esm: deprecate legacy main lookup for modules

PR-URL: #36918
Reviewed-By: Antoine du Hamel <duhamelantoine1995@gmail.com>

Author: guybedford

doc/api/deprecations.md

@@ -2699,10 +2699,28 @@ resolutions not in `node_modules`. This means there will not be deprecation
 warnings for `"exports"` in dependencies. With `--pending-deprecation`, a
 runtime warning results no matter where the `"exports"` usage occurs.
 
+### DEP0XXX: Main index lookup and extension searching
+<!-- YAML
+changes:
+  - version: REPLACEME
+    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/36918
+    description: Documentation-only deprecation
+                 with `--pending-deprecation` support.
+-->
+
+Type: Documentation-only (supports [`--pending-deprecation`][])
+
+Previously, `index.js` and extension searching lookups would apply to
+`import 'pkg'` main entry point resolution, even when resolving ES modules.
+
+With this deprecation, all ES module main entry point resolutions require
+an explicit [`"exports"` or `"main"` entry][] with the exact file extension.
+
 [Legacy URL API]: url.md#url_legacy_url_api
 [NIST SP 800-38D]: https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication800-38d.pdf
 [RFC 6066]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6066#section-3
 [WHATWG URL API]: url.md#url_the_whatwg_url_api
+[`"exports"` or `"main"` entry]: packages.md#packages_main_entry_point_export
 [`--pending-deprecation`]: cli.md#cli_pending_deprecation
 [`--throw-deprecation`]: cli.md#cli_throw_deprecation
 [`--unhandled-rejections`]: cli.md#cli_unhandled_rejections_mode
@@ -2823,7 +2841,7 @@ runtime warning results no matter where the `"exports"` usage occurs.
 [from_string_encoding]: buffer.md#buffer_static_method_buffer_from_string_encoding
 [legacy `urlObject`]: url.md#url_legacy_urlobject
 [static methods of `crypto.Certificate()`]: crypto.md#crypto_class_certificate
-[subpath exports]: #packages_subpath_exports
-[subpath folder mappings]: #packages_subpath_folder_mappings
-[subpath imports]: #packages_subpath_imports
-[subpath patterns]: #packages_subpath_patterns
+[subpath exports]: packages.md#packages_subpath_exports
+[subpath folder mappings]: packages.md#packages_subpath_folder_mappings
+[subpath imports]: packages.md#packages_subpath_imports
+[subpath patterns]: packages.md#packages_subpath_patterns

lib/internal/modules/esm/resolve.js

@@ -90,6 +90,36 @@ function emitFolderMapDeprecation(match, pjsonUrl, isExports, base) {
   );
 }
 
