A horrendous flight experience courtesy of American Airlines

Today’s post is a bit of a detour from my usual writing.  I have a series of posts on enrollment, webinars, climate change, and more in the pipeline, but I really need to get this one off my chest.

This is a story of an awful air travel experience. American Airlines epically fouled up what should have been a simple trip. They did so at length, then utterly failed to make good.

ImageOn Monday, March 2nd, I was scheduled to fly from Reagan National Airport* (in Washington, DC: code named “DCA”) to Toronto Pearson International Airport (the delightfully coded “YYZ”).  In Toronto I was to give a speech the following day to the University of Toronto’s Sustainability School, entitled “Universities on Fire: Academia Confronts the Climate Crisis in the Polycrisis.”  It should have been a simple flight, around 90 minutes, giving me plenty of time to meet my hosts, have dinner, sleep, then prepare for more the next day.

Instead it took me about 26 hours to get there.

On Monday I arrived at DCA around 11:30 am for a 3 pm flight.  I wanted to get there early since it was an international flight, meaning extra security to go through. There were also some external factors impinging, such as the US government shutdown which cut pay to TSA officers, and the Iran war was starting to hit global air travel.

I went through security smoothly and got some lunch before heading to the gate.  Soon American Airlines started issuing delays: 15 minutes here, 30 minutes there, another 15 minutes.  Then they made a gate change, which to my travel-seasoned mind is often a bad omen. Finally we started boarding.  Around 75% of the passengers walked down the jet bridge when the gate agents called for a stop.  They had apparently made a security error and needed to deplane everyone, do some procedure, then re-board us all.

We groaned and complied, Folks hauled their carry-ons back to the gate area, sat, and waited while some opaque procedure transpired. Then we boarded again. The plane rolled out into a holding position, because the boarding snafu cost us our position in line.  We waited on the tarmac. Snow started falling. We waited long enough that the plane needed to be de-iced, so we then waited for that process to be arranged, occur, and finish up. Then at last the plane rolled forward.

That sense of progress rapidly fell apart when the captain announced a mechanical error was afoot.  An exterior door was apparently opening on its own (!), so repairs were needed.  Passengers groaned as the plane peeled away from the main lanes, then waited for a while until we could dock as a gate and deplane. For the second time.

Now tired and frustrated, we passengers filed into a gate area and waited.  Gate agents had nothing to offer: no information, no sympathy, certainly no food or drink vouchers.  Time passed. The sun set.  8, 9 pm came and went.

Finally came the announcement: the door was good to go.  We boarded the plane for the third time, joking about deja vu, and the plane rolled away from the gate.  Again we waited to get in line.  Again the plane needed de-icing and waited thereby.

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De-icing, round 2

Finally, de-iced and repaired, the plane rolled into position to wait again… only for the pilot to tell us that by the time we’d finally land in Toronto Canadian customs would have shut down for the night.  Our much-delayed flight was, therefore, canceled.

We slowly rolled back to the gate. Here, amidst the cries of passengers, occurred the one positive development.  I whipped out my phone and called American Airlines.  The automated system claimed it’d be two hours to talk to a person. Not good. I switched to the American mobile app and in a minute was able to rebook myself a flight for 10 am the next morning.  I double and triple checked, getting a digital boarding pass.

The tired passengers and plane finally reached the gate. We filed out to ask gate agents for succor. Out of around six workers only one showed sympathy. They all denied our requests for drink, food, and hotel vouchers, citing weather as the sole cause for problems. When we pointed out that, in fact, American staff had given us other, non-meteorological reasons, they shrugged and claimed that’s all they had.  We asked why there was that customs scheduling problem – surely they flew to Toronto every day and should have known this when we departed?  The responses were more shrugs.

It was late at this point, around 11 pm, and I needed sleep. I considered taking an airport hotel and rejected it for price reasons.  I thought about going home, since I live about 90 minutes from DCA, so going back to my own bed for a little while was an option. But it would take time to get back home, and probably take at least three hours to fight through morning rush hour traffic to return to the airport, plus spending time in security, meaning I’d have gotten maybe 2 hours of sleep… I decided to just sleep in the terminal. So did dozens of other people, each of us setting up near a power outlet for our devices. National Airport believes in hostile architecture, meaning there were no benches and each chair was designed to keep you upright without relaxing. So we all tried various permutations, like sleeping on tables, before everyone settled on the terminal’s floor to fitfully doze.

I emailed my Canadian hosts to update them on the massive delay. Then I recorded a short video about events so far and posted it to YouTube.  You can get a sense of the story and a glimpse of my haggardness here:

DAY 2

Thought the night I kept waking up in the intense glare of lights. Airport workers also made noises doing their rounds. Around 6 am I staggered up from the carpet for good and went to check on things.  My 10 am flight was still scheduled, according to the overhead displays and the mobile app. I found its gate, settled down in a seat, fired up  my laptop and returned to work.  I was gleeful when I saw the right plane pull up to our gate. I estimated that the 90 minute flight would land me in Toronto with enough time to at least hit my hotel for a shower and change of clothes.

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The American Airlines service desk nearest our gate, unstaffed for the duration of our troubles.

Then American announced a delay. Then a second one. And then they described a mechanical error – another door, the main one this time.  Gate agents had no idea how long it would take.  All of us from the previous flight groaned. We groaned again when we saw that a baggage handler had hauled our luggage to the plane and left it all on the tarmac. As the rain started coming down, I thought about my clothes, as well as the stack of books I had packed.  Gate agents refused us food vouchers.

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Our luggage, marinading in rain.

Finally gate agents announced that maintenance had fixed the door.  We boarded the plane – our sad group’s fourth attempt. The plane pushed away from the gate and waited on the tarmac. I watched the time tick away and realized that when I reached Toronto I wouldn’t be able to make the hotel in time for my talk, but would instead have to go right from YYZ to the speech venue. I emailed this update to my hosts as the plane took off.

The flight was uneventful. We landed around 2:30 pm. My speech was due to start at 3:30. I raced through the airport, had good luck sliding through customs, found my luggage (soaked), then ran for a taxi (faster than Uber) by 3 pm. The driver said it would be hard to get to my destination in time, but he’d try.

After bustling through traffic we reached the library venue at 3:29. One professor was waiting for me. I paid the taxi – receipt timestamped 3:31 – and ran down a hallway to a lecture hall. There my hosts were waiting, as was a crowd.  Wearing the clothes I’d slept in, minus a tie, hair fairly messed up, I took the stage and began the talk. Politely I began in French.

And so

The events I had actually traveled for were excellent. My presentation went over well. I met and talked with many students. It was inspiring to see so many students, faculty, and staff working on climate change.  I learned a lot about the university and appreciated the powerful Fort Book library:

Image

The astonishing rare books reading room at the Robarts Library.

Meanwhile I spent some time pleading with American Airlines for help. I reached out via email, phone, and Twitter/X to get satisfaction, explanations, refunds, anything. The airline stonewalled. At every turn American claimed weather beyond their control was entirely to blame, and so they owed me (and others) nothing.  I repeated what their own workers had said, the two mechanical problems, the bad boarding, the customs problem, and the representatives denied all of it.  It was very much a “who are you going to believe, me or your lying eyes?” encounter.

My return trip on Thursday wasn’t so horrendous.  Yes, it was delayed several times. The boarding process stopped for a while without explanations.  The plane was packed. The flight was turbulent enough to stop any service. I arrived at DCA much later than planned, but was able to take the Metro towards home.

I’m posting my story here out of sheer frustration.  American Airlines screwed up royally and refuses to admit it. They won’t try to help the passengers whose days they trashed.  For that incompetence and arrogance, this is a record.

*I am old and political enough to abhor saying “Reagan airport.”

 

Posted in travel | 13 Comments

How I follow the Iran war

A quick post today, as I juggle a vast pile of projects and horrendous travel (post to come): some friends asked me how I get news on the Iran war, so I thought I’d sketch out the practice.

Here’s my current system. Consider it an an hoc system of information/digital literacy practices.

One principle I follow in structuring all of this is that of the classic futures scanning method. I try to organize multiple, diverse perspectives. I also look into, or through, multiple schools of thought, disciplines, and methods. I’ve love to hear your suggestions in comments.

Websites

I regularly scan what I think of as top level news websites, including Bloomberg, the Wall Street Journal, the New York Times, Al-Jazeera, the Guardian, and various continental European sources. These give me quick updates on events, while also serving as a useful glimpse into what various nations and organizations are thinking.  Some of these are free and open, while others I access through my university or pay for by subscription.

