Graphene, the one-atom-thick sheet of carbon often called a “miracle material,” has once again surprised physicists. In ultra-pure samples, researchers observed electrons behaving collectively like a fluid rather than as individual particles. In this unusual state, known as a Dirac fluid, the electrons move together with extremely low resistance, producing transport properties that challenge conventional models of how electricity and heat flow through metals.
The key surprise is that graphene appears to violate the Wiedemann–Franz law – a rule that has guided solid-state physics for nearly two centuries. Normally, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity rise and fall together because the same electrons carry both heat and charge. But in graphene near its Dirac point, researchers found the opposite relationship: electrons carried charge efficiently while heat flowed very differently. The discovery suggests that under the right conditions electrons can behave as a nearly perfect quantum fluid, opening a new window into exotic states of matter and potentially helping scientists explore phenomena normally found only in extreme environments such as particle plasmas or even black holes.
Scientists determine that electrons in graphene defy established laws of physics – Earth.com
the observer effect 
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