+function emitLegacyIndexDeprecation(url, packageJSONUrl, base, main) {
+  if (!pendingDeprecation)
+    return;
+  const { format } = defaultGetFormat(url);
+  if (format !== 'module')
+    return;
+  const path = fileURLToPath(url);
+  const pkgPath = fileURLToPath(new URL('.', packageJSONUrl));
+  const basePath = fileURLToPath(base);
+  if (main)
+    process.emitWarning(
+      `Package ${pkgPath} has a "main" field set to ${JSONStringify(main)}, ` +
+      `excluding the full filename and extension to the resolved file at "${
+        StringPrototypeSlice(path, pkgPath.length)}", imported from ${
+        basePath}.\n Automatic extension resolution of the "main" field is` +
+      'deprecated for ES modules.',
+      'DeprecationWarning',
+      'DEP0150'
+    );
+  else
+    process.emitWarning(
+      `No "main" or "exports" field defined in the package.json for ${pkgPath
+      } resolving the main entry point "${
+        StringPrototypeSlice(path, pkgPath.length)}", imported from ${basePath
+      }.\nDefault "index" lookups for the main are deprecated for ES modules.`,
+      'DeprecationWarning',
+      'DEP0150'
+    );
+}
+
 function getConditionsSet(conditions) {
   if (conditions !== undefined && conditions !== DEFAULT_CONDITIONS) {
     if (!ArrayIsArray(conditions)) {
@@ -209,41 +239,33 @@ function legacyMainResolve(packageJSONUrl, packageConfig, base) {
     if (fileExists(guess = new URL(`./${packageConfig.main}`,
                                    packageJSONUrl))) {
       return guess;
-    }
-    if (fileExists(guess = new URL(`./${packageConfig.main}.js`,
-                                   packageJSONUrl))) {
-      return guess;
-    }
-    if (fileExists(guess = new URL(`./${packageConfig.main}.json`,
-                                   packageJSONUrl))) {
-      return guess;
-    }
-    if (fileExists(guess = new URL(`./${packageConfig.main}.node`,
-                                   packageJSONUrl))) {
-      return guess;
-    }
-    if (fileExists(guess = new URL(`./${packageConfig.main}/index.js`,
-                                   packageJSONUrl))) {
-      return guess;
-    }
-    if (fileExists(guess = new URL(`./${packageConfig.main}/index.json`,
-                                   packageJSONUrl))) {
-      return guess;
-    }
-    if (fileExists(guess = new URL(`./${packageConfig.main}/index.node`,
-                                   packageJSONUrl))) {
+    } else if (fileExists(guess = new URL(`./${packageConfig.main}.js`,
+                                          packageJSONUrl)));
+    else if (fileExists(guess = new URL(`./${packageConfig.main}.json`,
+                                        packageJSONUrl)));
+    else if (fileExists(guess = new URL(`./${packageConfig.main}.node`,
+                                        packageJSONUrl)));
+    else if (fileExists(guess = new URL(`./${packageConfig.main}/index.js`,
+                                        packageJSONUrl)));
+    else if (fileExists(guess = new URL(`./${packageConfig.main}/index.json`,
+                                        packageJSONUrl)));
+    else if (fileExists(guess = new URL(`./${packageConfig.main}/index.node`,
+                                        packageJSONUrl)));
+    else guess = undefined;
+    if (guess) {
+      emitLegacyIndexDeprecation(guess, packageJSONUrl, base,
+                                 packageConfig.main);
       return guess;
     }
     // Fallthrough.
   }
-  if (fileExists(guess = new URL('./index.js', packageJSONUrl))) {
-    return guess;
-  }
+  if (fileExists(guess = new URL('./index.js', packageJSONUrl)));
   // So fs.
-  if (fileExists(guess = new URL('./index.json', packageJSONUrl))) {
-    return guess;
-  }
-  if (fileExists(guess = new URL('./index.node', packageJSONUrl))) {
+  else if (fileExists(guess = new URL('./index.json', packageJSONUrl)));
+  else if (fileExists(guess = new URL('./index.node', packageJSONUrl)));
+  else guess = undefined;
+  if (guess) {
+    emitLegacyIndexDeprecation(guess, packageJSONUrl, base, packageConfig.main);
     return guess;
   }
   // Not found.
@@ -891,3 +913,6 @@ module.exports = {
   packageExportsResolve,
   packageImportsResolve
 };
+
+// cycle
+const { defaultGetFormat } = require('internal/modules/esm/get_format');

test/es-module/test-esm-exports-pending-deprecations.mjs

@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ let curWarning = 0;
 const expectedWarnings = [
   '"./sub/"',
   '"./fallbackdir/"',
-  '"./subpath/"'
+  '"./subpath/"',
+  'no_exports',
+  'default_index'
 ];
 
 process.addListener('warning', mustCall((warning) => {

test/es-module/test-esm-exports.mjs

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ import fromInside from '../fixtures/node_modules/pkgexports/lib/hole.js';
     ['pkgexports-sugar', { default: 'main' }],
     // Path patterns
     ['pkgexports/subpath/sub-dir1', { default: 'main' }],
-    ['pkgexports/features/dir1', { default: 'main' }]
+    ['pkgexports/features/dir1', { default: 'main' }],
   ]);
 
   if (isRequire) {
@@ -44,6 +44,11 @@ import fromInside from '../fixtures/node_modules/pkgexports/lib/hole.js';
     validSpecifiers.set('pkgexports/subpath/dir1/', { default: 'main' });
     validSpecifiers.set('pkgexports/subpath/dir2', { default: 'index' });
     validSpecifiers.set('pkgexports/subpath/dir2/', { default: 'index' });
+  } else {
+    // No exports or main field
+    validSpecifiers.set('no_exports', { default: 'index' });
+    // Main field without extension
+    validSpecifiers.set('default_index', { default: 'main' });
   }
 
   for (const [validSpecifier, expected] of validSpecifiers) {