The Institute for the Study of War does solid, extensive information gathering.  I rely on them for other wars, too, like Russia-Ukraine.  The war’s Wikipedia page is solid for reference, frequently updated.

I also scroll through news sites and blogs in my RSS reader, Inoreader.  Old school and it works like a charm!

Today I found a new one, World Monitor, which I’ll test out.  Looks fascinating:

World Monitor screenshot

I don’t know what’s going on in the bottom left.

Email newsletters

I read a lot of newsletters in general, and appreciate some for news and analysis on the Iran war.  Among the most useful are those from Adam Tooze, Noah Smith, Bill McKibben, Doomberg, China Talk, and John Ellis.

Social media

There’s a good amount of useful and/or interesting content on X/Twitter (here’s me).  Many official announcements from around the world occur there, plus people sharing open source intel to various degrees of bias and nerdery.  In contrast, Bluesky is more useful for progressive, antiwar, anti-Trump commentary.

I also follow Trump’s Truth.social feed.  It’s an import source, of course, both for tracking Trump’s various thoughts as well as the presidency’s information strategy, although reading it gives me a headache.

Podcasts

I regularly listen to the better news podcasts, like Reuters and BBC, along with NPR for a quick headline sketch. I also listen to deeper, more analytical programs from various perspectives, such as School of War, Monocle’s Foreign Desk, Foreign Affairs, China Talk, Alternate Shots, Ones and Tooze, Times of Israel, Munk Debates, and Doug Henwood’s show.

Messaging apps

I follow several Telegram channels, which can be a swirl of news and rumors. I also connect with some friends and scholars there.

Individuals sharing and reaching out

All kinds of people ping me individually across just about any platforms.  Emails, Facebook DMs, YouTube comments, Signal notes, all cross my transom, as do in person conversations, sharing their thoughts and observations. I reach out to some individual experts for their views. I also try to stay in touch with friends, colleagues, and students in and near the war zones, again using whichever tech works for them.

What I’m not using

To keep up with the Iran war I’m not using anything in print (paper newspapers, magazines), as they either lag behind too much or are more easily accessed digitally. I don’t listen to the radio, although podcasts are close.  I continue to shun tv news as it offers nothing to me except time wasting and shallowness, but I’m considering checking in on Fox News, in order to get a better handle on Trump.  That will probably give me a migraine.

Some social media platforms aren’t very useful on this score. In my experience Mastodon doesn’t cover current news very much. LinkedIn tends to avoid politics. Some friends recommend YouTube commentaries and interviews but my schedule doesn’t let me watch them, especially one hour plus videos.

I haven’t looked into Tiktok for Iran war news because I don’t really use the app. As a good American I only use Whatsapp a little, and am not sure how to turn it to geopolitical information-gathering.

One possibility in my mind: we could do a Future Trends Forum session on the Iran war’s impact on higher ed. How does that sound?

How about you? Anything useful I’ve missed?

Posted in digital literacy | 2 Comments

Thoughts on turning 59 in the year 2026

How does a futurist look at his or her own life?

It’s very strange to turn 59, which I did last week. That’s a largely unremarkable thing, since aetat. 59 doesn’t count as an obvious milestone, like 50 or 65. Accordingly, I wrote this post in a typical set of days crammed with work and routines without a pause or rupture to mark the event.

It’s doubly strange to write about as I’ve long found it awkward to speak about myself.  It might be a generational thing, where we Xers react against the epically autobiographical Boomers.  To me writing about my life also feels like a misfocus of attention, as there are topics beyond my life that I find vastly more important and interesting.  Writing about myself feels self-indulgent and egotistical. Yet intellectually I know that autobiography and memoir have some value for people. And some folks have said that like this kind of writing from me. So I keep practicing.  Looking ahead, maybe this post can serve as a useful snippet of a time, a glimpse into the year 2026. 

I’ve attempted this birthdayblogging before, usually a bit of reflection, some memoir, and a touch of futuring. Let’s try it again. (Previously: 2024, 2023202220212019201820182017)

the number 59 on a brick wall

When people ask me about how my life is going my instinct is to speak of my family.  I proudly proclaim that my wife survived two (2) heart attacks and is developing a fascinating AI technique.  I tell people that my adult (!) children are healthy and productive. (It’s still weird to think how old they are.)

My other impulse is to talk about professional matters.  Here I can claim some progress.  My strange, cobbled-together career as a futurist keeps thrumming along and advancing. My newest book, Peak Higher Ed, came out last month, culminating a long-running research and futures scenario.  I adore writing books and am now working on two more.  Meanwhile, colleges, universities, associations, nonprofits, businesses, and governments around the world regularly ask me to speak or consult.  Georgetown University still lets me teach in their Learning, Design, and Technology program.  The Future Trends Forum, the video program I launched way back in 2016, celebrated its ten year anniversary of holding hundreds of regular, weekly programs.  Nearly 10,000 people are in our community, and they make each episode work.   There is, in fact, much to kvell about.

Over the past year one research topic loomed larger than everything.   Some readers, viewers, and listeners know I track nearly 100 trends reshaping higher education. I try to present on that whole range wherever I can. But AI has been overwhelmingly what people want to hear and talk about.  By “people” I mean faculty, staff, publishers, senior administrators, government officials, nonprofit officers, and journalists.  “Yes yes,” they say politely, “demographics and college finance and the polycrisis are all interesting but will AI throw us out of work/kill us all/die in an epic bubble/etc.?” Accordingly I’ve been devoting more time to AI, between teaching a Georgetown seminar on its impacts on higher ed to speaking about it to writing more on this Substack.

(The opposite reception greets climate change.  At risk of generalization, within the academy global warming interest has collapsed, notably in the United States. The topic appears nearly nowhere, from publications to conferences, social media, and informal conversation.  My sense is that this echoes the American Democratic party’s walking away from the topic.  I, showing a chronic inability to read the room, keep on with it.  I write and speak about climate change, despite some friends and colleagues advising me not to. I network with the small group of brilliant, energetic academics who persist in working on the topic. My bet, my conviction, is that global warming remains the vast civilizational crisis we must meet and I remain committed to that in my professional and personal lives.)

Bryan turning 59 Poe tshirt 2026

Very happy with this Poe t-shirt.

So much for professional work. Now for other work. Over the past year I’ve increased my physical fitness efforts.  In non-icy weather I bike around three times a week, either through the neighborhoods and local park or to do errands to a library, grocery store, pharmacy, and so on, aiming for up to 10 miles at a time. I also biked to the gym, where I’ve been ramping up my workouts.  Now I skip the bike and drive my wife and I to the gym 6-7 times each week.  There I use a stationary bike, then hit the machines to work on my legs, gut, chest, and arms.  Progress has happened. I managed to work myself back up to bench pressing 300.   My weight remains stable at around 220; hopefully this means I’m burning fat and adding muscle.

This all feels good – well, afterwards – and impresses my primary care physician.  The combo of biking and weight training is also good for the body as it ages up.  One friend told me the 70-year-old version of me with be grateful for this effort.  Here’s hoping.

In other disgustingly healthy news I remain committed to the vegan diet, trying out new recipes every other week.  I still avoid alcohol and caffeine.  On this score, too, my physician is delighted.  Hopefully my elder self will be similarly pleased.  In all honestly, every day of health is one I’m thankful for. It feels good to have some strength and stamina.  It’s also vital that I have the physical capacity to keep working.

One visible sign of decay is that my eyes grow weaker, at least in the short range.  I can only read with glasses now. Years of fine ocular health mean it’s not easy to remember to carry glasses, and I often resort clumsily to using my phone.  The phone also saves my reading through ebooks, which I increasingly prefer to print ones, despite the thousands of the latter in my library, because I can embiggen text.  To cheer myself up on this score I think of myself as a vision cyborg.  I do know it’ll get worse.  More ocular tech and/or some surgery await me down the road.

On the mental side… on the one hand, I’m wracked by stress.  The crisis afflicting academia is what I study now, and it presents all kinds of anxieties to me as I dread what’s happening to beloved institutions and cherished colleagues.  It hits me personally as well. Regularly I scramble to head off potential, downstream threats to my livelihood – which gets harder to talk about in the open.  Again, as an independent academic lacking tenure or family funding my status is quite fragile. Looking ahead I dread what might happen to Social Security and Medicare due to American politics, as well as what might occur to what little I’ve managed to put ahead towards a retirement which seems ever more unlikely to occur.  Hence my 60-70-hour work weeks.

