In Search of Dimitrios

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Grove Koger

June 28 is the birthday of Eric Ambler, who was born in London in 1909. Usually categorized as a “spy novelist,” Ambler (whom you see in our second image) did write from time to time about people who spied, but it’s more accurate to think of him as writing novels of international intrigue. And it’s in that category that his masterpiece, A Coffin for Dimitrios (1939), fits most comfortably.

The title character, one Dimitrios Makropoulos (or is his last name Taladis? Talat?) was apparently born in 1899 in the Greek (now Turkish) city of Larissa on the western shores of Asia Minor. He began his adult life as a fig packer, but soon enough involved himself in a plot to assassinate “the Gazi”—better known as Mustafa Kemal Atatűrk, first President of the Republic of Turkey. Then, like so many Greeks living in Asia Minor, Dimitrios was displaced during the Second Greco-Turkish War (1921-1922) and soon became involved in the brutal assassination of Aleksandar Stamboliyski, prime minister of Bulgaria, in 1923. Subsequently he took up less spectacular endeavors—including procuring and smuggling drugs. But now, as the novel opens, his corpse has been found floating in Istanbul’s harbor.

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British mystery writer Charles Latimer, who happens to be visiting Istanbul, is shown the corpse by Turkish police officer Colonel Haki, himself a devotee of that most cliched of forms, the country house mystery. Intrigued by what Haki has told him about Dimitrios, and more intrigued still by what Haki isn’t able to tell him about the criminal’s sordid life, Latimer sets out on an “experiment in detection.” He will fill in the gaps in that life story.

Latimer’s quest takes him from Istanbul to Athens, to the Bulgarian capital of Sofia, to Geneva, and finally to the back alleys of Paris—the Impasse des Huit Anges, to be exact—where the writer finally realizes that his “experiment” has been very foolish indeed. The French word impasse, by the way, means “dead end.”

At the conclusion of Coffin, we see the last of Latimer as his train speeds into a tunnel. And given the date of the novel’s publication—1939, remember—we know just what kind of dark tunnel the world itself was then entering. On September 1 of that year, for instance, Germany invaded Poland, and on November 30, the Soviet Union began its invasion of Finland. And on and on …

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However, we’re to meet Latimer once more, thirty years later, in Ambler’s 1969 novel The Intercom Conspiracy. Ambler’s worldview has broadened as the times themselves have changed. And while Latimer himself has aged, his most dangerous characteristic—his curiosity—has remained the same. As I wrote in Salem Press’s Critical Survey of Mystery and Detective Fiction (2008), the novel’s “ingeniously unfolding plot concerns the aging heads of two European intelligence agencies who purchase an obscure newsletter in which they begin to publish classified information. Realizing that they are being blackmailed, the governments of the major powers buy out the publishers, who may now retire on their handsome profits. Less fortunate, alas, is Latimer, who this time has pursued the wrong mystery.”

By coincidence, Ambler won an Academy Award nomination for his screenplay for The Cruel Sea (1953), adapted from the novel by Nicholas Monsarrat, whom I wrote about in my June 13, 2023 post.

And by another coincidence, I had the opportunity to recommend Ambler’s books the other day, mentioning A Coffin for Dimitrios as well as The Light of Day (1962), which was filmed as Topkapi in 1964. The movie provided consummate actor (and fellow writer) Peter Ustinov an opportunity to steal the show right out from under the feet of leads Melina Mercouri and Maximilian Schell. But that’s another story for another day.

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Marie-Charles David de Mayréna & the Kingdom of Sedang

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Grove Koger

There’s something fascinating about obscure, ephemeral countries, just as there’s something fascinating about tiny islands. It’s the lure of the remote, and if you learn about such places and think about them enough, you make them your own. You live in them. And who doesn’t want a country of his or her own? Or a kingdom, for that matter.

Which brings us to French adventurer Marie-Charles David de Mayréna and the Kingdom of Sedang.

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Born in 1842 in the French port of Toulon, Mayréna served for a time in a Spahi cavalry regiment in Cochinchina, now southern Vietnam. After his return to France, however, he was forced to flee to avoid prosecution for embezzlement. He eventually turned up in the Dutch East Indies but was expelled within a year of his arrival, apparently for some equally serious offence. Undaunted, the adventurer returned to France with the aim of collecting firearms to be shipped to the rebellious inhabitants of Aceh on the northwestern tip of the island of Sumatra, now part of Indonesia.

