WHO STEPS survey data help assess global physical activity inequalities, and inform a new framework to recognize the impact of physical activity on health beyond cardiometabolic disease.

Using individual-level data from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and fecal metagenomes of 14,979 individuals in Sweden, the authors examined the association between oral antibiotic use over 8 years and gut microbiome and found evidence that antibiotics can have long-lasting impacts on the gut microbiome.

In a prespecified ancillary analysis of the COSMOS randomized trial, supplementation with daily multivitamins, but not with cocoa extract, over the course of 2 years decreased biological aging, as measured by epigenetic aging clocks.

The authors propose a framework for clinical AI evaluation within simulated digital hospital environments that capture the evolving constraints, and cascading effects, of clinical decisions.

In this phase 1, open-label dose-escalation study in healthy adults found that the mRNA vaccine (mRNA-1215), encoding the Nipah virus Malaysian strain chimeric pre-fusion F protein linked to glycoprotein G, was safe and induced elevated immune responses at 1 year of follow-up, indicating that this is a promising vaccine candidate for further development.

A real-world study showed that introducing a cognitive layer architecture to support specialized psychotherapeutic reasoning capabilities in general-purpose chatbots improved depression and anxiety symptoms compared to chatbots or therapists alone.

Elevated serum levels of phosphorylated tau are not specific to Alzheimer’s disease and may also serve as a diagnostic tool for the most common types of systemic amyloidosis, with potential utility in distinguishing amyloidosis-related polyneuropathy from polyneuropathy of other etiologies.

Using individual-level data from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and fecal metagenomes of 14,979 individuals in Sweden, the authors examined the association between oral antibiotic use over 8 years and gut microbiome and found evidence that antibiotics can have long-lasting impacts on the gut microbiome.

In a prespecified ancillary analysis of the COSMOS randomized trial, supplementation with daily multivitamins, but not with cocoa extract, over the course of 2 years decreased biological aging, as measured by epigenetic aging clocks.

WHO STEPS survey data help assess global physical activity inequalities, and inform a new framework to recognize the impact of physical activity on health beyond cardiometabolic disease.

The field of genetic therapies needs robust investments, transparency and reliable regulatory frameworks to overcome recent challenges and continue to translate new technologies into patients’ benefit.

From chikungunya and dengue to yellow fever and Zika, mosquito‑transmitted diseases are spreading with urbanization, travel and climate change. A new generation of vaccines, trials and public‑health tools aim to keep ahead of the threat.

This Comment discusses why Arabian Gulf nations need a unified approach to genomic screening, data integration and early disease prevention.

Testing large language models on acute-pain vignettes reveals biases in opioid recommendations that particularly affect marginalized groups.