I know I it will become harder to do that schedule as I hit my seventh decade.  Every year I vow to redesign my schedule. Every year the needs roar in and demand my days.  I don’t yet see a way to do less – which might end up being my final words.

A good deal of this stress is political, of course.  The second Trump administration has clobbered the world and academia in all kinds of ways, which I’ve tried to document in this video series and so don’t need to repeat here.   I hear from campus architects, student life administrators, presidents, health staff, faculty, librarians, state government officials, and others about the many ways the federal government and also some state administrations are whipsawing the academic world.  Personally, I’m trying to do what I can, between making those videos, writing and speaking about the political crisis, volunteering with a local climate group, joining demonstrations, meeting with state politicians, and doing some social media stuff.  I try to protect my students and family above all – and, once again, there are limits to what I can say in public.  When geopolitics hits home risks explode.

And there are risks here.  I sometimes travel to other countries to speak or consult, and dread every time that US Customs will stop me at the border.  As you can see, it’s easy to find my political attitudes online. I worry, too, about losing professional work for political reasons.  There are some conservative academics, yes, but more a large chunk of the academy who fears sticking their neck out lest it gets chopped, and so don’t want me to draw attention to them.  Multiple times over the past year I’ve negotiated with hosts about what I could or should not say. I always strive to be analytical, which seems to work in most situations. At the same time I sometimes get grief from other academics who think I’m not doing enough, am too critical of Democrats, or am not sufficiently opposed to the GOP.  I remember reading one historian’s introduction to a book he wrote in the late 1980s, where he apologized for falling silent over some years because he’d been so politically active (against nuclear weapons, I think). I wish I could embrace that kind of commitment but do not have the privilege.

Image

On the other side of the mental question, I find myself increasingly astonished and delighted at the sheer presence of most of the world and its people. Both the human-built environment and the non-human environment soak up my attention and appreciation in an almost embarrassing way.  I marvel at buildings and cities, obsessively photograph rivers and plants.  Spending time thinking about existential threats sharpens the world’s value for me.

The sheer presence of other people strikes me as marvelous. I’m much more concerned about other folks’ health and safety than I ever have been, perhaps because I’ve lost too many friends over the past decade and also lived through a global pandemic which killed millions, or because there are health and emergency services people in my family.  I think of my dead friends nearly daily. They appear in different circumstances.  I want to tell one about a book I just read, or hear another teasing me about not lifting harder, or think of a third when I bake a certain bread. The ghosts are with me, if you like, a benign crowd, a penumbra of memories.

Now I try to attend to living people much more. I attempt to be more open to their lives than to my own, practicing listening to their stories rather than telling mine.  In doing so I seek to reduce my ego in their presence, clearing space for them to express themselves.  I do this in my teaching, in presentations, in conversations, interviews, and meeting people.  It’s easy for me to get my thoughts out, as an extrovert who’s built several platforms. It’s more and more rewarding work to make openings for others.  And it makes me happy to do so.  

One downside is that it leaves me more open than I should be to slights and attacks.  In grad school one of my professors gave a talk to a room full of people.  Out of the roughly 100 there 99 applauded enthusiastically, but one was very opposed to the talk. My professor was grateful but deeply concerned about the singular critic. I find myself in a similar position, taking opposition obsessively to heart.

I don’t know to what extent all of this is typical for someone at age 59. I don’t know how to slice that question for someone of my age, gender, sexuality, economic status, religion, geographical location, politics, and so on.  A few behaviors I hear about from the <>60 years old population feel congenial to me, like increasingly loving and caring for my family and friends.  I confess to losing track of current music and fashion, although I make a point of not just listening to music I listened to as a teenager. Many popular descriptions of aging seem foreign to me, like a sense of one’s life slowing down, or feeling a decreasing concern for what other people think of me. None of that makes any sense. I definitely don’t feel like I’m in a glide path to retirement.

All of this, all of the preceding is the setting for pushing on to age 60, a true milestone I really have a hard time imagining.  The contours of work and health are easier to think about.  As ever, I want to do more. I want to keep learning. I need to improve my language skills, both the ones I’ve studied before (French, Russian) and ones I’m attempting now (Spanish, Chinese).  Two new book projects are on deck, one about technology and one on the future.  I want to improve my video production enterprise with more interesting editing and more output. AI looms over all, sometimes, and I really want to be able to better grapple with it in my futures work.

I began this post by mentioning futures thinking and also a lack of sudden change, and these two thoughts are in some friction with each other.  The future often occurs through rapid change, transformation, and rupture, and this post has ignored those possibilities in favor of continuities. Let’s close by being open to those options of sudden switches.  All kinds of them are on the table. I’m old and tired enough that a stroke or heart attack wouldn’t be implausible, nor a cancer to appear, my good health aside. All kinds of accidents could claim me health or life.  I have to look hard at these possibilities, and have prepared for some by insurance, yet changes in medical insurance can devastate a family.  There are also sudden positive developments which could advance or comfort my life – new technologies, new financial support, a political transformation for the better.

Other accidents are possible.  My professional life could implode if I make a terrible mistake or get hit by an attack political or otherwise. Meso- and macro-level developments can strike, and those I’m more familiar with: political chaos, economic disruption, a technological crisis, or a true black swan/wild card event. This life could be knocked sideways at any point.  The road to 60 and beyond is not a single, smooth route, but a careening flight through a crazed landscape.

(Deep breath) OK, that’s enough memoir-ification for now. This is too long. Besides, I’ve got a series of posts about a different topic I need to set in motion.

Meanwhile, I hope to keep my health going.  I hope it’s good enough that I can keep working hard and making a difference. More, I want my family and friends to be safe. I want more lifelike Roy Baty says, and in it I want to get more done. I hope I can help us through this dark, wild time.

Onward.

(59 photos by duncan cumming, Jerolek)

Posted in personal | 10 Comments

Campus cuts, closures, mergers, and layoffs for winter 2025-2026

Greetings from an unusual winter storm in the Washington, DC area.  I’m writing this after two weeks of some snow, lots of ice, and very low temperatures for the area (circa 10-25 °F).  Fortunately we didn’t lose power nor suffer any property or bodily damage.

Today’s post is one of my semi-regular surveys of cuts to higher ed. I’ve been scanning for institutional closures, mergers, and staff/program cutbacks for several years. My goal is to collect evidence of such reductions, assembling them in one spot for public access. (Previous posts from 2024: March 1March 20March 28, AprilMayJuneJulySeptemberNovember. From 2025: FebruaryJuneJulyAugust, October.)

My focus in these posts is American higher education, mostly due to reasons of time. I have touched on other, closely related nations at times.

I’ve divided what follows into institutional closures, mergers, cuts, and potential cuts to come, with some reflections at the end.

1 Closures

Martin University (Historically Black University*, Indiana) “paused operations” in early December, then let all staff go a couple of weeks later, then announced it would close in January.

Martin University home page no sign of closing

No sign of closing on homepage so far.

California College of the Arts (private, San Francisco) will close next year, and Vanderbilt University (private research, Tennessee) will purchase its grounds. Vanderbilt will then create the “California College of the Arts Institute at Vanderbilt.”

Eastern Nazarene College (private, Massachusetts) closed in 2025.  A complex plan involving teach-out to several colleges, turning parts of the campus into private housing, and selling other parts to an alum fell through.

(At the end of 2025, Inside Higher Ed reflected on 15 nonprofit colleges and universities which closed that year.)

2 Mergers

Pomona College (private, liberal arts, California) and Claremont Graduate University (private research university, also California) are in talks for a merger – specifically, for the former to acquire the latter.  It sounds like a delicate negotiation:

On the table is a deal that would turn CGU into a legal subsidiary of Pomona. This would not mean, according to CGU, that Pomona would subsidize its operations. Rather, Pomona would provide strategic guidance while helping it explore options for new financial models, investment management and additional revenue.

“CGU and Pomona would remain distinct institutions with separate admissions, academic programs, faculty, and degrees,” CGU said on its FAQ page. “Each school would continue to serve its own students and maintain its own educational mission.”

Likewise, Pomona President Gabrielle Starr said in a statement Thursday that “Pomona’s liberal arts undergraduate mission must and will not be turned aside by any agreement with CGU.”

They are both part of the Claremont Colleges consortium.  It’s unclear how a merger would impact that alliance.

3 Campuses cutting programs and jobs

Rider University (private, New Jersey) laid off 30 full time professors in December. I can’t tell how many are tenure-track or tenured.  The university then offered to re-hire those people as adjuncts, “with more than a 70% pay cut and no benefits.”   Rider then raised $2 million in donations for a student assistance fund.

