This guest blog is from Matt who has been digitising the Coroner’s records in preparation for their release on Ancestry.

My previous blog explored how the Coroner’s Inquests are a unique resource for research and family history. In this blog post, I explore the opposite; a Coroner’s Inquest that has nothing to do with the deceased and everything to do with… parrots!
On December 19th, 1929, Ada Gardner purchased an Amazon green parrot from Ada Chapman at Chapman’s High Street pet shop. A gift from her children, Ada’s new parrot filled a space left behind from her previous pet, who died back in 1925. Over Christmas, Ada became enamoured with her new friend. On January 1st 1930, however, Ada woke to find her newly beloved parrot dead in the living room.
Ada returned to Chapman’s. She purchased the bird less than two weeks ago and wanted it “opened up” for examination. Ada confronted Ada; Chapman offered to send the parrot to London and handed Gardner another Amazon green parrot in a “part exchange” for the price of 30 shillings (about £85 today). Ada went home, cleaned the cage and introduced her new-new parrot to its home (CO/INQ/Jan 1930/53: Henceforth referenced as Gardner’s Inquest).
On January 3rd, Ada woke to find her new-new parrot dead. She buried it in the garden.
A bad start to the new year for the Gardner’s. First, the dead parrots, then illness. Ada contracted the flu. Her husband, Charles, followed a week later and phoned in sick to work on Monday 13th January. Their physician, Dr. Tibbets, visited. Upon hearing Ada and Charles’ daughter mention their parrot fiasco, he contacted a colleague named Dr. Thomas. The next day, Ada and Charles were admitted to hospital.
Doctor Arthur Peregrine Thomson spent between July 1928 and December 1929 contacting his colleagues to ask them about psittacosis. A highly infectious and deadly disease for parrots. Symptoms include a loss of appetite and enteritis. Doctor Thomas suspected cases of human psittacosis were being mistaken for pneumonia. The Medical Officer for Birmingham, Dr Newsholme, assisted in following some leads. In September 1929, he visited Chapman’s pet shop and asked Ada Chapman about any unusual behaviour in her employees or birds. She denied anything out of the ordinary. However, speaking to a panel doctor in the Black Country who assisted an employee of Chapman’s, Dr Thomas was informed that other workers were also unwell.
Of the fourteen cases Dr. Thomas uncovered by January 1930, eight were in Birmingham. All but two individuals became ill after contact with a sick bird. Of the Birmingham cases, four had been fatal. Now, he was treating Ada and Charles Gardner. Dr. Thomas had warned about the potential for human infection back in July 1929. His article, published in the Lancet, challenged consensus amongst veterinary surgeons that psittacosis could not be transmitted to humans. Dr. Thomas, presented a similar psittacosis epidemic, mistaken for influenza in Paris between 1892 and 1893, which had a mortality rate of 45% (The Lancet, 20/07/1929 in Gardner’s Inquest). A worrisome historical case study, which underlines the question: Could some pesky parrots propagate a pandemic?
By February 1930, a number of individuals had been reported as unwell with “Parrot-fever”. Cases were found from Portsmouth to Northumberland. In Barking, Essex, Lillian Rogers, and her brother, Edward died. At Lillian’s inquest, a doctor warned that if precautions against psittacosis were not taken then it could become an epidemic (Birmingham Post & Journal, 06/02/1930 in Gardner’s’ Inquest).
Medical professionals weren’t the only people concerned about psittacosis. An international story, the press began inquiries after Dr D. L. Thomas died in December 1929. George Chapman (Ada’s brother) was quoted in The Observer (12/12/29 in Gardner’s’ Inquest) saying that he had never witnessed psittacosis in birds personally. In January 1930, Germany, Denmark, Switzerland and Austria implemented restrictions and quarantines for the importation of birds (The Observer 05/01 and Daily Mail 27/01/30 in Gardner’s’ Inquest).
The panic over psittacosis compelled people across Europe to abandon their pet in zoos. In the United States, 12 people had died (Gardner’s Inquest). The tabloid, Daily Sketch,produced a semi-satirical argument between Augustus the parrot and his owner. The line, ‘… I had just been reading about the ravages of parrot-disease, from which it appears that persons in Berlin, New York and Birmingham – why Birmingham? – have been dying …’ (Gardner’s Inquest). I think this quote perfectly encompasses the confounding significance of Birmingham as an epicentre of “Parrot-fever”.
Usually, a Coroner’s Inquest is about a deceased individual. However, Charles Gardner Inquest has nothing to do with him. Instead, it contains the goings-on of his wife; research conducted by medical professionals; and newspaper clippings about a growing psittacosis panic permeating Europe. Nothing about Charles: Who was he? What were his thoughts on these pesky parrots?
Although unlucky for Charles, his Coroner’s Inquest remains an invaluable and staunchly unique resource to understand cultural and societal attitudes to infectious diseases in Interwar Britain. Moreover, it depicts historical conceptualisations of human-animal relationships, as well as providing a case-study into moral panics. Ultimately, Charles’ Inquest illuminates the myriad of revelations present within the Coroner’s Inquests.
WEBSITES
https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/monetary-policy/inflation/inflation-calculator
Matt Taylor, Ancestry Digitisation Team





















