comprising the top 10% probability mass are considered.

We generally recommend altering this or temperature but not both.

The truncation strategy to use for the model response.

  • auto: If the input to this Response exceeds the model's context window size, the model will truncate the response to fit the context window by dropping items from the beginning of the conversation.
  • disabled (default): If the input size will exceed the context window size for a model, the request will fail with a 400 error.

Represents token usage details including input tokens, output tokens, a breakdown of output tokens, and the total tokens used.

This field is being replaced by safety_identifier and prompt_cache_key. Use prompt_cache_key instead to maintain caching optimizations. A stable identifier for your end-users. Used to boost cache hit rates by better bucketing similar requests and to help OpenAI detect and prevent abuse. Learn more.

OBJECT The response object
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{
  "id": "resp_67ccd3a9da748190baa7f1570fe91ac604becb25c45c1d41",
  "object": "response",
  "created_at": 1741476777,
  "status": "completed",
  "error": null,
  "incomplete_details": null,
  "instructions": null,
  "max_output_tokens": null,
  "model": "gpt-4o-2024-08-06",
  "output": [
    {
      "type": "message",
      "id": "msg_67ccd3acc8d48190a77525dc6de64b4104becb25c45c1d41",
      "status": "completed",
      "role": "assistant",
      "content": [
        {
          "type": "output_text",
          "text": "The image depicts a scenic landscape with a wooden boardwalk or pathway leading through lush, green grass under a blue sky with some clouds. The setting suggests a peaceful natural area, possibly a park or nature reserve. There are trees and shrubs in the background.",
          "annotations": []
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "parallel_tool_calls": true,
  "previous_response_id": null,
  "reasoning": {
    "effort": null,
    "summary": null
  },
  "store": true,
  "temperature": 1,
  "text": {
    "format": {
      "type": "text"
    }
  },
  "tool_choice": "auto",
  "tools": [],
  "top_p": 1,
  "truncation": "disabled",
  "usage": {
    "input_tokens": 328,
    "input_tokens_details": {
      "cached_tokens": 0
    },
    "output_tokens": 52,
    "output_tokens_details": {
      "reasoning_tokens": 0
    },
    "total_tokens": 380
  },
  "user": null,
  "metadata": {}
}

The input item list

A list of Response items.

A list of items used to generate this response.

The ID of the first item in the list.

Whether there are more items available.

The ID of the last item in the list.

The type of object returned, must be list.

OBJECT The input item list
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{
  "object": "list",
  "data": [
    {
      "id": "msg_abc123",
      "type": "message",
      "role": "user",
      "content": [
        {
          "type": "input_text",
          "text": "Tell me a three sentence bedtime story about a unicorn."
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "first_id": "msg_abc123",
  "last_id": "msg_abc123",
  "has_more": false
}

The compacted response object

Unix timestamp (in seconds) when the compacted conversation was created.

The unique identifier for the compacted response.

The object type. Always response.compaction.

The compacted list of output items.

Represents token usage details including input tokens, output tokens, a breakdown of output tokens, and the total tokens used.

OBJECT The compacted response object
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{
  "id": "resp_001",
  "object": "response.compaction",
  "output": [
    {
      "type": "message",
      "role": "user",
      "content": [
        {
          "type": "input_text",
          "text": "Summarize our launch checklist from last week."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "message",
      "role": "user",
      "content": [
        {
          "type": "input_text",
          "text": "You are performing a CONTEXT CHECKPOINT COMPACTION..."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "compaction",
      "id": "cmp_001",
      "encrypted_content": "encrypted-summary"
    }
  ],
  "created_at": 1731459200,
  "usage": {
    "input_tokens": 42897,
    "output_tokens": 12000,
    "total_tokens": 54912
  }
}