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (public research) will close six area studies centers. They include(d) the African Studies Center, the Carolina Asia Center, the Center for European Studies, the Center for Middle East and Islamic Studies, the Center for Slavic, Eurasian and East European Studies, and the Institute for the Study of the Americas.  The rationale looks like cutting expenses.

DePaul University (Catholic, research, Illinois) announced it would lay off 114 staff, or “7% of its full-time and part-time employees,” just before winter break. (archived). The rationale: “financial headwinds due to a significant drop in international graduate student enrollment, an increased demand for financial aid, and the rising costs of benefits.”

Earlham College (private liberal arts, Indiana) announced it would end 109 positions.  According to a local account, “[a]bout 41% of the total positions being reduced are teaching faculty roles.”  The reason: addressing a structural deficit. including those of staff, non-tenure-track faculty, and tenure-track faculty.  According to earlham.edu/faqs a mix of broader trends (they cite demographics, tariffs, inflation, COVID) and the failure of internal investments to pay off are to blame.

An Earlham philosophy professor, Ferit Güven, has been writing a Substack on this story for months.  Güven also hosts other authors, including a recently graduated student who wrote about the college endowment, and an Earlham historian‘s summary of impacts on some specific faculty members.

Christian Brothers University (Catholic, Tennessee) will terminate 16 faculty.  That’s around 19% of the full-time instructional staff, according to Wikipedia.  The reason is persistent financial struggles driven by declining enrollment.  The university declared financial exigency in 2023.

Regents of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln (public, land grant research university) will cut four programs. They include: Earth and atmospheric sciences; educational administration; statistics; textiles, merchandising and fashion design.  Some number of faculty and possibly support staff will lose jobs, but it’s unclear how many.

University of Nebraska Board of Regents 2025_Nebraska Public Media

An apt photo: UNL regents during a public meeting.

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (private research university) cut back its libraries, library services, and librarians.  According to the Boston Globe, “Three of MIT’s five physical libraries will be shuttered or significantly altered within the next two years, and 12 library employees will see their positions eliminated, in addition to four unfilled roles in the department.”  Additionally, the campus is “scaling back its purchases of print books and its paywalled journal subscriptions, opting instead to provide more articles to students and staff on an on-demand basis.”  The drivers here are federal pressures in the form of research support cuts and a bigger endowment tax.

The University of Texas-Austin (public research) is closing a series of units, including its Center for Teaching and Learning, the Office of Community Engagement, the Office of Undergraduate Research, and a student advising center.  As a result UT is laying off “more than 20 people,” according to the Chronicle of Higher Education.  The rationale is unclear.

In Canada, more layoffs continue as that nation massively slashed international student numbers. The Conestoga College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning (public, Ontario) is laying off 400 staff and faculty across four campuses.

4 Impending or likely cuts

The University of Pennsylvania (private, research) asked the campus to “further reduce certain expenditures by four percent in the coming fiscal year.”  The reasons given:

upcoming changes to student loan programs; changes in visa policies; an increase in the endowment tax; and ongoing negotiations related to research funding. In addition, legal, insurance, and benefit expenses that are shared across the University continue to increase faster than revenues, adding to ongoing budget pressures.

The New School (private research university, New York) is engaged in cutting back some programs:

administrators have started to implement a plan to close, overhaul or merge about 30 academic programs or majors; pause nearly all admissions to doctoral programs; and offer buyouts or early retirement to what professors say is about 40 percent of the full-time faculty.

The Oklahoma State University system will end nearly 70 academic programs across its five campuses. Additionally,

Almost 200 of the programs flagged for review will continue under action plans “to boost enrollment and productivity.” Planned changes include updating curricula, implementing strategies to improve enrollment and collaborating with other institutions.

The reason: to improve campus productivity.

The president of Iowa’s Association of Independent Colleges and Universities told that state’s legislature that granting community colleges the ability to award bacherlors’ degrees would harm private baccalaureate campuses. President Gary Steinke states that “[w]ithout any question and without any doubt and without being hyperbolic or anything else, if House Study Bill 533 should pass, some of our private colleges will close.”

San Francisco State University (public research university; in California State University system) is offering more faculty and staff early retirement incentives.

Washington University in St. Louis (private, research, Missouri) asked “[t]enured faculty aged 60 or older with five or more years of experience… to consider retiring .”

Hellenic College Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology (“private Orthodox Christian liberal arts college and seminary,” Massachusetts) is considering selling some land to a development company.  The institution has faced financial challenges over the past decade.

The University of Wisconsin system (public, 21 institutions) is implementing a new metric to measure academic program viability, which might lead to cuts.  The metric “flags programs with an average of 15 or fewer juniors and seniors enrolled annually in a three-year span.”

Northpoint Bible College (“private Pentecostal Bible college and seminary… Massachusetts”) faces an accreditation challenge.  The Association for Biblical Higher Education’s Commission on Accreditation required Northpoint to demonstrate its fiscal stability.  On the secular side, “[i]n February 2024, the college was put on [Massachusetts]’ public watchlist of institutions that are financially unstable and/or at risk of imminent closure,” according to MassLive.

George Washington University (private, research; Washington, D.C.,) paused some PhD program admissions for the 2026-2027 academic year.  According to IHE, “[t]he Ph.D. programs affected are in clinical psychology, anthropology, human paleobiology, political science and mathematics.”  Further,

Two faculty members told Inside Higher Ed that the university was also slashing the total number of Ph.D. packages across all departments within the Columbian College of Arts & Sciences. GWU did not respond to a question about those additional cuts.

Siena University** (Franciscan, New York) ran up an unexpected debt when a donor failed to deliver on promised funding for a new building.

Northeastern University (private research, Massachusetts) cut discretionary budgets for its College of Social Sciences and Humanities very steeply, with reports of more than 70%.

In Canada, Fanshawe College of Applied Arts and Technology (public, Ontario) offered faculty and staff retirement incentives.  Algonquin College of Applied Arts and Technology (public, Ontario) is closing 30 programs, including:

Sustainable architectural design. Horticultural industries. Apprenticeships in horticulture techniques. Manufacturing engineering technician. Pathways to Indigenous empowerment and aboriginal general arts and science. The college points to its new Indigenous studies program instead. Applied museum studies. Design foundations. Journalism. Music, media and film foundations. General arts and science, except English for academic purposes. Music industry arts. Illustration and concept art. Bachelor of culinary arts and food science, specifically honours. Bartending. Business development and sales. Its hospitality program in hotel and restaurant operations management. Tourism, specifically travel. Law clerk. Event management. Financial services. Paralegal. Pre-health pathway to certificates and diplomas. Pre-health pathway to advanced diplomas and degrees, specifically at its Ottawa campus. Recreation and leisure services. Fitness and health promotion, though it will continue online. Business in Pembroke. Business fundamentals in Pembroke. Computer programming in Pembroke. Environmental management and assessment in Pembroke.

No word yet on how many faculty and staff positions will end as a result.

5 Reflections

I’ve written reflections on these kinds of stories before, and dread repeating myself. If you like, scroll up to the top of the post and check the priors out.  For now, let me add some more:

Inside Higher Ed*** considered some of these cuts.  They counted 300 jobs cut in December, after 9000 for all of 2025.  They found federal pressures responsible for a significant portion, and I agree.  The Trump administration’s multi-level campaign against academia has drawn blood. (I document this campaign in a YouTube series.) I fear we’ll see more of this in the rest of 2026, so long as the administration continues its work and as Trump pays attention to the topic.

What I’ve been calling “the queen sacrifice” is clearly in play. That’s when a campus cuts tenure-track and especially tenured faculty, either by declaring financial exigency or by ending/reorganizing programs.  Most of the cuts are to other populations, but the tenured are not immune.  It’s harder to track adjuncts getting cut or simply not re-hired, because such stories get little press, due to the structural marginalization of that population.

Programs falling under the knife tend to be in the humanities, still, but not entirely.  Note the wide range of afflicted departments.  Much is due to a given campus’ micropolitics and situation.

Note the presence of religious schools in this list.  Private schools in general are not immune, but I wonder to what extent religiously-affiliated institutions suffer from America’s decreasing religious belief and identity.

Again I say: while I wrote about these stories with an emphasis on statistics, these are all stories about human beings and damages to human lives.  Let me share just one individual’s story, from Rider University:

Vincent Toro, now an adjunct English professor, was a full-time faculty member before getting laid off and agreeing to return in spring 2026 to “volunteer” to teach.