How Mayréna finessed the embezzlement charge I haven’t been able to determine. Nor can I turn up any further details about those firearms, but in any case, the wily Frenchman returned to Cochinchina, where he set up a plantation. And for a time, it looked as if his fortunes might be improving. French colonial officials were wary of the intentions of the King of Siam, who had begun to claim land near what they regarded as French territory, and so were persuaded to enlist Mayréna as an agent to negotiate a treaty with the inhabitants of the disputed area.

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The French should have been equally wary of their agent, for, true to his checkered past, Mayréna proceeded to establish a kingdom of his own, naming it Sedang after the most populous tribe involved. (Or did he convince the tribes to establish it for him?) There he reigned as Marie the First, installing a woman from nearby Annam as his consort, creating an army, writing a constitution, bestowing titles of nobility left and right, designing a flag, and arranging for the printing of stamps displaying the royal coat of arms. I’ve also read that Mayréna converted to Islam, a move that looks suspiciously opportunistic, as it allowed him to marry several more women.

In any case, French officials eventually forced Mayréna out of Cochinchina, upon which time he took refuge on Tioman Island off the coast of Malaya, where he died on November 11, 1890, from (take your pick) a snake bite, poisoning, or the result of a duel.

As I learned more about Mayréna, I was reminded of the great French writer André Malraux, who traveled in Southeast Asia as an adventurous young man and later published a novel in 1930 based on his experiences—La Voie Royale, or The Royal Way. Sure enough, it seems that Malraux modeled his character Perken on Mayréna, and even devoted another novel to him, although it remains unpublished. In his Anti-Memoirs (1967), Malraux wrote that he had “not forgotten” the adventurer, “whose legend, very much alive in the Indochina of the 1920s, [was] in part at the origin of La Voie Royale.”

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Bruce Chatwin Heads South

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Grove Koger

As I expand and update When the Going Was Good, I’m posting revised entries from the first edition. Today’s deals with Bruce Chatwin’s widely acclaimed first book, which describes a journey to southern Argentina and Chile.

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Chatwin, Bruce: In Patagonia (London: Jonathan Cape, 1977)

Bruce Chatwin grew up coveting a thick, leathery piece of skin his grandmother kept in a curio cabinet. It was, he was assured, a piece of brontosaurus hide discovered in Patagonia by her cousin. Chatwin later learned that it actually had been recovered from the mummified remains of a giant sloth, although it did indeed hail from Patagonia, a region whose “absolute remoteness” thereafter haunted his imagination. Chatwin (seen below in a portrait by David Ford) was further inspired in his teenage years by reading Robert Byron’s Road to Oxiana, and although he would work for several years at the famous auction house of Sotheby and Co., he ultimately turned to traveling and writing.

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The Patagonia that Chatwin discovered when he finally visited it for six months in the mid-1970s turned out to be a limbo of the displaced, historical and contemporary. These include madmen, outlaws such as Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, a forlorn colony of Welsh settlers, a would-be king in search of a kingdom, a Russian doctor convinced that “the future of civilization is in the hands of the Slavs,” and a distant relative who had lost his ship on the rocks near remote Desolation Island.    

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The account Chatwin wrote of Patagonia is an idiosyncratic work of ninety-seven short, often very short chapters presented in staccato fashion. Many are stories in abbreviated form, the tales of the exiles and fellow wanderers Chatwin met along the way. Others deal with that distant relative, whose discovery of the skin perhaps instigated the entire quixotic affair. Chatwin has been accused by the Patagonians whose land he crisscrossed of “getting it wrong,” and the reader certainly senses that Chatwin has sought out the bizarre. He admitted to fellow writer Paul Theroux that he “embroidered” and invented. He himself called his work a “Quest or Wonder Voyage. It is about wandering and exile, and its structure is as old as literature itself: the narrator travels to a remote country in search of a strange beast and, as he goes along, describes his encounters with other people whose stories delay him en route.

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The striking cover of the Summit edition that you see at the top of today’s post is the work of Fred Marcellino. Unfortunately, the creator of the map (which I’ve reproduced from the book) isn’t identified.

Similar works by Chatwin include Patagonia Revisited (1986, with Paul Theroux; also published as Nowhere Is a Place: Travels in Patagonia); The Songlines (1987); What Am I Doing Here (1989); Far Journeys: Photographs and Notebooks (1993); and Winding Paths: Photographs (1999). And for information about Chatwin himself, see Casey Blanton, Travel Writing: The Self and the World (Twayne, 1997; Cape, 1997); Patrick Meanor, Bruce Chatwin (Twayne, 1997); Nicholas Murray, Bruce Chatwin (Seren, 1993); and Nicholas Shakespeare, Bruce Chatwin (Harvill in association with Jonathan Cape, 1999).

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