Crete is the largest island of Greece, it is a large Mediterranean island lying between southern Greece and Turkey, separating the Aegean Sea from the Mediterranean Sea and is largest of the Greek islands, it has an area of 8,260 sq km. The populationis about 600000. The island is about 245 km from west to east but does not exceed 56 km from north to south. Very mountainous, it rises at Mount Ida to 2,456 m .
The Mediterranean climate of Crete consists of hot, dry, summers, with a July mean of 26 degrees C at Heraklion, and mild winters, with a January mean of 10 degrees C . Annual rainfall, concentrated in the winter months, totals about 635 mm. Scrub has replaced the forest that once covered much of the island.
Although less than one-third of Crete is cultivated, agriculture is the primary occupation. Olives, grapes, and cereals predominate; grazing, especially of sheep and goats, is important in the mountains. Most peasants own their land. Industrial development, mainly concerned with food processing, has lagged because of the absence of railroads. Almost one-third of the population is urban, but towns are small. Heraklion, the largest, has ca 130,167 inhabitants . A substantial migration of young people to the mainland has occurred in recent years.
Crete was the center of an important Bronze Age culture called Minoan (after the legendary King Minos) that existed c.2500-c.1100 BC. Elaborate settlements and palaces were built, notably at Knossos, during this period. Crete played an important role in the transmission of ancient Near Eastern civilization to Europe but lay only on the fringe of classical Greek culture (see Greece, ancient). Later a part of the Roman and Byzantine empires, the island subsequently was occupied by Venetians and, in 1669, by Ottoman Turks, against whom the Cretans successfully revolted in 1898. Crete was joined to Greece in 1913.
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