“I could choose to just collect unemployment and not help the school this way, but I know that it needs professors to teach those classes in order to keep going, and the students need the consistency of working with professors that are already mentoring them,” Toro wrote to The Rider News on Jan. 6.

Toro is set to teach a 200-level introduction to creative writing class and a 300-level playwriting class in the spring semester. After previously receiving a salary of $80,000, Toro said his salary as an adjunct will be less than $10,000 for two classes.

“I am doing this because I mean it when I say that I always, always put students first.”

I’ll close with requests.  First, let me know if this kind of documentation is useful to you. And is this the best format?  Second, as I start preparing the next one, please share any such stories.  You can do so in the comment box below, or reach out to me privately if you prefer.

Take care, everyone.  This is a rough time for higher ed, and looks likely to be hard for the near future.  Be safe and help each other as best as you can.

*Interesting note from Wikipedia: “It was the only predominantly Black institution (PBI) of higher education in Indiana. (It is excluded from the designation Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) because it was founded after the cut-off date of 1964.)”

**Siena only changed its name from College to University a few months ago.

***IHE is moving to a paywall now.

(thanks to Colby B., Nathan Greenfield, Karl Hakkarainen, Tom Haymes, Peter Shea, George Station, and Ed Webb. Thanks as well to Georgetown’s hard-working inter-library loan office.)

Posted in horizon scanning | Tagged , | 10 Comments

Fall 2025 enrollment data: uneven growth, emerging trends

How is college and university enrollment changing?

I’ve been tracking this vital question for years. Today I wanted to share some new data then reflect on it.

National Student Clearinghouse Research Center logoiThe National Student Clearinghouse Research Center just posted their Final Fall Enrollment Trends for fall 2025.  What follows is based on a pre-release briefing, several emailed announcements, the current release, and also years of previous publications.

The tl;dr version is that the total number of students attending American post-secondary institutions in fall 2025 rose by 1%, unevenly across programs, degrees, and institutional types.

Clearinghouse numbers, based on data from 97% of participants, showed undergrad enrollment rising by 1.2%, while graduate school numbers declined by .3%. (There are many more undergrads than grad students in American colleges and universities, which is why the combined number isn’t .6%: “16.2 million undergraduate and 3.2 million graduate students,” according to the report.)

Types of degrees experienced very different patterns.  Certificates soared by 28% and associates’ degrees also did well.  In contrast masters degrees went down 1.2%, driven by private college numbers declining, while doctoral enrollments held steady.  

In terms of institutional type there were strong differences. According to Matthew Holsapple, Senior Director of Research at the Clearinghouse Research Center, who led our briefing: “Community colleges and public universities are gaining ground, while private colleges are down – a clear departure from the broad-based growth of recent years.” 

enrollment changes 2021-2025 Clearinghouse 2026 Jan report

From the report:

Growth in undergraduate enrollment was driven by a 3.0 percent increase in community college enrollment, compared to a 1.4 percent increase at public 4-year colleges. Private 4-year institutions saw declines in undergraduate enrollment this fall (-1.6% at nonprofit and -2.0% at for-profit institutions).

 A key point about community colleges (whose enrollment rose 3%) is the vital importance of dual enrollment (teaching high school students), which constituted 38.4% of their total increase.  Interestingly, primarily online institutions saw an unusual decline of 1.6%, or 25,000 fewer students. 

The report offers this useful illustration of the relative sizes of each sector as they changed over the past five years:

enrollment by sector 2020-2025_Clearinghouse 2026 Jan report

The center offered some disciplinary breakouts of the data, that computer science is shrinking fastCS enrollment dropped down by 14% in grad level programs, following exceptional growth for years.  Undergrad numbers in that field dipped by 3.6%.  Overall, business and health care continue to be – by far – the most popular courses of study.

Overall international enrollment saw strikingly different results.  The numbers of foreign undergrads rose up 3.2%, while grad students from outside the US sank down by 6%.  (There have been several reports on this over the past few months with significantly varying data; I hope to assemble a blog post on them.)

The report broke out some demographics.  The age gap is fascinating, with adult learners falling, as per the Inside Higher Ed summary:

New undergraduate students over the age of 25 decreased by 15.5 percent this fall compared to last year, representing over 35,000 students, while enrollment of students in the 21-to-24 age group fell by a more modest 5.2 percent. While all types of institutions saw some decline along those lines, the dip was the largest at private four-year institutions, where new undergraduate enrollment of those over 25 decreased by a whopping 28 percent.

In terms of race, enrollment rose among all ethnic groups except whites, whose numbers declined: down 2.5% among undergrads, -.5% in grad schools.  In terms of gender women continue the current trend of significantly outnumbering men:

enrollment by gender 2020-2025_Clearinghouse 2026 Jan report

During our briefing, Clearinghouse representatives observed some macro trends through their data.  They were interested in how American higher ed recovered five years after the COVID epidemic began, and determined that total enrollment has now returned to a pre-pandemic level.  Undergrad enrollment in fall 2025 stands about  where things were in 2019.  Graduate enrollment is higher and for-profits even more so.  Yet community colleges are down by 250,000 students, compared to the prepandemic year, despite their recent growth. Overall, said the center team, the American academic system has regained its pre-COVID size, “but not regained its shape.” 

Some notes:

To reprise, enrollment numbers matter for several reasons.  Most colleges and universities depend on student tuition and fees for most of their budgets, so declining enrollment threatens their financial sustainability. And to the extent that America remains committed to “college for all” or at least “getting more people more university experience is a fine thing,” declining students numbers is a problem.

The decline of international student numbers shows the Trump administration’s impact.  These Clearinghouse numbers weren’t broken out by sending nation; I’m very curious to see any specific geopolitical angles, as in which countries sent fewer students and which more.

Short-term programs and degrees are roaring along, although they receive little attention.  As the report states, “Enrollment in undergraduate certificate and associate degree programs continues to grow at a faster pace than bachelor’s program enrollment (+1.9% and +2.2% compared to +0.9%).” The desire for short-term credentials (i.e., certificates) is much stronger than it used to be, and that has substantially driven growth.  We should pay more attention to this.

The transformation of community colleges is noteworthy.  They haven’t regained their peak numbers yet, despite recent growth.  Dual enrollment is what’s keeping them going in a real sense, representing an unheralded and major innovation in the post-secondary space.

I wonder about the primarily online numbers, declining after years of serious growth. Is this a check to that sector?

What about my peak higher education scenario?  Don’t these numbers prove it’s now incorrect? That 1% gain does go against the peak model and suggests a rebound, so either peak is wrong or only lasted for around a dozen years.  Perhaps the post-peak decline was temporary, in other words, and we’re busily bursting past it.

Yet we still have not returned to the actual peak circa 2011-2013. Yes, we’ve recovered from COVID, but recall that there was nearly a decade of decline prior to the pandemic.  From around 2012-2019 total enrollment declined slightly every year.  Remember that that’s a major reversal from decades of growth dating back to the early 1980s.

I asked Clearinghouse staff about this, and in their data they identified 2011 as the year of peak American enrollment with 20.1 million students taking classes then.  The fall 2025 number came close to that older statistic with 19.4 million.   In a followup email to me, the Clearinghouse expanded on the point:

In this report we see a peak total higher education enrollment in fall 2011 at 20.1 million students. There were declines in total enrollment from 2012 until 2023. Though total enrollment has recovered from the steep declines due to the pandemic (19.4M in fall 2025), it has not reached the 2011 peak.

So we’re still below peak.  But if (and it’s a big “if”) total American enrollment growth holds at 1% per year, we might, by my rough calculations, expect to regain peak in about three years (fall 2026: 19.59 million; 2027: 19.79; 2028: 19.99; 2029: 20.19).  By 2030 we will have reached a new and historic peak in total postsecondary enrollment. That’s assuming everything stays steady and no extra pressure exerts itself on student numbers. That means not including a forecast decline in high school graduates, Trump administration effects on international enrollment, Nathan Grawe’s demographic cliff, a souring public attitude towards college and universities, the broader demographic transition, possible AI impacts, and many other factors.

Looked at another way, hitting almost 20.2 million in 2029 would represent a student body constituting a smaller proportion of the American population than it did in 2011, since the nation’s total population grew during those years, thanks mostly to immigration  If we approach 20.2 million students in 2029 that’s 5.89% of the total population, versus 6.46% of 2011’s total, according to my back of the envelope estimate. This matters in terms of the drive to get as many people as possible some post-secondary education.  Put another way, we could reach a new numerical peak by the start of the twenty-first century’s fourth decade, yet fail to return to the historical peak in terms of population proportionality.

