{"id":1069229,"date":"2024-12-31T16:50:07","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T08:50:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1069229.html"},"modified":"2024-12-31T16:50:09","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T08:50:09","slug":"python-%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e6%9f%a5%e8%af%a2%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%9c%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1069229.html","title":{"rendered":"python \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u6e38\u6807\uff08Cursor\uff09\u3001\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\uff08Dictionary\uff09\u6216\u5217\u8868\uff08List\uff09\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6279\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u3001\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u89c6\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u800c\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6e38\u6807\u904d\u5386\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u3001\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\u6216\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u4f7f\u7528\u6e38\u6807\u904d\u5386\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6e38\u6807\u904d\u5386\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5e93\u6709sqlite3<\/code>\u3001MySQLdb<\/code>\u3001psycopg2<\/code>\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u884c\u904d\u5386\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u8981\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4ee5sqlite3<\/code>\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import sqlite3<\/p>\n
\u8fde\u63a5\u5230SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5<\/p>\n
cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM users')<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
results = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u904d\u5386\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\u904d\u5386\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u884c\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u904d\u5386\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6<\/p>\n
for row in results:<\/p>\n
    print(row)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\u6216\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178<\/p>\n
columns = [desc[0] for desc in cursor.description]<\/p>\n
results_dict = [dict(zip(columns, row)) for row in results]<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5370\u8f6c\u6362\u540e\u7684\u5b57\u5178<\/strong><\/h2>\n
for result in results_dict:<\/p>\n
    print(result)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
5\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f97\u5173\u95ed\u6e38\u6807\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u5173\u95ed\u6e38\u6807<\/p>\n
cursor.close()<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\u6216\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5904\u7406\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\u6216\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u6570\u636e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7zip<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u5217\u540d\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u5e94\u8d77\u6765\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u540d<\/p>\n
columns = [desc[0] for desc in cursor.description]<\/p>\n
\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178<\/strong><\/h2>\n
results_dict = [dict(zip(columns, row)) for row in results]<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5370\u8f6c\u6362\u540e\u7684\u5b57\u5178<\/strong><\/h2>\n
for result in results_dict:<\/p>\n
    print(result)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5217\u8868<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528fetchall<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5217\u8868\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u83b7\u53d6\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n
results = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5370\u8f6c\u6362\u540e\u7684\u5217\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
for result in results:<\/p>\n
    print(result)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u5982CSV\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u4fdd\u5b58\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e3aCSV\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528csv<\/code>\u5e93\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e3aCSV\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import csv<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5f00CSV\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
with open('results.csv', 'w', newline='') as csvfile:<\/p>\n
    writer = csv.writer(csvfile)<\/p>\n
    # \u5199\u5165\u5217\u540d<\/p>\n
    writer.writerow(columns)<\/p>\n
    # \u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
    writer.writerows(results)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e3aJSON\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528json<\/code>\u5e93\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e3aJSON\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import json<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5f00JSON\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
with open('results.json', 'w') as jsonfile:<\/p>\n
    json.dump(results_dict, jsonfile)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6279\u91cf\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6e38\u6807\u7684\u6279\u91cf\u83b7\u53d6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5982fetchmany<\/code>\uff09\u6765\u5206\u6279\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8bfb\u53d6\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u6ea2\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5206\u6279\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528fetchmany<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u6279\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5<\/p>\n
cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM users')<\/p>\n
\u5206\u6279\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
batch_size = 100<\/p>\n
while True:<\/p>\n
    results = cursor.fetchmany(batch_size)<\/p>\n
    if not results:<\/p>\n
        break<\/p>\n
    # \u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
    for row in results:<\/p>\n
        print(row)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import threading<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
def process_data(results):<\/p>\n
    for row in results:<\/p>\n
        print(row)<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM users')<\/p>\n
\u5206\u6279\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
batch_size = 100<\/p>\n
while True:<\/p>\n
    results = cursor.fetchmany(batch_size)<\/p>\n
    if not results:<\/p>\n
        break<\/p>\n
    # \u542f\u52a8\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n
    threading.Thread(target=process_data, args=(results,)).start()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u5904\u7406Python\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1f<\/strong>
\u8981\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982SQLite\u3001MySQL\u6216PostgreSQL\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
import sqlite3\n\n# \u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\nconn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')\ncursor = conn.cursor()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e00\u65e6\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee5\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u6570\u636e\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ecfetchone()<\/code>\u3001fetchall()<\/code>\u548cfetchmany(size)<\/code>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528fetchall()<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM users")\nresults = cursor.fetchall()\n\nfor row in results:\n    print(row)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u60a8\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u63d0\u53d6\u548c\u5904\u7406\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u4ee5\u589e\u5f3a\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1f<\/strong>
\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62SQL\u6ce8\u5165\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u95ee\u53f7\u6216\u547d\u540d\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u5b9e\u9645\u503c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
user_id = 1\ncursor.execute("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id=?", (user_id,))\nresult = cursor.fetchone()\nprint(result)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u6e38\u6807\uff08Cursor\uff09\u3001\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\uff08Dic […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1069239,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1069229"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1069229"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1069229\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1069242,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1069229\/revisions\/1069242"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1069239"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1069229"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1069229"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1069229"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}