{"id":1183710,"date":"2025-01-15T19:17:41","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T11:17:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1183710.html"},"modified":"2025-01-15T19:17:44","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T11:17:44","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%8e%92%e9%99%a4sql%e8%af%ad%e5%8f%a5%e5%bc%82%e5%b8%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1183710.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u6392\u9664sql\u8bed\u53e5\u5f02\u5e38"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u6392\u9664sql\u8bed\u53e5\u5f02\u5e38\"<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528ORM\u6846\u67b6\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u6267\u884c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60<\/strong>\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u6392\u9664\u548c\u5904\u7406SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\u5c24\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\u662fPython\u4e2d\u5904\u7406SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528try...except<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u5904\u7406SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u800c\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import sqlite3<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    # \u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/p>\n
    conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
    cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
    # \u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM non_existent_table")<\/p>\n
    # \u63d0\u4ea4\u66f4\u6539<\/p>\n
    conn.commit()<\/p>\n
except sqlite3.Error as error:<\/p>\n
    print(f"\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef: {error}")<\/p>\n
finally:<\/p>\n
    # \u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
    if conn:<\/p>\n
        conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0ctry<\/code>\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u8868\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c06\u5f15\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2asqlite3.Error<\/code>\u5f02\u5e38\uff0cexcept<\/code>\u5757\u5c06\u6355\u83b7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0cfinally<\/code>\u5757\u786e\u4fdd\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u90fd\u88ab\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u5904\u7406SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\n
\u4e00\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u80fd\u591f\u5e94\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u5904\u7406SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001try…except…finally \u8bed\u53e5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
try...except...finally<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u662fPython\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728try<\/code>\u5757\u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5728except<\/code>\u5757\u4e2d\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5728finally<\/code>\u5757\u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    # \u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/p>\n
    conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
    cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
    # \u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM non_existent_table")<\/p>\n
    # \u63d0\u4ea4\u66f4\u6539<\/p>\n
    conn.commit()<\/p>\n
except sqlite3.Error as error:<\/p>\n
    print(f"\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef: {error}")<\/p>\n
finally:<\/p>\n
    # \u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
    if conn:<\/p>\n
        conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0ctry<\/code>\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u8868\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c06\u5f15\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2asqlite3.Error<\/code>\u5f02\u5e38\uff0cexcept<\/code>\u5757\u5c06\u6355\u83b7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0cfinally<\/code>\u5757\u786e\u4fdd\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u90fd\u88ab\u5173\u95ed\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u5f02\u5e38\u6355\u83b7<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728except<\/code>\u5757\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u591a\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    # \u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/p>\n
    conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
    cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
    # \u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM non_existent_table")<\/p>\n
    # \u63d0\u4ea4\u66f4\u6539<\/p>\n
    conn.commit()<\/p>\n
except sqlite3.OperationalError as op_error:<\/p>\n
    print(f"\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u9519\u8bef: {op_error}")<\/p>\n
except sqlite3.IntegrityError as int_error:<\/p>\n
    print(f"\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u9519\u8bef: {int_error}")<\/p>\n
except sqlite3.Error as error:<\/p>\n
    print(f"\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9519\u8bef: {error}")<\/p>\n
finally:<\/p>\n
    # \u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
    if conn:<\/p>\n
        conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728except<\/code>\u5757\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u5e94\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u67e5\u8be2<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u662f\u9632\u6b62SQL\u6ce8\u5165\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u76f4\u63a5\u63d2\u5165\u5230SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514dSQL\u6ce8\u5165\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528?<\/code>\u6216\u547d\u540d\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    # \u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/p>\n
    conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
    cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
    # \u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = ?", ('example_user',))<\/p>\n
    # \u63d0\u4ea4\u66f4\u6539<\/p>\n
    conn.commit()<\/p>\n
except sqlite3.Error as error:<\/p>\n
    print(f"\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef: {error}")<\/p>\n
finally:<\/p>\n
    # \u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
    if conn:<\/p>\n
        conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0ccursor.execute<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7?<\/code>\u6765\u8868\u793a\u53c2\u6570\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u76f4\u63a5\u63d2\u5165\u5230SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514dSQL\u6ce8\u5165\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u540d\u53c2\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u540d\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7fSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u66f4\u5177\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    # \u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/p>\n
    conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
    cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
    # \u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u540d\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = :username", {'username': 'example_user'})<\/p>\n
    # \u63d0\u4ea4\u66f4\u6539<\/p>\n
    conn.commit()<\/p>\n
except sqlite3.Error as error:<\/p>\n
    print(f"\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef: {error}")<\/p>\n
finally:<\/p>\n
    # \u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
    if conn:<\/p>\n
        conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0ccursor.execute<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u547d\u540d\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7:parameter_name<\/code>\u6765\u8868\u793a\u53c2\u6570\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7fSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u66f4\u5177\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u76f4\u63a5\u63d2\u5165\u5230SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514dSQL\u6ce8\u5165\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528ORM\u6846\u67b6<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528ORM\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\uff09\u6846\u67b6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u7f16\u5199\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002ORM\u6846\u67b6\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u6620\u5c04\u4e3aPython\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u666e\u901a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u6837\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001Django ORM<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Django\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684Python Web\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u7f6e\u7684ORM\u6846\u67b6\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u4e14\u6613\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7Django ORM\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u7f16\u5199\u590d\u6742\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from django.db import models<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
class User(models.Model):<\/p>\n
    username = models.CharField(max_length=100)<\/p>\n
    emAI<\/a>l = models.EmailField()<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528ORM\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
def create_user(username, email):<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        user = User(username=username, email=email)<\/p>\n
        user.save()<\/p>\n
    except Exception as e:<\/p>\n
        print(f"\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef: {e}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u7c7bUser<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Django ORM\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001SQLAlchemy<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
SQLAlchemy\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684Python ORM\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u4e14\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7SQLAlchemy\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, String<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce<\/strong><\/h2>\n
engine = create_engine('sqlite:\/\/\/example.db')<\/p>\n
Base = declarative_base()<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
class User(Base):<\/p>\n
    __tablename__ = 'users'<\/p>\n
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)<\/p>\n
    username = Column(String)<\/p>\n
    email = Column(String)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)<\/p>\n
session = Session()<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528ORM\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
def create_user(username, email):<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        user = User(username=username, email=email)<\/p>\n
        session.add(user)<\/p>\n
        session.commit()<\/p>\n
    except Exception as e:<\/p>\n
        print(f"\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef: {e}")<\/p>\n
        session.rollback()<\/p>\n
    finally:<\/p>\n
        session.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u7c7bUser<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy ORM\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u89e3\u51b3SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bb0\u5f55\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u8e2aSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u6267\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684logging<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bb0\u5f55\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u8e2aSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u6267\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import logging<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\n
\u914d\u7f6e\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    # \u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/p>\n
    conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
    cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
    # \u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM users")<\/p>\n
    # \u63d0\u4ea4\u66f4\u6539<\/p>\n
    conn.commit()<\/p>\n
    logging.info("SQL\u67e5\u8be2\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c")<\/p>\n
except sqlite3.Error as error:<\/p>\n
    logging.error(f"\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef: {error}")<\/p>\n
finally:<\/p>\n
    # \u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
    if conn:<\/p>\n
        conn.close()<\/p>\n
        logging.info("\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5173\u95ed")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528logging<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bb0\u5f55SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u6267\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\u8bb0\u5f55\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u6267\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u62ecNew Relic\u3001Datadog\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528New Relic\u53ef\u4ee5\u76d1\u63a7Python\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u8ffd\u8e2aSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u6267\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import newrelic.agent<\/p>\n
newrelic.agent.initialize('newrelic.ini')<\/p>\n
\u4f60\u7684Python\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801<\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u6267\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u6267\u884c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u6267\u884c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u786e\u4fddSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u6b63\u786e\u6267\u884c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u5199\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u53d8\u66f4\u65f6\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528unittest<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7f16\u5199\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u5199\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import unittest<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\n
class TestDatabaseOperations(unittest.TestCase):<\/p>\n
    def setUp(self):<\/p>\n
        # \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/p>\n
        self.conn = sqlite3.connect(':memory:')<\/p>\n
        self.cursor = self.conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
        self.cursor.execute("CREATE TABLE users (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, username TEXT)")<\/p>\n
    def tearDown(self):<\/p>\n
        # \u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
        self.conn.close()<\/p>\n
    def test_insert_user(self):<\/p>\n
        # \u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n
        self.cursor.execute("INSERT INTO users (username) VALUES (?)", ('example_user',))<\/p>\n
        self.conn.commit()<\/p>\n
        # \u67e5\u8be2\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n
        self.cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = ?", ('example_user',))<\/p>\n
        user = self.cursor.fetchone()<\/p>\n
        # \u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u662f\u5426\u63d2\u5165\u6210\u529f<\/p>\n
        self.assertIsNotNone(user)<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(user[1], 'example_user')<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__main__':<\/p>\n
    unittest.main()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528unittest<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7f16\u5199\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u6267\u884c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u6267\u884c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u89e3\u51b3SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u6267\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python -m unittest test_database_operations.py<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u590d\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528sqlite3<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\n