Overall, I’m struck by the Clearinghouse’s point about the post-secondary sector not having regained its pre-pandemic shape. Dual enrollment and fewer adults; public sector doing better than private; certificates over macro degrees; more women than men; nonwhite populations growing past the white one; computer science dropping while health care and business rule; undergrads growing while grad students decline – it’s quite an emerging picture.

My thanks to the National Student Clearinghouse Research Center team for sharing this research and for generously engaging with my questions.

Posted in coronavirus, enrollment | 6 Comments

Scanning the present through a polycrisis lens in early 2026

Greetings from northern Virginia, where a local version of winter is graying skies and keeping temperatures in the 35-50 F band. It’s not cold enough for snow or ice, although my decades of living in states with serious winter still cause my shoulders to tense up with anticipatory snow-shoveling and driving on ice reflexes.

I hit the ground in January running full tilt.  My new book, Peak Higher Education, appeared in the world (blog post intro; website) from Johns Hopkins University Press, so I’ve been talking with dozens of readers and interested folks while doing podcast and video interviews. I’m finishing prep for my spring Georgetown University class on gaming in higher ed (here’s the last time I taught it) while helping the program with outreach and application review.   Our American Association of Colleges and Universities AI Institute had its first big meeting of the year on Friday with hundreds of participants. I started working on two new book projects (posts to come) while organizing a series of virtual and in-person events through 2026.  And the Future Trends Forum turns 10 in a few weeks!

But today I wanted to share some thoughts on a different topic while trying something new.  I’d like to return to the polycrisis model I first mentioned four years ago, and to do so through a quick glance at the present moment. Consider it a sample of a futurist looking at the present.  I’ve been recommending that audiences study the polycrisis, so I should give some examples of doing that. If I have time, these notes will end up as a script for a brief YouTube video.

Tooze_polycrisis_one schematic

This polycrisis map is interestingly dated, from 2022.

So, to recap: the polycrisis idea is that multiple crises overlap, intersect, and can make each other worse and/or more complicated.  Some of the crises I track (as instances of trends, in futures parlance) include, briefly:

  • demographics, by fertility, age, and race
  • climate change in its many dimensions
  • national and political geopolitical ambitions for status or expansion
  • national elite strategies to maintain and expand their power
  • macroeconomic shifts, from developing inequalities to financial flows
  • the impacts of technologies.

Then we can cross-connect how these can intersect and exacerbate each other. Rising economic inequality or the ravages of climate change can weaken a nation’s ruling elite’s grasp of power. Demographic changes can drive foreign policy, such as opening borders to immigration or waging wars before the fighting-age population drops below a certain level.  Governments can use AI to strengthen their power, while opposition forces can do the same.

Turning this kind of thinking to current events of January 2026, I can see practical examples of these trends and their overlap. For example, protests have been growing across Iranian cities, despite governmental statements and repression. University students are in the streets and an internet blackout is now in force.  We can see a governing elite struggle to maintain its power in the face of such dissent, but also view itself facing down external, geopolitical pressures as American and Israeli leaders issue threats while supporting protesters. Iran’s leaders also suffer from their own foreign policies backfiring, as they lost the Twelve-Day War with Israel and also saw many of their client forces degraded or destroyed.

I would add a role of climate change which has worsened a horrendous drought so badly that the government has spoken of moving out of parched Tehran and that pollution has gotten worse. Then I’d also add a technological element, as protestors try to use Elon Musk’s Starlink terminals to evade the blackout.  As nations maneuver, the clerical state struggles to retain power, the deposed shah’s son angles for position, and dissenters organize and suffer you can see these forces intersect and overlap.

global_polycrisis_impacted_by_AI._--v_7_ed243fbf-de16-4714-9e0e-9ce11ad27be0_3

Midjourney considers: “The global polycrisis impacted by AI.”

A polycrisis lens lets us see recent immigration stories in a useful light.  In American, recent shootings by ICE, including the murder of Renee Good in Minneapolis, have elicited popular outrage and wild, fantastical responses by the Trump administration.  We can see this as a response to several demographic changes. First, rising numbers of primarily Latino immigrants, which peaked during the Biden administration’s welcoming years, have filled many jobs and also elicited conservative hostility , notably in the personal of Donald Trump.  Decreasing white population numbers have done the same, so we can see the demographic ferocity of ICE actions in that light (cf Noah Smith’s recent post).

The polycrisis lens brings in other factors. Technology plays a key role in the Minneapolis story, as mobile phone videos played a crucial part in bringing the story to a wide audience (as they did for the murder of George Floyd, just blocks away in 2020). I also infer a connection to anxieties about the demographic transition in the right’s doubling down on a fierce masculinity as part of traditional gender roles, with the call for women to have more children.  We can add an intra-elite competition as well, as the two leading American political parties fought over immigration policy.  Macroeconomic factors also powered this story, as sending nations’ economies offered fewer opportunities, while Americans tended to avoid the hands-on jobs immigrants perform.

Britain and the European region have gone through a related process, as their 2010s policies of encouraging north African and Asian immigration have shifted towards stronger border control.

Irregular arrivals of migrants to the EU recorded by its border agency Frontex dropped by 25 per cent in the 11 months to November 2024, and have been continuously declining since a recent peak of 380,000 arrivals registered in 2023.

New asylum applications have also decreased by around 26 per cent in the first nine months of last year, according to Eurostat data, as fewer Syrians are applying for protection since the fall of the authoritarian regime of Bashar al-Assad in late 2024.

Again, we can see the demographic transition as work. Europe’s population has been aging and will continue to do so for at least decades, hence the desire to import a younger population from abroad.  Again, the presence of newcomers and perceptions of how national elites handled their advent elicited opposition, which in turn led governments to shift policies.  One difference from the American case is that the European economy has been struggling, which has enabled policies of restricting immigrants who can draw on famously strong social services.  And climate change plays some role as global warming increasingly strikes sending nations.

Similarly, a polycrisis view reveals multiple forces at play in the American seize of Venezuela’s president. Top of line is Trump’s desire to expand national power and influence with a focus on the Americas, as articulated in the administration’s recently published national security strategy.  Macroeconomic indicators include Venezuela’s sharp decline and the degradation of its oil infrastructure.  Demographics play a role here in the extraordinarily high number of Venezuelans who fled that nation. I would add climate change in a certain way, namely Trump’s hostility to a green transition in favor of making the United States the world’s leading petrostate.

One technological angle to add to the Caracas story: it’s not clear how the United States managed such a triumph in seizing Maduro. My guess is that there mere multiple assets and compromised figures in the government, but I’m also interested in any technological elements.  Did American forces conduct cyberwar to shut down radar, or use EMP to turn off local electronics, or use some other weapon which hasn’t been outed yet?

Let me pause here. There are plenty of other examples to address and more dimensions to draw out, but this is a useful starting set.

We can step back from these examples to see broader polycrisis dimensions. Some national governments are becoming more active in interstate competition; the American resurgence combined with focus on North, Central, and South America might encourage national elites elsewhere to follow suit. Climate change continues to hit the world with various impacts, no matter what a denialist administration avers.  The demographic transition continues, rucking up the political landscape. Technologies accelerate some political events; I haven’t had time to mention the impact of AI on the economy yet.

We could think of this in terms of increasing and systemic risk across the board. Starting a career, investing money in an enterprise, choosing a national policy, deciding where to live all seem increasingly fraught.

Overall, my sense is that national elites are struggling and sometimes failing to hold on to power and the polycrisis deepens.  I fear that this mega-development will, among other things, encourage people to focus nationally, locally, and not globally.

I hope this is of some use. Let me know your thoughts.  And I really should make an infographic.

Posted in futures, horizon scanning | 2 Comments

Come study with me at Georgetown University

Are you interested in education and technology?  Is working on the future of higher education a goal for you?  Then consider taking classes with my colleagues and I at Georgetown University’s Learning, Design, and Technology program!

This is a graduate program where people study the intersection of higher education with technology from a design thinking perspective.  We work on Georgetown’s campus, in the heart of the great city of Washington, DC.

LDT’s curriculum is rich and focused. A foundations class introduces new students to graduate study, our topics, and professional directions, while starting to build a learning community.   Required classes cover vital topics: technology, learning and design methods, learning analytics, the university as design problem, and educational research methods.  An eportfolio class helps students build a web presence, with an emphasis on WordPress and students’ own web domains.  Then there are a host of electives, from AI’s impact on higher ed to gaming for learning and teaching,  data analytics to critical speculative design for social justice.

