{"id":970319,"date":"2024-12-27T05:25:03","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T21:25:03","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-12-27T05:25:05","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T21:25:05","slug":"python%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%bc%95requests","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/970319.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u6587\u4ef6\u5982\u4f55\u5f15requests"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u6587\u4ef6\u5982\u4f55\u5f15requests\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165requests\u5e93\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528import<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165requests\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u5f15\u5165requests\u5e93\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\u5b89\u88c5requests\u5e93\u3001\u5728Python\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528import\u8bed\u53e5\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5b89\u88c5requests\u5e93<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u8981\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fddrequests\u5e93\u5df2\u88ab\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u60a8\u7684Python\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u3002requests\u5e93\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u901a\u8fc7Python\u7684\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177pip\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.1 \u68c0\u67e5\u73af\u5883<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5b89\u88c5requests\u5e93\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u7684Python\u73af\u5883\u5df2\u7ecf\u6b63\u786e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6216\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u68c0\u67e5Python\u548cpip\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

python --version<\/p>\n
pip --version<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662fPython 3.x\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aPython 2.x\u7248\u672c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u5b98\u65b9\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1.2 \u5b89\u88c5requests\u5e93<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u786e\u8ba4\u73af\u5883\u6b63\u786e\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5b89\u88c5requests\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install requests<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\uff0cpip\u5c06\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4ecePython Package Index\uff08PyPI\uff09\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5requests\u5e93\u53ca\u5176\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u9047\u5230\u6743\u9650\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u524d\u52a0\u4e0asudo<\/code>\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8eUnix\u6216macOS\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u6216\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\u8fd0\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8eWindows\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1.3 \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b89\u88c5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728Python\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165import requests<\/code>\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b89\u88c5\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5219\u8868\u793arequests\u5e93\u5df2\u6b63\u786e\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u5bfc\u5165requests\u5e93<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u65e6requests\u5e93\u6210\u529f\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u60a8\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.1 \u5bfc\u5165requests<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8bed\u53e5\u5bfc\u5165requests\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bfc\u5165\u5e93\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.2 \u4f7f\u7528requests\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
requests\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5305\u62ecGET\u3001POST\u3001PUT\u3001DELETE\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data')<\/p>\n
print(response.status_code)<\/p>\n
print(response.json())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0crequests.get()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7684response<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u5176\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.1 \u672a\u5b89\u88c5requests\u5e93<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5728\u5bfc\u5165requests\u5e93\u65f6\u9047\u5230ModuleNotFoundError<\/code>\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u56e0\u4e3arequests\u5e93\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u786e\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u8bf7\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528pip install requests<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86requests\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.2 \u7248\u672c\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5728\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u65f6\u9047\u5230\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8bf7\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e0e\u5f53\u524dPython\u7248\u672c\u517c\u5bb9\u7684requests\u5e93\u7248\u672c\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u66f4\u65b0requests\u5e93\u5230\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install --upgrade requests<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3.3 \u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8bf7\u68c0\u67e5\u60a8\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u60a8\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684timeout<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8bf7\u6c42\u65e0\u9650\u671f\u6302\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data', timeout=5)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6etimeout<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u8bf7\u6c42\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001requests\u5e93\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5\u548c\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4.1 \u8bf7\u6c42\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7params<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
params = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}<\/p>\n
response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data', params=params)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cparams<\/code>\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5c06\u88ab\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u9644\u52a0\u5230URL\u672b\u5c3e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4.2 \u8bf7\u6c42\u5934<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
requests\u5e93\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7headers<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
headers = {'User-Agent': 'my-app\/0.0.1'}<\/p>\n
response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data', headers=headers)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u5728\u9700\u8981\u4f2a\u88c5\u8bf7\u6c42\u6765\u6e90\u6216\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5185\u5bb9\u7c7b\u578b\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4.3 \u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8ePOST\u3001PUT\u7b49\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7data<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
data = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}<\/p>\n
response = requests.post('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data', data=data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u9001JSON\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528json<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
json_data = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}<\/p>\n
response = requests.post('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data', json=json_data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4.4 \u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
requests\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5904\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n