from sqlite3 import Connection<\/p>\n
class SQLiteConnectionPool:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, database, pool_size=5):<\/p>\n
        self.database = database<\/p>\n
        self.pool_size = pool_size<\/p>\n
        self.pool = []<\/p>\n
    def get_connection(self):<\/p>\n
        if self.pool:<\/p>\n
            return self.pool.pop()<\/p>\n
        else:<\/p>\n
            return sqlite3.connect(self.database)<\/p>\n
    def release_connection(self, connection: Connection):<\/p>\n
        if len(self.pool) < self.pool_size:<\/p>\n
            self.pool.append(connection)<\/p>\n
        else:<\/p>\n
            connection.close()<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
pool = SQLiteConnectionPool('example.db')<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    conn = pool.get_connection()<\/p>\n
    cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
    # \u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM users")<\/p>\n
    # \u63d0\u4ea4\u66f4\u6539<\/p>\n
    conn.commit()<\/p>\n
finally:<\/p>\n
    pool.release_connection(conn)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7c7bSQLiteConnectionPool<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u590d\u7528\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u5e93\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982SQLAlchemy<\/code>\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce<\/strong><\/h2>\n
engine = create_engine('sqlite:\/\/\/example.db', pool_size=5)<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
with engine.connect() as conn:<\/p>\n
    result = conn.execute("SELECT * FROM users")<\/p>\n
    for row in result:<\/p>\n
        print(row)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy<\/code>\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u590d\u7528\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3001\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3001\u9694\u79bb\u6027\u548c\u6301\u4e45\u6027\uff08ACID\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90e8\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90e8\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528sqlite3<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    # \u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/p>\n
    conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
    cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
    # \u5f00\u59cb\u4e8b\u52a1<\/p>\n
    conn.execute('BEGIN')<\/p>\n
    # \u6267\u884c\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("INSERT INTO users (username) VALUES (?)", ('user1',))<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("INSERT INTO users (username) VALUES (?)", ('user2',))<\/p>\n
    # \u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1<\/p>\n
    conn.commit()<\/p>\n
except sqlite3.Error as error:<\/p>\n
    # \u56de\u6eda\u4e8b\u52a1<\/p>\n
    conn.rollback()<\/p>\n
    print(f"\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef: {error}")<\/p>\n
finally:<\/p>\n
    # \u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
    if conn:<\/p>\n
        conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90e8\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90e8\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\n
class Transaction:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, connection):<\/p>\n
        self.connection = connection<\/p>\n
    def __enter__(self):<\/p>\n
        self.connection.execute('BEGIN')<\/p>\n
        return self<\/p>\n
    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):<\/p>\n
        if exc_type is None:<\/p>\n
            self.connection.commit()<\/p>\n
        else:<\/p>\n
            self.connection.rollback()<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/h2>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
    cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
    with Transaction(conn):<\/p>\n
        cursor.execute("INSERT INTO users (username) VALUES (?)", ('user1',))<\/p>\n
        cursor.execute("INSERT INTO users (username) VALUES (?)", ('user2',))<\/p>\n
except sqlite3.Error as error:<\/p>\n
    print(f"\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef: {error}")<\/p>\n
finally:<\/p>\n
    if conn:<\/p>\n
        conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u7c7bTransaction<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90e8\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90e8\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5904\u7406SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u4f18\u5316<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u521b\u5efa\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
    cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
    # \u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("CREATE INDEX idx_username ON users (username)")<\/p>\n
    conn.commit()<\/p>\n
except sqlite3.Error as error:<\/p>\n
    print(f"\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef: {error}")<\/p>\n
finally:<\/p>\n
    if conn:<\/p>\n
        conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3ausers<\/code>\u8868\u7684username<\/code>\u5217\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u4f18\u5316<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4f18\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528SELECT *<\/code>\u800c\u662f\u53ea\u9009\u62e9\u9700\u8981<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u9519\u8bef\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5904\u7406SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528try-except\u5757\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5f53\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230except\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bb0\u5f55\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u91c7\u53d6\u5176\u4ed6\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u800c\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u68c0\u6d4bSQL\u6ce8\u5165\u98ce\u9669\uff1f<\/strong>
\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62SQL\u6ce8\u5165\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u6216ORM\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\uff09\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u9694\u79bb\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u548cSQL\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u6ce8\u5165\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u8fdb\u884c\u4e25\u683c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e5f\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u8c03\u8bd5SQL\u6267\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff1f<\/strong>
\u8c03\u8bd5SQL\u6267\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bb0\u5f55\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Python\u4e2d\u7684logging\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bb0\u5f55SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u5806\u6808\u8ddf\u8e2a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5982DEBUG\u6216ERROR\uff09\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u4f7f\u7528\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528ORM\u6846\u67b6\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u6267\u884c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7b49\u65b9 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1183713,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1183710"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1183710"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1183710\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1183714,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1183710\/revisions\/1183714"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1183713"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1183710"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1183710"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1183710"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}