Foundations 2022_whole group cropped unmasked and smiling

Personally, I teach seminars on AI’s impact on higher education, on technology and innovationeducational technologygaming in education, and the future of higher ed, plus the foundations class.  I include AI in all of these classes now.

Pedagogically, LDT is all about active learning. We keep lectures to a minimum and instead emphasize discussion, student inquiry, hands-on work, project-based learning, and constructivism.

The student body is brilliant. Students come from a wide range of backgrounds: higher ed, K-12, nonprofits, media, museums, and more.  They are thoughtful, creative, and ambitious.  And students are thoroughly international, with people drawn from around the world, from India, China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Pakistan, Kenya, Nigeria, Columbia, Chile, Canada, to name a few.

Foundations 2024_David Ebenbach hands out

Moreover, my colleagues are great.  They include Eddie MaloneyMaggie DebeliusYianna VovidesRandy Bass, Dawan Stanford, David EbenbachLee Skallerup Bessette, and more.  I consistently learn from them as we design every semester’s offerings. I feel like I’m getting another MA by working with them.

Naturally I love teaching in the program. It’s a joy to work with these students on these topics. Every day I’m excited to be in classes build around active learning and to see students flourish.  I bring in my latest research to see what folks make of it, which is both productive and fun.

So much good stuff comes right out of the LDT world.  In classes students create great research and projects.  Faculty write books and make other media.  Everyone collaborated on the powerful Big Rethink project.  And then, after getting their MAs, students go on to great professional success: promotions, new jobs, PhD study, starting new enterprises, changing their organizations, rethinking education… which is the point of the whole thing.  Personally, I love hosting LDT graduates in the Foundations class, so they can show new students what they’ve accomplished.

LDT Foundations 2025 students day 1

Check out the LDT website.  Look into the classes I teach, if those interest you.  Fling questions at me or the program staff.  Then, if this engages you, please do apply.

Posted in classes and teaching, teaching | Leave a comment

Merry Christmas, all

Today I’m taking a break from blogging to wish all of you who celebrate a merry Christmas.  If you’re in a cold and/or wet climate, be warm and dry.  Hug your loved ones and relish some downtime.  Be safe and take care.

See you all soon.

Image

(photo by JLS Photography)

Posted in personal | Leave a comment

Launching my new book, Peak Higher Ed

Greetings from the darkest week of the year in the northern hemisphere. As winter solstice draws nigh I’m preparing some end-of-year posts.  But first, this month Johns Hopkins University Press is publishing my new book, Peak Higher Ed: How to Survive the Looming Academic Crisis. and I’m very excited.  Go, little book!

On Thursday we held a Future Trends Forum session officially launching Peak.  For fun we switched up the usual arrangement, as I became a guest, not the host, and friends Wesson Radomsky and Brent Anders ran the show.

Forum PHE

I wanted to write about it here to share the news, but also because this book grew out of a blog post.  Let me explain.

A dozen years ago I was doing some environmental scanning and was struck by some data which surprised me.  In 2012-13 American higher ed enrollment had declined slightly and this got me thinking.  As far as I knew student numbers had always been rising, at least in my experience.  What might a reversal mean?  If this one year’s decline wasn’t an aberration, what might a further decrease look like? If higher ed was starting to slide down past its peak, what could happen to colleges and universities? I did some futures analysis then jotted down thoughts in a blog post.

In the ways blogs worked back then, this post stirred some comments and interest.  I reflected and noodled at the idea, next writing up the idea as an Inside Higher Ed column. Josh Kim wrote a riposte which helped develop things further. People wrote me offline and approached me in person, worried about what post-peak academia might become. I developed peak higher ed into a future scenario and started presenting on it to in-person and virtual audiences, adjusting it as feedback rolled in, while continuing to blog about it as new data appeared.  For example, in 2018 I noted that enrollment was still declining, as per the peak model. Again, Josh Kim responded. In 2019 I turned in the book manuscript for Academia Next and it included a peak higher ed scenario chapter.  That book covered a lot of ground, dwelling on many trends and multiple scenarios.

Time passed. I continued to track and analyze trends reshaping higher education, including those which formed the peak model. I bounced the idea around with many people (see the book’s acknowledgements). I published a second Hopkins book, Universities on Fire, which focused on one single trend, climate change.

In 2023 I wanted to change from writing about a trend to focusing on a scenario at length and pitched a book proposal to Johns Hopkins University Press. In my offer I worked in many issues besides the core peak idea to see how they might intersect. The publisher agreed to a contract.  Being a pro-open person, I quickly blogged my proposal and plan in 2024 then set to work. I actually followed the plan closely, developing each chapter in the proposed sequence, and now the book is in the world.  As a lifelong science fiction fan, I’m delighted to have a trilogy in print.

That’s quite a journey starting from a single blog post.

Let me say a bit more about what the book contains.  The first two chapters sketch out the scenario in some detail, describing how enrollment and the number of post-secondary institutions rose, peak, and fell.  Next, “After the Consensus Shattered” examines that story in light of the call for “college for everyone,” which has fallen on hard time (as I blogged).  A major and open question is: what collective understanding of higher education will succeed it?

The next three chapters engage with three major forces or problems in the world and how they might intersect with post-peak academia. “Automation Comes for the Campus” focuses on AI and ends up offering several scenarios for how that technology might impact colleges and universities.  “The Anthropocene Is Here, Ready or Not” addresses climate change, the subject of my previous book, and explores several ways higher ed might engage that enormous force.  Then “Academia and the Struggle for Humanity’s Future” picks up my hypermodern/demodern idea to ponder how post-secondary education could grapple with emerging ideologies of human progress.

The book concludes with two visions of the academy’s next phase.  One, “Managed Descent,” imagines the sector continuing to slide down away from peak.  The last, “Climbing Back to Peak,” offers some ways by which academics might reverse course and transform our institutions.  We could, if we dream boldly and with care, realize “peak” as in “peak performance.”

There’s a little website for the book, where you can learn more about it, and which includes ordering links from Amazon, Bookshop.org, and Johns Hopkins.  I’m so grateful to the many people who helped me realize this book.  And as always, I’d love to hear from readers.

PHE banner alexander-square-available

Posted in automation, climatechange, Future Trends Forum, higher education, scenarios, writing | Tagged | 1 Comment

Campus closures, mergers, cuts for late 2025

It’s December now, and the mid-Atlantic American seaboard is getting cold and dark. That mood might be too on the nose for today’s topic, which is current cuts to colleges and universities, but it might simply be appropriate.

If you’re new to this series, I’ve been tracking how campuses have been closing, merging, cutting programs, and laying off staff.  I do this as part of a futurist horizon scanning practice, looking into current events and recent history for documentary evidence of potential futures.  You can find previous posts on my blog, from 2024: March 1March 20March 28AprilMayJuneJulySeptemberNovember; from 2025: FebruaryJuneJulyAugust, October.

We’ll start this one with a closure, followed by a merger, then spent most of our time on cuts, followed by crises and hints of cuts to come.   As usual I add a quick description and Wikipedia link for each institution. I’m also increasingly adding archived copies of stories when paywalls occur.

1 Closures

Sterling College (private, Vermont) will close after the spring 2026 semester. The reasons given won’t surprise my readers: declining enrollment and growing financial imbalances.

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Inhabitants of Craftsbury, the town where Sterling is located, are already very concerned about the closure’s impact.

As a former resident of the state, I want to draw readers’ attention to this point:

Sterling is the latest in a series of small private schools throughout Vermont to close over the last decade. They include Burlington College, Green Mountain College, Southern Vermont College, College of St. Joseph, Marlboro College and Goddard College.

2 Mergers

New Jersey City University (public) and Kean University (public, research-2) agreed to merge, becoming Kean Jersey City.  As with most academic mergers this is asymmetrical, as Kean assumes the financial liabilities of NJCU.  NJCU had declared a financial emergency and was losing enrollment.

The state government kicked in $10 million to help the merger occur.

3 Campuses cutting programs and jobs

Rider University (private, New Jersey) announced it would  lay off between 25 and 40 professors, cut others’ pay by 14%, terminate some senior administrators, stop tuition remission, and pause retirement contributions. NJ.com cites the local student paper as counting the instructional cuts as 25% of the whole professoriate.  Rider has been suffering financial problems severe enough to be sanctioned by its accreditor, the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

Calvin University (private, Michigan) will lose 12.5% of its faculty over the next two years, through a mix of voluntary and involuntary exits. In addition  the campus will end “the French major and minor, the German minor, the journalism minor, the public health major and minor, the sociology major, [and] the therapeutic recreation major.”  Further, “other departments are revising offerings and workloads, or relocating, like the science education studies program moving into the School of Education.”

