{"id":1012174,"date":"2024-12-27T11:36:35","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T03:36:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1012174.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T11:36:40","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T03:36:40","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8python%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e6%a3%80%e7%b4%a2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1012174.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u5b9e\u73b0\u68c0\u7d22"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u5b9e\u73b0\u68c0\u7d22\"<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5b9e\u73b0\u68c0\u7d22\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3001\u5185\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5e93\u3001\u5168\u6587\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\u7b49\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7075\u6d3b\u4e14\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u672c\u641c\u7d22\u548c\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5339\u914d\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u68c0\u7d22\u548c\u66ff\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528re<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3002re<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u548c\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982re.match()<\/code>\u3001re.search()<\/code>\u3001re.findall()<\/code>\u548cre.sub()<\/code>\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u4ece\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u5730\u5740\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u5730\u5740\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982r'[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}'<\/code>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528re.findall()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u7d22\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6587\u672c\u68c0\u7d22\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u4f7f\u7528find()<\/code>\u548cindex()<\/code><\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

find()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de-1\u3002index()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0efind()<\/code>\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u629b\u51faValueError<\/code>\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

text = "Python is a powerful programming language."<\/p>\n
position = text.find("powerful")<\/p>\n
if position != -1:<\/p>\n
    print(f"Found at index: {position}")<\/p>\n
else:<\/p>\n
    print("Not found.")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528in<\/code>\u5173\u952e\u5b57<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
in<\/code>\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u67e5\u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5e03\u5c14\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
text = "Python is a powerful programming language."<\/p>\n
if "powerful" in text:<\/p>\n
    print("Found")<\/p>\n
else:<\/p>\n
    print("Not found")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u548c\u68c0\u7d22\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0cre<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u4f7f\u7528re.search()<\/code><\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
re.search()<\/code>\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56deNone<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import re<\/p>\n
text = "Contact us at support@example.com"<\/p>\n
match = re.search(r'\\b[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\\.[A-Z|a-z]{2,}\\b', text)<\/p>\n
if match:<\/p>\n
    print(f"EmAI<\/a>l found: {match.group()}")<\/p>\n
else:<\/p>\n
    print("Email not found.")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528re.findall()<\/code><\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
re.findall()<\/code>\u7528\u4e8e\u8fd4\u56de\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u975e\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
emails = re.findall(r'\\b[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\\.[A-Z|a-z]{2,}\\b', text)<\/p>\n
print(f"Emails found: {emails}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5185\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u68c0\u7d22\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\u548c\u5b57\u5178<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5217\u8868\u548c\u5b57\u5178\u662fPython\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u68c0\u7d22\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
data = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]<\/p>\n
if "banana" in data:<\/p>\n
    print("Found in list")<\/p>\n
info = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30}<\/p>\n
if "name" in info:<\/p>\n
    print("Key found in dictionary")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528collections<\/code>\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
collections<\/code>\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982Counter<\/code>\u3001defaultdict<\/code>\u7b49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u68c0\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from collections import Counter<\/p>\n
text = "apple banana apple cherry banana apple"<\/p>\n
word_count = Counter(text.split())<\/p>\n
print(word_count)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5168\u6587\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u7684\u68c0\u7d22\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5168\u6587\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\u5982Elasticsearch\u3001Whoosh\u7b49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0ePython\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u4f7f\u7528Elasticsearch<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Elasticsearch\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7684\u5168\u6587\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7Python\u7684elasticsearch-py<\/code>\u5e93\u4e0eElasticsearch\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch<\/p>\n
es = Elasticsearch()<\/p>\n
es.index(index="test-index", doc_type="_doc", id=1, body={"text": "Elasticsearch is powerful"})<\/p>\n
res = es.search(index="test-index", body={"query": {"match": {"text": "powerful"}}})<\/p>\n
print(res)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528Whoosh<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Whoosh\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eafPython\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u5168\u6587\u641c\u7d22\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5c0f\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from whoosh.index import create_in<\/p>\n
from whoosh.fields import Schema, TEXT<\/p>\n
from whoosh.qparser import QueryParser<\/p>\n
schema = Schema(content=TEXT(stored=True))<\/p>\n
ix = create_in("indexdir", schema)<\/p>\n
writer = ix.writer()<\/p>\n
writer.add_document(content=u"Whoosh is a search library")<\/p>\n
writer.commit()<\/p>\n
with ix.searcher() as searcher:<\/p>\n
    query = QueryParser("content", ix.schema).parse("search")<\/p>\n
    results = searcher.search(query)<\/p>\n
    for result in results:<\/p>\n
        print(result['content'])<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u68c0\u7d22\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65b9\u6cd5\u5230\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5168\u6587\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5168\u6587\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u7ec4\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u68c0\u7d22\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u7528Python\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u672c\u68c0\u7d22\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong>
\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u672c\u68c0\u7d22\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u5e93\uff08\u5982NLTK\u6216spaCy\uff09\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u8bcd\u3001\u53bb\u9664\u505c\u7528\u8bcd\u7b49\u9884\u5904\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528Python\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u5982\u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u4e8c\u5206\u641c\u7d22\uff09\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u5e93\uff08\u5982Whoosh\u6216ElasticSearch\uff09\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u68c0\u7d22\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u8c03\u4f18\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u68c0\u7d22\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6709\u54ea\u4e9bPython\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u68c0\u7d22\uff1f<\/strong>
Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5e93\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6587\u672c\u68c0\u7d22\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6709Whoosh\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eafPython\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5c0f\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528ElasticSearch\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u3001\u805a\u5408\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cPyLucene\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06Lucene\u641c\u7d22\u5e93\u5f15\u5165Python\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u68c0\u7d22\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u4f18\u5316Python\u4e2d\u7684\u68c0\u7d22\u6027\u80fd\uff1f<\/strong>
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