The reasons are prospective, not based on a current crisis.  According to the student paper, President Greg Elzinga stated that: “Calvin is not in financial crisis. Calvin is in good financial standing. In order to remain in good financial standing, we need to make some choices now that will ensure that we’re sustainable for the long haul.”  While enrollment has risen, “[i]n February 2025, leadership warned that without corrective action, Calvin was headed for a $10 million deficit, citing demographic headwinds and a shifting mood in higher education.”

Michigan State University (public land grant) laid off 99 faculty and staff, after laying off 83 others this year.  According to Higher Ed Dive, “[t]aken together, the job cuts represent 1.3% of Michigan State’s workforce.”  The reasons given include inflation and Trump’s research cuts.

Xavier University (private, Jesuit, historically black) laid off 46 full time workers, “about 6% of the university’s workforce.”  It’s not clear which staff and/or faculty members are being cut, or which units the cuts impact. (archived copy of NOLA story)

Clarke University (Catholic, Iowa) is ending some academic programs and cutting some faculty and staff.  It will, according to local media:

phase out 13 under-enrolled academic programs at the end of the 2025-2026 academic year and eliminate approximately 35-37 positions as part of efforts to address financial pressures.

The private Catholic university announced the changes will affect approximately 23 faculty positions and 12-14 staff positions through attrition, consolidation or program closures.

According to an Inside Higher Ed report, “The majority of program cuts are at the undergraduate level and include subjects such as English, philosophy, and religious studies, all of which university officials have said are underenrolled.” The institution described cost inflation and reduced total enrollment as reasons for these moves, along with an effort to deal with long-term debt.

The College of Idaho (private liberal arts) is cutting several majors and ten professors  and staff. The campus will also add new degree programs:

Starting next fall, the Caldwell-based liberal arts college will no longer offer theater, communication arts and philosophy as majors. These will be replaced with three new undergraduate majors — biochemistry, finance and criminology — and three master’s degrees — data analytics, exercise science and accountancy.

The primary driver for these closures, cuts, and additions was to shift resources from low to high student demand programs.  Elsewhere in that state, the University of Idaho (public land-grant) will cut nearly 30 faculty and staff positions in response to state government cuts.  The Idaho system of seven campuses will implement cuts in various ways.

Eastern Illinois University (public) is cutting 17 staff positions, not rehiring 23 non-tenure-track faculty, and not renewing contracts for four faculty support staff.  Reasons given included federal research cuts, a drop in international enrollment, and “[t]he discontinuation of federal funding from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.”

The University of Northern Colorado (public) will lay off 50 staff members and end 30 unfilled staff positions. Causes include lower enrollments and reduced state support.

The University of Louisiana at Lafayette (public research) terminated three vice presidents.   Interim president Kolluru “did not rule out the possibility of additional budget reductions or personnel cuts.” The campus faces a $25 million deficit.

Carnegie Mellon University (private research, Pennsylvania) cut 75 positions from its Software Engineering Institute (SEI), “approximately 10 percent of SEI’s workforce.” The reason was federal research cuts, unrelated to the October government shutdown.

Keene State College (public liberal arts, New Hampshire) convinced twelve tenure-track professors to accept voluntary separations, after ending 25 staff positions.  The state issued large budget cuts to its universities this year.

The University of Southern California (private research) laid off 55 faculty and staff, “bringing the confirmed total to at least 692 employees laid off since July.”   The campus president cited structural budget problems in addition to the Trump administration’s cuts to research.

Nebraska Wesleyan University (private, Methodist) laid off 14 staff members and reduced three more from full to part time.  The campus is facing financial stresses, driven in part by post-COVID enrollment decline.

Harvard University (private, research) announced it would massively cut new PhD spots, due to Trump’s research grant cuts.  Similarly, The New School (private research university, New York) is pausing new PhD enrollment for the next year, due to financial problems.

Western Michigan University’s public radio station reported on the impact of this summer’s faculty and staff layoffs at Kalamazoo College (private liberal arts, Michigan).

4 Impending or likely cuts

The provost of Yale University (private research, Connecticut) announced more budget cuts, this time in the wake of the increased federal government’s endowment tax. Provost Strobel warned that “[i]n some units, even after these reductions, layoffs may be necessary.”

Earlham College (private liberal arts, Indiana) announced plans for massive budget and staff cuts:

Following its board of trustees’ mandate to balance its budget by 2030, Earlham will cut $18 million from its annual operating expenses over the next four years, a 32% decrease from its current budget…

One way they plan to meet that goal is a “significant reduction in personnel,” cutting staffing costs by about 35%.

One Earlham philosophy professor on his Substack reports calls “to reduce faculty expenses (both teaching and administrative) by between 35% and 45% and staff expenses by 10%.”

Siena University (private, Franciscan; a college until this July) saw a series of faculty and administrators voluntarily leave, after student numbers declined. A campus representative insisted those were not layoffs.  (archived copy of local story).

Roger Williams University (private, Rhode Island) ordered nearly all faculty and staff to take a one week unpaid furlough as that campus faces financial pressures. Yet “[l]ayoffs are not being considered at this time, according to a university statement.”

The Higher Learning Commission accreditor put Wittenberg University (private liberal arts, Ohio) on probation. The reason:

the institution does not meet [accreditation] core component 4.B, which states “the institution’s financial management balances short-term needs with long-term commitments and ensures its ongoing sustainability.”

That assessment is based on Wittenberg’s deficit, uncertain enrollment, and credit issues, among other problems.

Simmons University (private, Massachusetts) deliberately reduced its student numbers, while ratings agency Moody’s downgraded its credit rating to junk status because of those numbers plus high institutional debt.  Bloomberg notes that Simmons’ enrollment has already been dropping:

Simmons enrollment

Boston University (private research) offered voluntary early retirement packages to some faculty, under pressure from a budget deficit last year, declining international enrollment, and federal research cuts.  They’ve already been doing some small cuts: “Since January, BU cut $50 million from its $2.5 billion annual budget, laid off 120 staff members, paused cost-of-living increases, and eliminated 120 open jobs. Around 20 employees also saw their hours reduced or altered.”(Also note this datapoint about academic labor: “Federal data shows that BU employed 701 tenured professors — out of 3,345 total faculty — in fall 2023, the most recent year available.”)

In Canada, fallout continues from that nation’s decision to massively cut international student numbers. For example, Conestoga College (public, Ontario) just offered voluntary  exit packages for all staff.  “All full-time, active support staff at Conestoga were given the option to either accept the package or not; however, what happens if they don’t take it is unclear.”


What might we make of these accumulated stories?

I can identify some general through lines. On the causal side, the Trump administration’s cuts continue to echo through colleges and universities.  Rising costs, notably for health care, pressure institutional budgets.   Enrollment declines keep hitting some campuses.  Institutional debt and borrowing is a problem for some as well.  Demographics are a broad concern. A few schools don’t see themselves in trouble now, but act to get ahead of problems down the road.

On the institutional action side, we’re seeing a mix of cost-cutting measures, from offering voluntary departures to laying off faculty and staff, imposing compensation cuts in various ways, and ending allegedly underperforming programs.  All of these measures occur short of mergers and overall closures.

The humanities continue to bear the brunt of cuts.  Note that some institutions are turning resources to opening new programs which are not in the humanities.

I repeat a theme from 2025: whereas elite universities formerly escaped these stresses and cuts, the Trump administration’s campaign against the academy strikes the sector’s 1%.

Overall, I would expect all of these trends to continue. I’m not seeing significant countervailing actions – no major defenses of public higher ed from Democratic-led state governments, no cultural shift in favor of academia. Campus operational cost inflation appears locked in, given the broader economy.

And so to the darkest night of the year.  I hope everyone in the academic space is safe and sound in this awful situation.  Please do share your thoughts in the comment box below. If you feel you can’t write publicly, please reach out to me directly.

(thanks to Marty B, Concerned community member, Karl Hakkarainen, Phil Katz, Ken Latta, Chris Newfield, Peter Shea, Ed W8EMV, and Ed Webb for links and feedback.  I doff my hat to the journalists at Higher Ed Dive and Inside Higher Ed as they have done important reporting.)

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